जाटों का इतिहास

mugal saltanat ke akhari samay mean jo shaktiyaan ubhari; jinhoanne brajamandal ke itihas mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee, un jat saradaroan ke nam itihas mean bahut mashahoor haian . jatoan ka itihas purana hai . jat mukhyatah kheti karane vali jati hai; lekin aurangajeb ke atyacharoan aur nirankush pravritti ne unhean ek b di sainy shakti ka roop de diya . mugaliya saltanat ke ant se aangrezoan ke shasan tak braj man dal mean jatoan ka prabhutv raha . inhoanne braj ke rajanitik aur samajik jivan ko bahut prabhavit kiya . yah samay braj ke itihas mean 'jat kal' ke nam se jana jata hai . is kal ka vishesh mahattv hai .

rajaniti mean jatoan ka prabhav

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braj ki samakalin rajaniti mean jat shaktishali ban kar ubhare . jat netaoan ne is samay mean braj mean anek jagahoan par, jaise sinasini, dig, bharatapur, murasan aur hatharas jaise kee rajyoan ko sthapit kiya . in rajaoan mean dig−bharatapur ke raja mahattvapoorn haian . in rajaoan ne braj ka gaurav badhaya, inhean 'brajendr' athava 'brajaraj' bhi kaha gaya . braj ke itihas mean krishna ( alaberooni ne krishna ko jat hi bataya hai) ke pashchath jin kuchh hindoo rajaoan ne shasan kiya , unamean dig aur bharatapur ke raja vishesh the . in rajaoan ne lagabhag sau saloan tak brajamandal ke ek b de bhag par rajy kiya . in jat shasakoan mean maharaja soorajamal (shasanakal sanh 1755 se sanh 1763 tak )aur unake putr javahar sianh (shasan kal sanh 1763 se sanh 1768 tak )braj ke itihas mean bahut prasiddh haian .

jatoan ke kriyakalap

in jat rajaoan ne braj mean hindoo shasan ko sthapit kiya . inaki rajadhani pahale dig thi, phir bharatapur banayi gayi . maharaja soorajamal aur unake bete javahar sianh ke samay mean jat rajy bahut phaila, lekin dhire dhire vah ghatata gaya . bharatapur, mathura aur usake asapas aangrezoan ke shasan se pahale jat bahut prabhavashali the aur apane rajy ke sampann svami the . ve kar aur lagan vasoolate the aur apane sikke chalate the . unaki takasal dig, bharatapur, mathura aur vrindavan ke atirikt agara aur itava mean bhi thian . jat rajaoan ke sikke aangrezoan ke shasan kal mean bhi bharatapur rajy ke alava mathura mandal mean prachalit the .

aurangazeb aur soorajamal ke poorvaj

kuchh vidvanh jatoan ko videshi vansh-parampara ka manate haian, to kuchh daivi vansh-parampara ka . kuchh apana janm kisi pauranik vanshaj se hua batate haian.

