सूरजमल और जवाहर सिंह

soorajamal

kumher ka ghera uth jane se soorajamal ko kuchh chain mila jisaki use bahut avashyakata thi. usake sadhan lagabhag samapti ki sima tak pahuanch ge the. prashasanik, vittiy tatha sainik sthiti ka moolyaankan karane ke lie use kuchh der vishram ki avashyakata thi. dilli ki dasha jitani am taur par hua karati thi, usase bhi adhik big di huee thi. isase soorajamal ko marathoan se samajhauta karake chhote-mote labh uthane ka mauqa mil gaya. vah is bat ke lie razi ho gaya ki vah uttar bharat ke marathoan ke karyoan ka virodh nahian karega aur uttar bharat mean unake bar-bar hone vale dhavoan mean badha nahian dalega. raghunath ne soorajamal ko chhoot de di ki vah agara prant ke adhikaansh pradesh par qabja kar le. yah pradesh ab tak marathoan ke pas tha soorajamal aur javahar sianh ne palaval par adhikar kar liya, ballabhagadh vapas le liya aur sabase mahattvapoorn bat yah ki march, 1756 mean alavar ko apane niyantran mean le liya. parantu ab sab kam nirvighn, shanti se nahian chal raha tha. ab ek ne vyakti ne samrajy ke mamaloan mean pravesh kiya, jo bad mean bahut bhayavah purush siddh hua. vah tha-afagan roohela najib़ khaan. soorajamal ko is navagantuk ki upasthiti ka anubhav turant hi karana p d gaya. joon, 1755 mean najib़ khaan ne vazir–imad-ul-mulk ke adesh par un ilaqo ko vapas lene ke lie nikala, jin par ganga–yamuna ke doab mean soorajamal ne qabja kar liya tha. chooanki dono pakshoan mean se koee bhi lambe sainik sangram ke lie utsuk nahian tha, isalie rajakiy bhoomi ke divan nagaramal ne ek sandhi ki rooparekha taiyar ki. yah donoan mean se kisi bhi paksh ke lie poori tarah santoshajanak nahian tha. is 'dasana ki sandhi' ki shartean nimn thian–

1. aligadh zile mean soorajamal ne jin zaminoan par dakhal kiya hua hai, ve usi ke pas raheangi.
2. in zaminoan par sthayi rajasv chhabbis lakh roope tay hua, jisamean se atharah lakh roope un jagiroan ke naqad muavaze ke kam kie jane the, jo ahamadashah ke shasan-kal mean khoja javid khaan ne soorajamal ke nam kar di thian, parantu un dinoan ki nirantar ashanti ke karan jinhean baqayada hastantirit nahian kiya ja saka tha.
3. soorajamal sikandarabad ke qile aur zile ko khali kar dega, jo marathoan ne use de diya tha.
4. baqi ath lakh rupayoan mean se, jo shahi rajakosh ko milane the, soorajamal do lakh roope dasana-sandhi par hastakshar karate samay aur baqi chhah lakh ek sal ke andar chuka dega. 'dasana ki sandhi' belag vijay to nahian thi, parantu ise b di parajay bhi nahian kaha ja sakata. kaha ja sakata hai ki jo d barabari par chhoota, jisamean sare samay jatoan ka pal da bhari raha.

