सूरजमल के निर्माणकार्य
soorajamal ke nirmanakary
dilli aur agara ke shreshth mistari, jhuand banakar badanasianh aur soorajamal ke darabaroan mean rozagar dhooandhane ate the. in donoan ne hi apane vipul evan nav-arjit dhan ka upayog kalakritiyoan ke srijan ke lie kiya. bharatapur rajy mean suvyavastha aur jivan tatha sampatti ki suraksha thi, jo anyatr durlabh thian, aur jisake lie log tarasate the. isake viparit, dilli aur agara mean ashanti aur avyavastha thi. is samay badanasianh ke pas jan, dhan aur sadhan-sabhi kuchh tha. apane bhavan-nirman-karyakram ke lie usane jivanaram banachari ko apana nirman-mantri niyukt kiya. banachari bahut yogy aur suruchi sampann vyakti tha. apane lie usane ek b da lal patthar ka makan banavaya tha, jo ajakal sthaniy chikitsa adhikariyoan ke qabze mean hai.
- in qiloan, bagichoan, jhiloan, mahaloan aur mandiroan ka kavyatmak varnan soorajamal ke 'rajakavi somanath' dvara likhit 'sujan-vilas' mean milata hai.
- baansi paha dapur se sangamaramar aur baretha se lal patthar dig, bharatapur, kumher aur vair tak pahuanchane ke lie 1000 bailaga diyoan, 200 gho do-ga diyoan, 1500 ooant-ga diyoan aur 500 khachcharoan ko lagaya gaya tha. in char sthanoan par bhavanoan tatha vrindavan govardhan aur ballabhagadh mean chhote-mote nirman-karyoan ko poora karane mean bis hazar stri-purush lagabhag ek-chauthaee shatabdi tak din-rat jute rahe.
- vrindavan mean soorajamal ki do b di raniyoan–rani kishori aur rani lakshmi–ke lie do sundar haveliyaan banavaee geean. do any raniyoan–ganga aur mohini ne panigaanv mean sundar mandir banavae.
- aligadh ka qila soorajamal ne banavaya.
- dig se pandrah mil poorv ki or, sahar mean badanasianh ne ek sundar bhavan banavaya, jo bad mean usaka nivas sthan ban gaya.
- ek pidhi mean hi bharatapur aur diang ke prakritik drishy badal ge the. pahale dig ek chhota-sa qasba tha; ab vah bahut sundar tatha samriddh udyan-nagar ban gaya tha, jahaan pahale badanasianh aur usake bad soorajamal ke agara aur dilli se ho d karane vale shanadar darabar laga karate the. dig se bis mil dakshin-pashchim mean sthit soghar ke jangal kat die ge aur daladalean pat di geean aur vahaan vishal evan bhavy bharatapur ka qila bana.
dig ka mukhy mahal
- 'gopal bhavan' sanh 1745 tak poora ban chuka tha. ' isamean shahajahaan ke mahaloan ke lality aur rajapoot vastukala ke apekshakrit dridhatar svaroop ka mel hai, jo adhunik jivan ki suvidhaoan ke lie rajapootana ke isake poorvavarti durg-prasadoan ki apeksha adhik anukool hai.....kalpana ki vishalata aur barikiyoan ke saundary ki drishti se isaka jo d milana mushkil hai. 'gopal bhavan' mean ek vishal divan-e-am hai, jisaka mukh dakshin mean sthit udyan ki or hai. sham ki thandak mean tahalane ke lie khuli chhat ko samany se adhik mahattv diya gaya hai; isilie koee gumbad ya chhatari nahian banaee gee aur chhat ko charoan dishaoan mean bhavan ki divaroan se age tak badhakar patthar ki jalidar muander bana di gee hai. is muander ke niche sadharan chau da chhajja hai, jo divaroan ko varsha aur dhoop se bachata hai. in donoan ke mel se sari imarat ka ek nirala hi kangoora ban gaya hai, jo itavali punarjagaran-kal ke mahaloan ke anupayogi 'soch-vichar kar banae ge' kangooroan ki apeksha kahian adhik maulik aur adhik sundar hai; ve italavi kangoore to barasati pani ke bahab ko imarat ke bahar se bhitar ki or mo d dete haian aur is prakar nal lagane vale, palastar karane vale aur divaroan par kagaz madhane vale logoan ko lagatar rozagar jutate rahane ka sadhan haian.'[1]