• sar jadunath sarakar ne jatoan ka varnan karate hue unhean "us vistrit vistrit bhoo-bhag ka, jo sindhu nadi ke tat se lekar panjab, rajapootana ke uttari rajyoan aur oopari yamuna ghati mean hota hua chambal nadi ke par gvaliyar tak phaila hai, sabase mahattvapoorn jatiy tattv bataya hai
• sabhi vidvanh ekamat haian ki jat ary-vanshi haian . jat apane sath kuchh sansthaean lekar ae, jinamean sabase mahattvapoorn hai - 'panchayat' - 'paanch shreshth vyaktiyoan ki gram-sabha, jo nyayadhishoan aur jnani purushoan ke roop mean kary karate the .'
• har jat gaanv sam gotriy vansh ke logoan ka chhota-sa ganarajy hota tha, jo ek-doosare ke bilkul saman lekin any jatiyoan ke logoan se svayan ko ooancha manate the . jat gaanv ka rajy ke sath sambandh nirdharit rajasv rashi dene vali ek ardh-svayatt ikaee ke roop mean hota tha . koee rajakiy satta un par apana adhikar jatane ka prayas nahian karati thi, jo koshish karati thian, unhean shidhr hi jnan ho jata tha, ki qile roopi gaanvoan ke viruddh sashastr sena bhejana labhaprad nahian hai .
• svatantrata tatha samanata ki jat-bhavana ne brahman-pradhan hindoo dharm ke samane jhukana svikar nahian kiya, is bhavana ke karan unhean ganga ke maidani bhagoan ke visheshadhikar prapt brahmanoan ki avamanana aur apaman jhelana p da . jatoan ne 'brahmanoan' ( jise vah jyotishi ya bhikshuk manata tha) aur 'kshatriy' ( jo eemanadari se jivika kamana pasand nahian karata tha aur kiraye ka sainik banana pasand karata tha ) ke lie ek dayavan sanrakshak ban gaye . jat janmajat shramik aur yoddha the . ve kamar mean talavar baandhakar khetoan mean hal chalate the aur apane parivar ki raksha ke lie ve kshatriyoan se adhik yuddh karate the, kyoanki akramanakariyoan dvara akraman karane par jat apane gaanv ko chho dakar nahian bhagate the . agar koee vijeta jatoan ke sath durvyavahar karata, ya usaki striyoan se chhe dachha d ki jati thi, to vah akramanakari ke kafiloan ko lootakar usaka badala leta tha . usaki apani khas dhang ki desh-bhakti videshiyoan ke prati shatrutapoorn aur sath hi apane un deshavasiyoan ke prati dayapoorn, yahaan tak ki tiraskarapoorn thi jinaka bhagy bahut-kuchh usake sahas aur dhairy par avalambit tha .
• profesar qanoon goan ne jatoan ki sahaj lokatantriy pravritti ka ullekh kiya hai . 'aitihasik kal mean jat-samaj un logoan ke lie mahanh sharanasthal bana raha hai, jo hinduoan ke samajik atyachar ke shikar hote the; yah dalit tatha achhoot logoan ko apekshakrit adhik sammanapoorn sthiti tak uthata aur sharan mean ane vale logoan ko ek sajatiy ary dhaanchean mean dhalata raha hai. sharirik lakshanoan, bhasha, charitr, bhavanaoan, shasan tatha samajik sanstha-vishayak vicharoan ki drishti se aj ka jat nirvivad roop se hinduoan ke any varnoan ke kisi bhi sadasy ki apeksha prachin vaidik aryoan ka adhik achchha pratinidhi hai .'
• aurangazeb ke shasak banane ke kuchh hi samay ke andar jat aankh ka kaanta ban ge . unaka nivas mukhyatah shahi paragana tha, jo 'mote taur par ek chaukor pradesh tha, jo uttar se dakshin ki or lagabhag 250 mil lamba aur 100 mil chau da tha .' yamuna nadi isaki vibhajak rekha thi, dilli aur agara isake do mukhy nagar the . isamean vrindavan, gokul, govardhan aur mathura mean hinduoan ke dharmik tirthasthan tatha mandir bhi the . poorv mean yah ganga ki or phaila tha aur dakshin mean chambal tak, ambala ke uttar mean paha doan aur pashchim mean maroosthal tak . " inake rajy ki koee vastavik simaean nahian thian . yah ilaqa kahane ko samrat ke sidhe shasan ke adhin tha, parantu vyavahar mean yah kuchh saradaroan mean banta hua tha . yah zaminean unhean, unake sainikoan ke bharan-poshan ke lie di gee haian . jat-log 'dabang' dehati the, jo sadharanataya shant hone par bhi, usase adhik rajasv dene vale nahian the, jitana ki unase jabaradasti aiantha ja sakata tha; aur unhoanne mitti ki divarean banakar apane gaanvoan ko aise qiloan ka roop de diya tha, jinhean keval topakhane dvara jita ja sakata tha ."

itihas mean jat

itihasakaroan ne jatoan ke vishay mean nahian likha .