thakur badanasianh ka nidhan

bhagavan ki maya sachamuch vichitr hai. ab tak soorajamal ka bhagy-nakshatr zoroan se damakata raha tha aur jatoan ke akash ko apani dipti se jagamagata raha tha. achanak hi do dukhad ghatanaoan ne usake jivan ko andhakaramay kar diya. pahale to usake pita thakur badanasianh ka joon, 1756 mean dig mean svargavas ho gaya. yah ant bahut apratyashit nahian tha, kyoanki vriddh thakur ka svasth bahut samay se girata ja raha tha. vah bilakul andhe ho chuke the aur apane mahal mean hi rahate the. yahaan tak ki govardhan, vrindavan aur gokul ke mandiroan mean bhi unaka jana bahut kam ho gaya tha. jab tak vah jivit the, tab tak soorajamal utsahapoorvak apane kam mean juta rah sakata tha aur apane bhavishy ka nirman kar sakata tha. agar koee kam big dane lage, to vah turant apane pita ke pas ja sakata tha aur vah samasya ka sahi hal nikal dete. unaki mrityu se soorajamal ki chintaean, bojh aur zimmedariyaan badh gee. ab vah vaidhanik tatha vastavik–donoan roopoan ke ek vishal evan samarik drishti se mahattvapoorn rajy ka shasak tha. is rajy ko usake pita ne, jo kisi bhi drishti se dekhane par ek atyant satvashali purush the, bilakul shoony mean se gadhakar taiyar kiya tha.

javahar sianh ka vidroh

abhi vah apane pita ki mrityu ke shok se ubar bhi nahian paya tha ki usake putr javaharasianh ne vidroh ka jhanda kh da karake us par marmantak aghat kiya. pita ke viruddh javahar sianh ke vidroh ka varnan karane ke pahale soorajamal ke ghareloo mamaloan ki charcha kar dena upayogi hoga, kyoanki inaka un jhag de par bahut prabhav raha, jo badhate-badhate chintajanak sima tak ja pahuancha aur usaki shakha-prashakhaean door-door tak phail gee.

• filip mesan bharatiy sena ki sahahana karate hue apane itihas mean likhata hai- 'uttarakalin mugal samratoan ke kisi putr ke lie vidroh bahut kuchh vaisa hi tha, jaisa ki kisi nirvachan–kshetr ko patana. isase mahattvakaanksha prakat hoti thi, sathiyoan ki parakh ho jati thi, anubhav prapt ho jata tha aur isase sianhasan tak pahuanchane ka marg bhi saf ho sakata tha.'

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vidroh ka rog sankramak tha. afagan, rajapoot, marathe, sikh aur jat bhi isase grast ho ge the, lekin isase unaka kuchh bhi bhala nahian hua. vidroh kar baithana ek bat hai aur use saphal bana pana bilakul doosari bat . is vishisht manoranjan mean hatahatoan ka anupat kuchh adhik hi rahata hai. yadyapi is vishay mean nishchayapoorvak kuchh nahian kaha ja sakata, phir bhi kianvadanti hai ki raja soorajamal ki chaudah patniyaan thi, jinamean sabase prasiddh do haian–

• rani hansiya aur
• rani kishori. rani hansiya salimapur kalaan ki thi aur rani kishori hodal ki, usaka pita chaudhari kashiram vahaan ka kafi prabhavashali aur dhani vyakti tha. vivah ko rajanitik sadhan banane mean soorajamal apane pita ke charan-chihnoan par chala tha. rani hansiya ka putr naharasianh tha, jo achchha adami nahian tha aur yah ek rahasy hi hai ki soorajamal ne use apana uttaradhikari banane ka vichar bhi kyoan kiya. tisari patni thi ganga, jisake do putr the– javaharasianh aur ratan sianh.
• thakur gangasih ne apane granth 'yaduvansh' mean likha hai ki rani ganga chauhan rajapoot thi, parantu any lekhakoan ka kathan hai ki gori rajapoot thi.
• karnal tad ke is kathan ke samarthan mean koee praman upalabdh nahian hai ki javaharisanh ek kurmi (nimn jati) mahila ka putr tha . parantu yah vichar-vimarsh nirarthak hai aur hamean is par der tak atakane ki avashyakata nahian hai. rani kavariya aur rani khetakumari ne kramashah navalasianh aur ranajitasianh ko janm diya. rani kishori ke koee santan nahian tha, usane javahar sianh ko god le liya. javahar sianh ke sath any char bhaeeyoan ki koee barabari thi hi nahian. usamean gun to the, parantu usake svabhav ke dosh un gunoan ki apeksha kahian adhik the. vah krodhi svabhav ka tha aur dhairy tatha shantipoorn lagan ke mooly ko nahian samajh paya tha. aniyantrit mahattvakaanksha vinash ka karan banati hai javahar sianh mean sahas itana adhik tha ki dosh ki sima ek pahuanch gaya tha. apani jhoank mean akar vah auanro ki buddhimatta ki avahelana kar deta tha. vah khushamad se rijh jata tha aur alochana zara bhi nahian sah sakata tha. use yah galatafahami thi ki jo log narami se kam lete haian, ve yash aur dhan arjit nahian kar pate. usamean n to apane pita ki-si nishkapat bhavana thi, n satark samajhadari. javahar sianh ke nirantar chi dachide़pan ke phalasparoop pahale matabhed aur usake bad vidroh hona avashyanbhavi tha. chhoti-chhoti batoan par chhote-chhote matabhed prayah b de sangharshoan ka karan ban jate haian . kisi jnani purush ne kaha hai – 'jo dhanush jhuk sakata hai, usaka ban bahut door jata hai.' javaharasianh jhuk hi nahian sakata tha.