- 'gopal bhavan' lal patthar ka bana hai aur usaki bel-bootedar hindoo meharaboan se pata chalata hai ki soorajamal ne un karigaroan ko kam diya tha, jo aurangajeb ke samay se mugal darabar mean kam karana chho d chuke the. 'sab or phailate hue badhe dat-pattharoan ke bajay, do prastar-khandoan se bandhani (braiket) siddhant par in chau de dvaroan ke nirman ki alochana karate hue pashchimi alochak am taur se kaha karate haian ki yah pashchim deshiy meharab ko n apanane ke lie hindoo-shilpiyoan ka duragrah matr tha. vastavikata yah hai ki jahaan upayukt akar aur achchhi qism ka patthar mil sakata ho, vahaan is prakar ka roop madhane ka sabase saral, sabase vyavaharik aur sabase kalapoorn tariqa yahi hai.....'gopal bhavan' ke antarang kaksh is imarat ke uttari, poorvi tatha pashchimi bhagoan mean haian. uttari purobhag ek b de nahane ke talab ke samane p data hai aur bahut-se chhajjoan aur theth bangali chhatavale do vishal khule mandapoan ke karan bahut akarshak tatha adbhut ban gaya hai. yadi vah venis ki vishal nahar ke pas le jakar kh da kiya ja sakata, to ise venis ka sabase anandadayak mahal mana jata.'[2]
- 'gopal bhavan' ke samane ek atyant sundar sangamaramar ka jhoola hai; chatur prekshak havel ne isaka ullekh nahian kiya. isaki sangamaramar ki chauki par patthar ki pachchikari ki gee hai aur us par sanh 1630-31 ka ek farasi lekh hai . apane mahaloan ki shobha badhane ke lie itani sukumar, chatakadar aur parimarjit vastu ki ichchha keval shahajahaan jaise kisi mahanh bhavan-nirmata ki hi ho sakati thi. is hiandole ko soorajamal dilli se bailaga diyoan par ladavakar laya tha. isake sangamaramar ka kahian se ek tuk da bhi nahian toota-yahaan tak ki jis chauki par yah jhoola bana hai, usake charoan or laga bahut hi nazuk sangamaramar ka parada bhi kahian se nahian tootane paya.
- unnisavian shatabdi ke antim dinoan mean in imaratoan ki dekh-rekh je.ech devanish karate rahe the, unhoanne inaki karigari ki sarahana karate hue likha hai - 'pratyek imarat ki yojana bilkul sahi samaroopata ke hisab se bani hai, pratyek aang ka thik vaisa hi pratiroop avashy banaya gaya hai.....divaroan mean bane aloan ki is khoobasoorati se naqqashi ki gee hai ki unhean dekhakar aisa lagata hai ki mano ve kisi udyan ki sundar chhatariyoan ka laghu roop hoan. divar ke arapar khola gaya chhed gumbadadar chhatoan se, jinamean divar ke dharatal par ubharadar naqqashi ki gee hai, milate-julate dhang se sajaya gaya hai..........unaki naqqashidar aur nukili olatiyaan patthar ki nazuk naqqashi ke adbhut namoone haian.' agara aur dilli ke mahaloan se unaki tulana karate hue devanish kahata hai -'doosari or dig mean j dat ka kam agara aur dilli se bhinn prakar ka hai aur sambhavatah adhik kalatmak bhi.' unaki maulikata par usaki tippani hai – 'dig mean jo sangamaramar ka ekamatr bhavan hai, vah barikiyoan ki drishti se musalamani kalakritiyoan se spashtah bhinn hai. isaki sari bhavana hindoo hai. dig ke mahaloan ke nirmataoan ko is bat ki avashyakata bilakul nahian thi ki ve maulikata ke abhav ke karan any imaratoan ki naqal karean ya unhean aur kahian se lakar yahaan kh da karean.'[3]
- bharat ke 'gazetiyar' mean thaurnatan ne likha hai –'apane charam utkarsh ke dinoan mean soorajamal ne ve nirjhar–prasad banavae, jinhean, 'bhavan' kaha jata hai, bharat mean saundary tatha karigari ki drishti se keval agara ka tajamahal hi inase badhakar hai....'
