ठाकुर चूड़ामन सिंह

jat nayak thakur choo daman sianh

choo daman ke pita brajaraj ki do patniyaan thian– indrakaur tatha amritakaur. donoan hi mamooli zamiandar parivar se thian. choo daman ki maan, amritakaur chikasana ke chaudhari chandrasianh ki putri thi. usake do putr aur the– atiram aur bhavasianh. ve donoan bhi mamooli zamiandar (bhoomidhari) the. sambhavatah choo daman sinasini par shatru ka adhikar hone ke bad dig, bayana aur chambal ke bih doan ke jangali ilaqoan mean chhip gaya hoga. vah 'maro aur bhago' ki chhapamar paddhati se lootapat karata tha. choo daman ko janata ka samarthan prapt tha. choo daman svany apane prati nishthavan tha. jat-log kathor jivan vyatit karate the. ve n daya chahate the aur n daya karate the. choo daman karmath aur vyavaharik vyakti tha. usane jatoan ko unnat evan dridh banaya. usake samay mean pahali bar 'jat shakti' shabd prachalan mean aya badanasianh tatha soorajamal ke netritv mean jat shakti atharahavian shati mean hindustan mean ek shaktishali taqat ban gee thi. choo daman sianh ne sanh 1721 mean atmahatya ki, tab usake bhaee ka pautr soorajamal chaudah baras ka tha.

choo daman ki chhapamar l dakoo sena

choo daman mean netritv ke gun vidyaman the. usane ek zabaradast chhapamar l dakoo sena taiyar ki thian. usaki niti thi–

• kisi qile ya gadhi mean ghirakar baithane ki apeksha kuchh ghu dasavaroan ko lekar gatishil rahana, yojana banakar virodh karana, yuddh ki yojana banana, anushasan banana aur ek ke bad ek morcha kholane ke lie lagatar chalate rahana. jisase shatru aram se nahian rah pate the. shatruoan ko rastoan ki janakari na hone aur bhari saz-saman hone ke karan unaki gatishilata kam ho jati thi aur ve jangaloan mean bhatak jate the. sinasinavar jatoan ne murasan aur hatharas ke saradaroan ki sahayata se dilli aur mathura, agara aur dhaulapur ke bich shahi marg ko lagabhag band kar diya tha. mugaloan ke viruddh yuddh karate hue choo daman kabhi pak da nahian gaya, na poori tarah parast hua. satrahavian shatabdi ke ant tak usaka prabhav bahut badh gaya tha. usake pas 10,000 yoddhaoan–bandookachiyoan, ghu dasavaroan aur paidal ki sena thi. sanh 1704 mean usane sinasini par phir adhikar kar liya, sanh 1705 mean agara ke faujadar mukhtarakhaan ke akraman karane par vah sinasini chho dakar apana pradhan shivir thoon le gaya. vahaan usane bahut mazaboot durg banavaya.