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kalah ka arambh tab hua, jab soorajamal ne javahar sianh ki nitantar badhati dhan ki maangoan ko poora karane mean anakani ki. soorajamal dhan ke vishay mean savadhan tha, parantu usaka putr nahian. javaharasianh ka rahan-sahan aisa tha ki ay aur vyay mean kahian door tak ka koee sambandh jo dane ki guanjaish nahian thi. soorajamal apane oopar bahut kam kharch karata tha aur apane vichar se usane apane nirantar maang karate rahane vale putr ke lie paryapt dhan ki vyavastha ki huee thi. jaisa ki sada hota hai, khushamadi logoan aur darabariyoan ne jhag da kh da kiya. javahar ne apane asapas aise yuvak samantoan ka ek jhuand jama kar liya tha jo usaki durbalataoan ka labh uthate the, aur use ukasate rahate the. javahar sianh apane pita ke sath kee saphal abhiyanoan par gaya tha aur dilli mean samrat ke darabar aur jayapur ke darabar mean bhi ja chuka tha. use koee karan dikhaee n p data tha ki vah– hindustan ke sabase dhani aur sabase sashakt kahe ja sakane vale shasak ka putr, kyoan kam thath-bat se rahe ya use kisi bhi chiz ki kami kyoan rahe. soorajamal ko fijoolakharchi bilakul pasand nahian thi, vah use samajhata – bujhata bhi tha, parantu javahar par usaka koee asar nahian hota tha. javahar ko khush karane ke lie usane use dig ka qiledar (kamaandeant) bana diya. is pad aur sthan–donoan ke jivan mean samajhadari ka sthan nahian ke barabar tha. usake pita ne use salah di ki achchhe sathiyoan ki sangati mean rahe, parantu usake us par dhyan nahian diya. anivaryatah bharatapur-darabar gutoan mean bant gaya. rajakumaroan mean bhi vaisi hi phoot thi, jaisi ki darabariyoan mean aur 'ek-doosare ke prati unaki bhavana bhaeechare ki nahian, apitu bhratrighat ki thi.'

gutabandi

anek gut ke neta vayovriddh balaram aur mohanaram the.