• javaharalal neharoo, ke.em panikkar ne jatoan ke mukhy nayak soorajamal ke nam ka ullekh bhi nahian kiya .
• t aaud ne aspasht likha hai . jatoan mean itihas–buddhi lagabhag nahian hai . jat itihas mean kuchh deri se ate haian aur javaharasianh ki mrityu (san 1768) ke bad se sanh 1805 mean bharatapur ko jitane mean l aaurd lek ki har tak unaka vaibhav kam hota jata hai .
• muslim itihasakaroan ne jatoan ki prashansa nahian ki . brahman aur kayasth lekhak bhi likhane se katarate rahe . dosh jatoan ka hi hai . unaka itihas atulaniy hai, par jatoan ka koee itihasakar nahian hua . deshabhakti, sahas aur virata mean unaka sthan kisi se kam nahian hai .
• fadar vaiandel likhate haian, - 'jatoan ne bharat mean kuchh varshoan se itana tahalaka machaya hua hai aur unake rajy-kshetr ka vistar itana adhik hai tatha unaka vaibhav itane tho de samay mean badh gaya hai ki mugal samrajy ki vartaman sthiti ko samajhane ke lie in logoan ke vishay mean jan lena avashyak hai, jinhoanne itani khyati prapt kar li hai . yadi koee un viplavoan par vichar kare jinhoanne is shatabdi mean samrajy ko itane prachand roop se jhakajhor diya hai, to vah avashy hi is nishkarsh par pahuanchega ki jat, yadi ve inake ekamatr karan n bhi hoan, to bhi kam-se-kam sabase mahattvapoorn karan avashy haian .'
• agara aur dilli mean jab tak shaktishali shasan raha, jat shantipoorvak rahe . ve apani zamin jotate, malaguzari dete aur sena mean sainik ke roop mean apane adamiyoan ko bhejate. isi udasinata ke karan itihasakar bhi unako upekshit karate rahe .
• dakshin kshetr mean yuddh mean hone ke karan aurangazeb sanh 1681-1707 tak dilli na a saka . aurangazeb ke putr, varishth senanayak aur salahakar aurangazeb ke sath hi ge the . dvitiy shreni ke nayakoan ko dilli ka shasan kary karane ke lie dilli mean rakha gaya tha . tatkalin shasan door se kiya jata raha . dakshin ke yuddh se rajakosh khali ho gaya . samrat ke sainik malagujari ke lie kisanoan ko tang karate the, jo kisan malaguzari nahian dete the, unase malagujari vasool karane ki shakti shasan mean nahian thi . aurangazeb ki aisi paristhati se shahi paragane mean jatoan ko vidroh panapa . kahavat kahi jati hai ki " jat aur ghav, bandha hua hi bhala ."
• adhikari svechchhachari ho ge the . mathura aur agara janapad ke jat atyachar aur avyavastha ko jhelate rahe . sthaniy faujadar, murshidakulikhaan turkaman nich, aur vyabhichari tha . usake shasanakal mean koee sundar mahila surakshit nahian thi . krishna janmashtami par govardhan mean bahut b da mela lagata tha . murshidakulikhaan hinduoan ka vesh dharan karake ,mathe par tilak lagakar mele mean bhi d mean mil jata tha aur jaise hi koee sundar stri dikhaee deti thi use vah "bhe do ke rev d par bhe diye ki tarah jhapatakar le bhagata aur use nav mean, jise usake adami nadi ke kinare taiyar rakhate the, dalakar tezi se agare ki or chal p data . hindoo bechara (sharm ke mare) kisi ko n batata ki usaki beti ka kya hua ."is prakar ke vyabhichar se janata mean shasan ke prati akrosh ubalane laga .
• aurangazeb ko jab is ka pata chala to usane ek dharmanishth muslim abdunnabi khaan ko mathura zile ka faujadar banaya jisase shanti sthapit ho sake . abdunnabi khaan ko adesh diya gaya ki vah moorti-pooja ko band kar de . vah sanh 1660 se 1669 tak, lagabhag das varsh is pad par bana raha . abdunnabikhaan hinduoan ke lie bahut hi kathor tha, usane mathura ke madhy mean keshavadev mandir ke jirn bhag par masjid banavane ka nirnay kiya . atyachar lagatar hote rahe .

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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