aurangazeb ki mrityu

• aurangazeb ki mrityu ke bad choo daman ke lie yah sangharsh saral raha. aurangazeb ke ayogy putroan mean uttaradhikar ke yuddh mean choo daman vijeta ke sath tha. yah yuddh 13 joon, 1707 ko garmiyoan mean agara ke dakshin mean jajau mean hua. azam har gaya; use aur usake putr ko pranoan se hath dhona p da. muazzm 'shah alam pratham' ke roop mean rajagaddi par baitha.
• azam aur muazzm ki senaoan ki jajau mean muthabhe d huee, choo daman apane sainikoan ke sath yuddh ka rookh dekhata raha aur akraman ke lie mauqe ki talash karata raha. pahale usane muazzm ke shivir ko loota. jab usane dekha ki azam harane laga hai to mauqe ka fayada uthakar vah bhi us par toot p da. is loot ke phalasvaroop choo daman bahut dhani ban gaya. mugaloan ki naqadi, sona, amooly, ratnajatit abhooshan, shastrastr, gho de, hathi aur rasad usake hath lage. is dhan ke karan vah jivan-bhar arthik chintaoan ke bilakul mukt raha. is vipul sampatti ka kuchh bhag sanh 1721 mean choo daman ki atmahatya ke pashchath thakur badanasianh aur maharaja soorajamal ke khazanoan mean bhi pahuancha.
• ab choo daman apane sainikoan ko vetan de sakata tha, apane virodhiyoan ko dhan dekar apane paksh mean kar sakata tha aur avashyakatanusar qile banava sakata tha. thoon ka durg isi dhan se banavaya aur susajjit kiya gaya. jajau ke yuddh mean sinasinavaroan ne jo sahayata di thi, usake upalakshy mean unhean bhi samrat ki or se inam mile.
• bahadurashah ne choo daman ko 1,500 zat aur 500 ghu dasavar ka manasab pradan kiya. vidrohi ko sarakari karmachari varg mean sthan mil gaya. choo daman bahut hi pahuancha hua avasaravadi tha; shahi senadhyaksh ke apane ne pad par usane mugal samrat ki nishthapoorvak seva ki. vah sanh 1710-11 mean sikhoan ke viruddh abhiyan mean mugal samrat ke sath gaya aur 27 faravari, 1712 ko jab lahaur mean bahadurashah ki mrityu huee, tab choo daman vahian tha. sikhoan ke viruddh abhiyan mean choo daman dil se sath nahian tha. sikhoan mean bhi bahut se log, bhale hi ve nanak ke dharm ko manate the, usi jaise jat the.
• yadyapi bahadurashah itihas par apani koee ullekhaniy chhap nahian chho d paya, phir bhi usane apane chhote-se rajy-sianhasan ki maryada ko kalankit nahian kiya. usake saumy svabhav, daanvadol chitt aur dirgh-kalin anishchay ke phalasvaroop sthiti jaise-taise ghisatati rahian. samrat ka shasan vaise hi chalata raha jaise usake pita ke samay chalata tha, parantu shanaiah-shanaiah samrajy ke mahanh stambh lupt hote aur hras arambh ho gaya. bahadurashah se n log darate the, n usaka adar karate the, phir bhi log use manate the. usake bad jo badashah ae, unako to mahattvakaankshi saradar keval apane hathoan ki kathaputali banae rahe.

bahadurashah ki mrityu

lahaur mean samrat bahadurashah ki mrityu ke samay usake charoan putr usake pas hi the. uttaradhikar ke lie yuddh to hona hi tha. jahaandarashah ne apane tin bhaeeyoan ko mar dala aur svayan rajasianhasan par baith gaya. use lalakumari ya lalakanvar nam ki ek rakhail ke premi ke roop mean smaran kiya jata hai. yah lalakanvar svayan ko doosari noorajahaan samajhati thi. aise patit evan kapatapoorn vatavaran mean choo daman jaise vyakti ko chain kahaan mil sakata tha. mauqa milate hi vah raj-darabar ko chho dakar apane logoan aur apani jagir ki dekhabhal karane ke lie a gaya. jab farrookhasiyar jahaandarashah ko chunauti dene ke lie dilli a pahuancha, tab jahaandarashah ne sinasinavaroan se sahayata maangi. is samay tak choo daman yamuna ke pashchimi tat par rahane vale jatoan tatha any hindoo logoan ka vastavik shasak ban chuka tha. dilli se lekar chambal tak usaka kshetr tha aur usake rookh par hi yah bat nirbhar karati thian ki hinduhstan ke sianhasan ke kisi ummidavar ke prati is kshetr ki gramin janata ka vyavahar mitratapoorn ho ya shatrutapoorn. jahaandarashah ke anurodh par choo daman apane anuyayiyoan ki ek b di sena lekar agara tak badh gaya. jahaandarashah ne use ek poshak bheant ki aur use uchit samman diya. raj-sianhasan ke davedar do nikrisht purushoan ki senaoan mean 10 janavari, 1913 ko yuddh hua. choo daman ne anan-fanan mean, donoan pakshoan ko bari-bari se lootakar donoan ka hi bojh halka kar diya aur usake bad vah thoon laut gaya. kuchh hi samay bad gala ghoantakar jahaandarashah ki hatya kar di gee aur farrookhasiyar samrat bana.