• inamean se pahala balaram soorajamal ka sala aur sena ka adhyaksh tatha bharatapur ka rajyapal tha.
• mohanaram vitt tatha rajakiy topakhane ka adhyaksh tha. ve aur javahar ek-doosare ki phooti aankhoan dekh nahian sakate the. ve donoan prabhavashali purush the, jinaki bat soorajamal aur rani hansiya sunate aur manate the. yuvak samant is vriddh gut ki gatividhiyoan ko pasand nahian karate the aur ve javaharasianh ki or akarshit ho ge. inamean thakur ratanasianh, thakur ajitasianh, rajakumar ratanasianh aur rani ganga bhi sammilit thi.
• tisare gut ki neta thi rani kishori. isaka sabase pramukh sadasy tha– rooparam katariya. usake pita aur putr mean mel kara dene ki bharasak cheshta ki, parantu viphal raha. ek aur sakriy samant tha, ga doli gaanv ka saradar thakur sabharam. vah dhani tha aur samay-samay par javahar sianh ko b di-b di dhan-rashiyaan bheant deta rahata tha. ek bar sabharam ne javahar sianh ko sat lakh roope die. jab raja soorajamal ne use daanta ki is prakar vah javahar ki adat biga d dega, tab sabharat ne shantipoorvak uttar diya–'chi diyoan ke pani pine se talab khali nahian hota. mere pas bahut rupaya hai. phir, maian to use apana bhatija manata hooan.'

uttaradhikar ka vivad

thakur badanasianh ki mrityu ke bad sthiti parakashtha par pahuanch gee. apane jivan mean pahali bar soorajamal ne kachchi bazi kheli aur yah ishara diya ki usaka uttaradhikari narahasianh banega. 'soorajamal ne yah thik hi bhaanp liya tha ki usaka putr (javahar) jatoan ka vinash ka karan banega.' apane pita ka yah nirnay javaharasianh ko ekadam amany tha aur usane bina kuchh hayatauba machae svayan ko svatantr ghoshit kar diya. isake lie badhava usake sathi yuvak samantoan ne diya. jab soorajamal ne javahar sianh ko hosh mean lane ke sab shantipoorn upay azamakar dekh lie aur koee labh n hua, tab usake sammukh isake sivay koee vikalp hi n raha ki vah apane vidrohi putr par chadhaee kar de . javahar sianh ne dikha diya ki vah bhi mitti ka lauanda nahian hai. usake k da pratirodh kiya. usane dig ke qile se bahar nikalakar soorajamal ki sena par akraman kiya. 'shahar ke parakote ke niche jamakar l daee huee. jin badamashoan ne javahar sianh ko is dushkarm ke lie bh dakaya tha, unhean pichhe dhakel diya gaya. parantu javahar sianh jhapatakar vahaan ja pahuancha jahaan ghanaghor yuddh ho raha tha aur asadharan viratapoorvak l dane laga. use ek talavar lagi, ek barchha laga aur bandook ki ek goli usake pet ke nichale bhag mean lagi aur par ho gee. vah buri tarah ghayal ho gaya. apane putr ke ghavoan ko dekhakar soorajamal ko usase bhi adhik vyatha huee, jitani ki dig ke vinash se huee thi. vah badahavas hokar apane putr ko un logoan ke hatho se chhin lene ke jhapata, jo usake sab nishedhoan aur chikh-pukar ki paravar n karate hue usaka malida banae de rahe the.' ghavoan ko bharane mean bahut samay laga aur javaharasianh ke aang kabhi bhi poori tarah thik nahian hue. vah jivan-bhar lang data raha.