- jems fargyugsan bhi isi nishkarsh par pahuancha hai ki mahal 'apsara–lok ki kritiyaan haian .'[4]
bharatapur ka qila
is qile ko banane ka kam sanh 1732 mean arambh hua. saik doan brahmanoan ko bhojan karaya gaya; govardhan mean shri giriraj maharaj se ashirvad liya gaya. lagabhag ek poora saptah to pooja hi mean lag gaya hoga. ek bar shuroo ho jane ke bad nirman-kary sath varsh tak rooka hi nahian. mukhy qilebandiyaan ath varshoan mean poori ho gee; inamean do khaiyaan bhi sammilit thian– ek to shahar ki baharavali charadivari ke pas thi aur doosari kam chau di, par zyada gahari khaee qile ko ghere hue huee thi. badh ke pani ko rokane aur akal ke samay sahayata pahuanchane ke lie do baandh aur jalashay (tal) banae gaye. yahaan bahudha akal p date rahate the aur yahi hal maleriya, chechak, haija, tatha any anek bimariyoan ka tha. vistar ka kary soorajamal ke pautr ke prapautr maharaj jasavantasianh (san 1853-93) ke rajy-kal tak chalata raha.
- jab yah qila banakar taiyar hua, tab yah hindustan ka sabase ajey qila tha. viman ke avishkar se pahale ise jitana asambhav tha. l aaurd ka asaphal ghera sanh 1805 mean janavari se aprail tak, char mahine p da raha. bharatapur mean aangrejo ki jo apamanajanak har huee, vaisi hindustan mean anyatr kahian nahian huee.
- yah qila kee drishtikonoan se asadharan rachana thi. baharavali khaee lagabhag 250 phut chau di aur 20 phut gahari thi. is khaee ki khudaee se jo malava nikala, vah us 25 phut ooanchi aur 30 phut moti divar ko banane mean laga, jisane shahar ko poori tarah ghera hua tha . isamean das b de-b de daravaze the, jinase avagaman par niyantran rahata tha. unake nam haian– mathura pol (daravaza), viranarayan pol, atalaband pol, nim pol, anah pol, kumher pol, chaand pol, govardhan pol, jaghina pol aur sooraj pol. aj mitti ki chaharadivari jagah-jagah se toot gee hai aur gande anadhikrit makanoan ne use viroop kar diya hai, phir bhi ye daravaze is samay bhi kam kar rahe haian.
- kisi bhi daravaze se ghusane par rasta ek pakki s dak par ja pahuanchata tha, jisake pare bhitari khaee thi, jo 175 phut chau di aur 40 phut gahari thi. is khaee mean patthar aur choone ka farsh kiya gaya tha. donoan or do pul the, jin par hokar qile ke mukhy dvaroan tak pahuanchana hota tha. poorvi daravaze ke kiva d ath dhatuoan ke mishran se bane the, isilie ise 'ashtadhatu dvar' kaha jata hai. maharaja javahar sianh ise dilli se vijay-chihn ke roop mean lae the. mukhy qile ki divarean 100 phut ooanchi thian aur unaki chau daee 30 phut thi. inaka mohara (samanevala bhag) patthar, eeant aur choone ka bana tha, baqi hissa keval mitti ka tha, jis par topoan ki golabari ka koee asar nahian hota tha. qile ke andar ki imaratean donoan prakar ki thian– shobha ki bhi aur kam anevali bhi. ath burj the. inamean sabase ooancha tha javahar burj. is par chadhakar, akash saf ho to, fatehapur sikari ka buland daravaza dekha ja sakata tha. sabhi burjoan par b di-b di topean lagi thian.
- sar jadunath sarakar likhate haian– 'soorajamal ka mukhy lakshy yah tha ki bharatapur ki aisi mazaboot qilebandi kar di jae ki vah bilakul ajey ho aur usake rajy ki upayukt rajadhani ban sake.....in sabhi qiloan mean raksha ki sudridh vyavastha ki gee thian. inamean lootakar ya kharidakar prapt ki gee anaginat chhoti topean lagi thian, b di topean usane svayan dhalavaee thi.'[5]