shahi mukhy marg ka karyakari afasar (shaharah)

vastavik shakti do saiyad bandhuoan ke hathoan mean rahian. saiyad abdulla bazir bana aur husain ali pradhan senapati. chhabilaram ko agara ka soobedar niyukt kiya gaya. usane choo daman ki halachaloan ki rokatham karane ke lie kuchh chalean chalian, parantu use saphalata n mili. soobedar ke oopar agara ka rajyapal tha– shamsuddaula, jo 'khan-e-dauraan' ki bhavy rajakiy upadhi se vibhooshit tha. vah chatur evan dooradarshi tha. apane soobedar chhabilaram ke marg ka anusaran karane ki usaki zara bhi ichchha nahian thian. shamsuddaula is durjay jat se virodh palakar apani pratishtha ganvana nahian chahata tha; atah usane choo daman se maitri ki charcha chalaee. choo daman ne farrookhasiyar ki sena aur saman ko loota tha, vah itana samajhadar to tha ki ne samrat ko vyarth hi n khijhata rahe. 'khan-e-dauraan' ne samrat se choo daman ko kshama dilava di aur use dilli ane ka nimantran bhijavaya. ek bar phir choo daman ne apane 4,000 ghu dasavaroan ko lekar dilli ko kooch kiya aur b daphoola (barahapula) se use rajochit samman ke sath dilli le jaya gaya. svayan 'khan-e-dauraan' use divan-e-khas mean le gaya aur samrat ne use dilli ke nikat se lekar chambal ke ghat tak shahi mukhy marg ka karyakari afasar (shaharah) niyukt kar diya.

• choo daman ke pad ke is parivartan par tippani karate hue profesar qanoon goan ne likha hai- 'ek bhe die ko bhe do ke reb d ka rakhavala bana diya gaya ." is prakar akhirakar choo daman ko shahi anumodan ki chhap mil hi gee. use yah adhikar tha ki jo kshetr usaki dekh-rekh mean chho da gaya hai, us par ane-jane vale logoan par vah path-kar laga sake.
• pahale jis utsah se vah mugaloan ke kafiloan ko loota karata tha, usi utsah se ab vah path-kar vasool karane laga. choo daman ki dhianga-mushti ki shikayatean dilli pahuanchi, parantu ashakt samrat usaki rok-tham karane ya use dand dene ke lie kuchh bhi nahian kar saka. isake atirikt, saiyad bandhuoan ke sath milakar choo daman ne 'khan-e-dauraan' tatha saiyad bandhuoan mean vidyaman matabhedoan se bhi labh uthaya.
• farrookhasiyar ko raj-sianhasan saiyad bandhuoan ki kripa se mila tha, phir bhi vah unake viruddh shadayantr karata rahata tha. use maloom tha ki saiyad bandhu jayapur ke raja se khush nahian hai, atah usane saiyadoan ki pith-pichhe jayapur ke savaee jayasianh se choo daman ke thoon-gadh par akraman karane ko kaha. kachhavahoan aur sinasinavaroan ke bich khoon ki nadiyaan bah chuki thi. aurangajeb ne jatoan ko dabane ke lie raja vishanasianh ka istemal kiya tha. ab jayasianh ko is kam ke lie rakha gaya tha. use bharapoor matra mean jan, dhan tatha shastrastr die ge. kota aur booandi ke rajaoan ko bhi choo daman se shikayatean thian, atah unhoanne jayasianh ka sath diya. choo daman ke bhedie dilli mean the aur usake vinash ki jo yojanaean ban rahi thian, unaki soochana ve use dete rahate the. usane jayasianh ke muqabale ke lie ek lambe yuddh ki taiyari ki. choo daman ne itana anaj, namak, ghi, tambakoo, kap da aur eeandhan ikattha kar liya ki vah bis varsh ke lie paryapt rahe. jin logoan ko l daee mean bhag nahian lena tha, un sabako usane qile se bahar bhej diya, jisase rasad ka anavashyak vyay n ho. qile ka ghera bis mahine tak p da raha aur usaka nirnayak parinam kuchh bhi n nikala. dilli darabar mean toorani aur eerani gutoan ke madhy chale shadyantr choo daman ke lie varadan rahe.
• jatoan ne ghera dalane valoan ko kabhi chain se n baithane diya. thoon ka ilaqa grishm rritu mean to garami aur dhool ka khaulata k dah ban jata tha aur varsha rritu mean bilakul daladal. vah sainik gatirodh donoan hi pakshoan ko pasand nahian tha.
• choo daman ne jayasianh ko laanghakar saiyad bandhuoan se samajhaute ki bat chalaee aur vah samrat ko pachas lakh roope bheant karane ko raji ho gaya. isase anuman lagaya ja sakata hai ki sinasinavaroan ne kitani vipul dhan-rashi ekatr kar li thi. samrat ne is prastav ko turant svikar kar liya. thoon ke ghere par shahi khajane ke do karo d roope kharch ho chuke the; pranoan aur pratishtha ki jo hani huee, vah isake atirikt thi. jayasianh ko ghera utha lene ka adesh de diya gaya. prakatatah kshubdh, par man-hi-man prasann jayasianh thoon se vapas laut gaya.