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yahaan tak to fadar vaiandel ka vivaran pramanik jan p data hai, parantu isase age usaki urvar kalpana ooanchi u dan bharane lagati hai. vah kahata hai 'yadyapi yah bilakul saty hai ki javaharasianh is apriy kary mean kuchh to apane svabhav ke karan aur kuchh apane sathiyoan ki salah ke karan phansa tha, phir bhi yah saty hai ki usaka pita soorajamal usase adhik toka-taki karata tha usaki kanjoosi ke karan javaharasianh svayan ko garib anubhav karata tha. is karan aur javaharasianh ko usake viratapoorn karyoan ke lie dhan dete rahane vale logo ki dushtata ke karan javaharasianh ant mean vah hiansattamak qadam uthane ke lie vivash ho gaya tha, jisake lie use uchit hi dhikkara gaya hai. un donoan mean manamutav ka ek aur bhi karan tha. apani mrityu se poorv badanasianh ne yuvak javaharasianh ko (jo use bahut priy tha aur jise vah auroan se adhik pasand karata tha) ek kagaz ka purza diya tha. yah samajha jata tha ki isamean ek bahut b de, chhipakar rakhe ge khajane ki janakari di gee thi. soorajamal kagaz ke is purje़ ko prapt karane ke lie baichen tha. jo bat maian sunane laga hooan, vah isalie bahut adhik sambhav jan p dati hai, kyoanki sabhi bharose-yogy logoan ne, nirapavad roopase mujhe isaki satyata ka vishvas dilaya hai. pratit hota hai ki usi din aur usi samay, jabaki soorajamal ke samane hi javaharasianh ke ghavoan ki maraham-patti ho rahi thi, javaharasianh se kee bar poochha-baba ne jo kagaz ka purza diya tha, vah kahaan rakha hai. is par javaharasianh ne sir doosari or pher liya aur hath se ishara kiya, jisase soorajamal ke lobhi svabhav ke prati aruchi prakat hoti thi, jo aisi dasha mean apani aankhoan ke samane marate hue putr ki apeksha us khazane ke lie adhik chintit jan p data tha.' yah varnan n keval kalpanik hai, apitu behoodagi ki sima tak ja pahuancha hai. kya ham yah kalpana kar sakate hai ki soorajamal ek or to apane putr ki jivan-raksha ke lie prarthana kar raha ho aur doosari or apane mritapray putr se badanasianh ke us purze ko maang raha ho, jisaka kabhi koee astitv tha hi nahian. aur vah bhi sab logoan ke samane . itana hi behooda yah sujhav bhi hai ki badanasianh koee rahasy javaharasianh ko to batane ko taiyar tha, kintu soorajamal ko nahian, jo pichhale bis varshoan se rajy ka vastavik shasak tha. yah bat sochi bhi nahian ja sakati hai ki soorajamal ke pita ne use vishvasapatr n mana ho. atah ham baiandel ke kathan ko amany kar sakate haian, vaise hi jaise ki hamean usake is arop ko karana hoga ki soorajamal badanasianh ka putr nahian tha. is vishay mean to vivad hi nahian hai ki is ugr tatha dukhad kalah se pita aur putr ke apasi sambandhoan mean katuta a gee. soorajamal ko bhavishy ke vishay mean ashanka hone lagi. is bat ka koee bharosa nahian tha ki usaki mrityu ke uparant usake putroan mean bhratrighat yuddh n hoga. javaharasianh ko l dane se anand ata tha. yah aisa bhavishy nahian tha, jise sochakar soorajamal ko anand ho sakata. use pata tha ki balaram aur mohanaram javaharasianh ko apana shasak svikar nahian kareange. avashyakata huee to ve l dakar isaka faisala kareange. antatogatva vijeta koee n hoga aur usase hani jat-rashtr ko pahuanchegi.

• qanoonago ka kathan hai ki javaharasianh apane logoan ko samajh nahian paya tha, jabaki usaka pita samajhata tha– 'javahar abhijat-vargiy hone ka dikhava karata tha aur apane nikatatam sambandhiyoan tatha rishtedaroan ko yah jatae bina n rahata tha ki vah apane kul ke karan unase b da hai aur un par shasan karane ka haqadar hai. har-ek jat ko yahi bat sabase buri lagati hai vah afaganoan ki tarah kisi bhi jhoothi davedar ko usake muanh par yah kahate nahian darata ki 'too aisa kya hai, jo maian nahian hooan, too aisa kya ban jaega, jo maian nahian banooanga.' isake alava, is rajakumar ka charitr bhi aisa tha ki usase any logo mean vishvas bilakul utpann nahian hota tha."

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soorajamal ki sabhi aanshakaean age chalakar saty siddh huee. javaharasianh ne apane pita ki mrityu ke pashchath thik vahi kuchh kiya jisaki usake pita ko aanshaka thi. usake pita aur dada ne itane kathin parishram se jo kuchh jita aur jama kiya tha, us sabako prayah ganvate aur nasht karate use zara der nahian lagi.