saiyad bandhu, farrookhasiyar se tang a ge the. unhoanne usase piand chhu dane ka nishchay kar liya. unhoanne usaki hatya karava di.

• choo daman chhaya ki bhaanti saiyad bandhuoan ke sath laga raha, jab farrookhasiyar ko apadasth kiya gaya, tab vah husainali ki sena ke sath tha. bad mean vah usake sath samrat-pad ke ek naqali davedar nekoosiyar ke viruddh abhiyan mean agara gaya. nekoosiyar ko saiyad banghuoan ke shatruoan ne samrat ghoshit kar diya tha. saiyad bandhuoan ne choo daman ko 'raja' ki upadhi dene ka vayada kiya tha, par apane vayade ko poora karane ke lie saiyad bandhu jivit hi n rahe, kyoanki shighr hi unaki hatya kar di gee. thik samay par choo daman ne pasa palata aur vah ne samrat muhammadashah ke sath mil gaya.
• muhammadashah ne jat-saradar ko b de paritoshik die, jinhean usane svikar kar liya. parantu sanh 1720 mean hodal ki l daee mean vah saiyad abdulla samrat ke shiviroan ko lootane ka pralobhan tyag n saka. choo daman ne pahale samrat ke aur usake bad abdulla ke shivir ko loota. is loot mean usake hath sath lakh roope ka mal laga, jisane thoon ke ghere mean hue nuqasan ki bharapaee ho gee. ab shaharah choo daman ek svadhin raja ki bhaanti vyavahar evan acharan karane laga. amer ko dabae rakhane ke lie usane jodhapur ke ajitasianh rathaur se maitri kar li. usane bundeloan ki bhi sahayata ki. parantu usaki loot-khasot, usaka nirantar paksh-parivartan, usaki nishthahinata aur usaki avasaravadita usake un kuchh ghanishth kutumbiyoan ke lie asahy hoti ja rahian thian, jinake davoan aur hitoan ki vah avahelana kar raha tha.

badanasianh aur roop sianh

apane bhaee bhavasianh ki mrityu ke pashchath choo daman ne apane do bhatijoan-badanasianh aur roop sianh ko pala tha. choo daman thoon mean padasin tha aur badanasianh sinasini mean rahata tha. badanasianh ko apane chacha ke taur-tariqe aur chalean bilakul napasand thian. usaka vichar tha ki samay a gaya hai ab jatoan ko vidrohiyoan ki bhaanti nahian, apitu shasakoan ki bhaanti rahana chahie. choo daman ke pas dhan tha, rajy-kshetr tha aur mugaloan ki di huee upadhi bhi thian.

• is samay jat do gutoan mean bant gaye the.
• choo daman aur usake asanyat putr mokhamasianh ke paksh mean the-saradar khemakaran soghariya, vijayaraj g dasiya, chhatarapur ka faujadar fatahasianh aur thakur tularam, ye sab purani pidhi ke log the.
• badanasianh ko faujadar anoopasianh, rajaram ke putr fatahasianh, gairoo aur halena ke thakuroan tatha any jatiyoan ke mukhiyaoan ka samarthan prapt tha. badanasianh ne choo daman ke jani dushman, jayapur ke raja jayasianh se bhi sampark banaya hua tha. apane krodhi putr mokhamasianh ke kahane par choo daman apane jivan ki sabase bhayankar galati ki– ek bekar sa bahana lekar usane badanasianh aur roopasianh ko bandi bana liya aur unhean thoon mean la rakha. yah khabar jat-pradesh mean davanal ki bhaanti phaili. sabhi jat-saradaroan ne choo daman par dabab dala ki vah apane bhatijoan ko qaid se chho d de. unhean chho dane ke lie choo daman ne yah shart rakhi ki badanasianh usaka aur usaki nitiyoan ka virodh n kare. badanasianh isake lie qatee taiyar nahian tha.
• ek itihasakar ka kathan hai ki ek sthiti aisi aee ki jab choo daman ne badanasianh ko khatm hi kar dene ka vichar kiya, parantu abhi tak isaka koee praman samane nahian aya. kaha jata hai ki pramukh jat-saradaroan ne spasht kah diya tha ki yadi badanasianh ko qaid se chho da n gaya, to ve mokhamasianh ke vivah mean sammilit nahian hoange.
• is dhamaki ka asar hua. ant mean choo daman ne bhavi vipatti ko bhaanp liya aur badanasianh tatha roopasianh ko qaid se chho d diya. badanasianh pahale to agara gaya aur usake bad jayasianh ke pas jayapur chala gaya.
• choo daman ne jo kuchh bhi upalabdh kiya, nirman kiya, qilebandi ki aur jita, vah sab bahut jaldi nasht-bhrasht ho jana tha- vah bhi any kisi ke hathoan nahian, apitu jayapur ke raja savaee jayasianh ke hathoan aur vah bhi choo daman ke apane hi bhatije ki sahayata se. is bar jayasianh ne kam ko poora karake hi chho da. usane thoon mean apani beizzati ka badala le liya. badanasianh ke marg-darshan mean ati huee amer ki senaoan ke thoon pahuanchane se pahale hi choo daman ne atmahatya kar li.
• choo daman ka ek sambandhi niahsantan mar gaya tha. vah ek dhani vyapari tha. usake bhaee-bandhavoan ne choo daman ke b de putr mokhamasianh ko bulavaya, use divangat sambandhi ki sari zamiandari ka use pradhan bana diya aur usaki sab chizean use sauanp dian.
• choo daman ke dvitiy putr julakaranasianh ne apane bhaee se kaha– 'mujhe bhi in chizoan mean se hissa do aur hissedar mano.' is par kafi kaha-suni ho gee aur mokhamasianh l dane-marane ko taiyar ho gaya. julakaran bhi jhag dane par utaroo tha, usane apane adami ikatthe kie aur apane bhaee par hamala kar diya. b de-boodhoan ne choo daman ko khabar bheji ki usake bete apas mean l d rahe haian. choo daman ne mokham sianh ko samajhana chaha, to usane gali-galauj shuroo kar di aur prakat kar diya ki vah apane bhaee ke sath-sath bap se bhi l dane ke taiyar hai. is par choo daman ape se bahar ho gaya aur jhallakar usane vah vish kha liya, jisean vah sada apane pas rakhata tha aur phir vah gho de par chadhakar ek viran bag mean pahuanchakar ek pe d ke niche let gaya aur mar gaya. use khojane ke lie adami bheje ge aur unhoanne usaka shav dhooandh nikala. koee bhi shatru use jis vish ko khane ke lie vivash nahian kar paya tha, vahi ab usake ek moorkh putr ne use khila diya. is prakar choo daman sanh 1721 mean faravari mas mean paralok sidhara usake lie n kisi ne git gae, n kisi ne aansoo bahae.
• agale varsh thoon-gadh le liya gaya. mokhanasianh bhagakar jodhapur chala gaya aur vahaan apane pita ke mitr ajitasianh rathaur se sharan li. jayasianh ke pas 14,000 ghu dasavar aur 50,000 paidal sainik the. pahale to thoon ke as-pas kh di jangal ki abhedy patti ko kat dala gaya. badan sianh ne akraman ka sanchalan kiya, kyoanki use is qile ke durbal sthanoan ka jnan tha. 18 navambar, 1772 ko thoon ka patan hua.
• sar jadunath sarakar ne likha hai– 'choo daman ne jin sainikoan ko ekatr tatha sangathit kiya tha, unamean se jo ranabhoomi ke hatyakaand se bach pae, unhean unake ghar bhej diya gaya aur unhean vivash kiya gaya ki ve apani talavaroan ko galakar haloan ke phal banavae. vijeta ke adesh se thoon shahar ko gadhoan se jutavaya gaya, jisase vah aisa abhishapt pradesh ban jae ki kisi rajavansh ka kendr-sthan banane ke upayukt n rahe. rajaram aur choo daman ke kary ka unake pichhe koee nishan hi n bacha aur unake uttaradhikari ko har chiz nianv se hi shuroo karani p di.'
• d aau. satishachandr ne apane vidvattapoorn granth mean use tho da kam varnit kiya hai–

'yadyapi jay sianh jatoan ki dhrishtata ka daman karane ko bahut hi lalayit tha, phir bhi apani pahale ki asaphalata ko dhyan mean rakhate hue usane tab tak qadam badhana svikar nahian kiya, jab tak ki use agara ka rajyapal n bana diya gaya. yah kam 1 sitanbar, 1772 ka ho gaya, aur usake bad shighr hi 14-15,000 savaroan ki sena lekar jayasianh ne dilli se prasthan kiya. is samay tak choo daman ki mrityu ho chuki thi aur usaka putr mokhamasianh jatoan ka neta ban gaya tha. jayasianh ne jatoan ke gadh thoon par ghera dal diya aur baqayada jangal ko katane aur durgarakshak sena ko sankhti se gherane ka kam shuroo kiya. do saptah is prakar bit ge. yah kah pana kathin hai ki yah ghera kitane din chalata, parantu jatoan mean phoot p d gee. mokhamasianh ka chachera bhaee badanasianh jayasianh se a mila aur usane jat raksha-panktiyoan ke durbal sthan use bata die. ab mokhamasianh ki sthiti chintajanak ho gee. ek rat usane makanoan ko ag laga di, gola-barood u da diya aur jo bhi kuchh naqadi aur abhooshan use mil sake, use lekar qile se bhag nikala aur ajitasianh ke pas chala gaya. ajitasianh ne use sharan di. ab vijeta banakar jayasianh ne gadhi mean pravesh kiya aur use dhahavakar bhoomisat kar diya. ghrina ke chihri ke roop mean usake vahaan gadhoan se hal bhi chalavaya.

raja-e-rajeshvar

is vijay ke upalakshy mean jayasianh ko 'raja-e-rajeshvar' ki upadhi (khitab) mili. jatoan se kya sharte tay huee, isaka ullekh kisi samakalin lekhak ne nahian kiya hai. jatoan ki saradari badanasianh ne sanbhali aur choo daman ki zamiandari use prapt huee. yah anuman lagaya ja sakata hai ki pramukh qile to avashy nasht kar die ge, parantu choo daman ke parivar ko us samooche rajy se vanchit nahian kiya gaya, jise unhoanne dhire-dhire jitakar banaya tha. isake bad badanasianh vinayapoorvak svayan ko jayasianh ka anuchar kahata raha. parantu prakat hai ki vah badhiya prashasak tha aur usake savadhan netritv mean bharatapur ka jat-gharana agali do dashabdiyoan tak chupachap, nirantar shakti sanchay karata gaya. is prakar jat-shakti ki vriddhi par yah vyaghat vastavik kam aur abhasi adhik tha.' thoon aur sinisini se soorajamal ek vishal evan shaktishali rajy ka srijan karane vala tha.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

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