ओलम्पिक आयोजन

olampik ayojan
olampik ka pratik chihn|200px|center
vivaran	olampik khel antarrashtriy star par ayojit hone vali bahu-khel pratiyogita hai.
sarvochch niyantran nikay	antarrashtriy olampik samiti (aeeosi ya IOC)
shuruat	san 1896 mean (etheans)
prakar	grishmakalin olampik khel, shitakalin olampik khel, pairalampik khel
sanbandhit lekh	olampik 2016, eshiyaee khel
any janakari	prachin olampik mean mukkebazi, kushti, ghu dasavari ke khel khele jate the. khel ke vijeta ko kavita aur moortiyoan ke jarie prashansit kiya jata tha. har char sal par hone vale olampik khel ke varsh ko olanpiyad ke nam se bhi jana jata tha.
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etheans (1896)

pahale adhunik olampik khel yoonan ki rajadhani etheans mean 1896 mean ayojit kie ge. ek bar to aisa laga ki vittiy samasyaoan ke karan etheans se ye khel nikalakar hangari ki rajadhani budapest chale jaeange. pahale yah tay hua tha ki pahale adhunik olampik khel 1900 mean peris mean ayojit hoange, lekin char sal pahale hi olampik kheloan ke ayojan ke lie etheans ko chuna gaya, halaanki khel shuroo hone se pahale hi yoonan ganbhir vittiy sankat mean phans gaya tha. us sal hangari apani hazaravian salagirah manane ki taiyari raha tha aur usane yoonan ki jagah apane yahaan olampik ayojit karane ki peshakash ki. lekin aisa hua nahian, yoonan ke rajakumar ne olampik ayojan samiti ka gathan kiya aur usake bad samiti ko b di matra mean sahayata rashi mili. pahale adhunik olampik kheloan mean sirf 14 deshoan ke 200 logoan ne 43 muqabaloan mean hissa liya. zyadatar muqabaloan mean mejaban desh ke khila diyoan ne hissa liya. pramukh muqabaloan mean shamil the- tenis, traik eand fild, bharottolan, saikiliang, kushti, tirandazi, tairaki aur jimnastik. kriket aur futab aaul pratiyogitaean isalie radd kar dian geean, kyoanki in muqabaloan mean hissa lene vali timoan ki kami thi. muqabale mean jitane valoan ko silvar medal, ek pramanapatr aur oliv ke patte die jate the. doosare nanbar par ane vale khila diyoan ko kaansy padak die jate the, jabaki tisare nanbar par ane vale khila diyoan ko khali hath lautana p data tha. pahale olampik padak vijeta banean amarika ke jems breandan konoli. unhoanne tripal janp mean 13.71 mitar chhalaang lagakar jit hasil ki thi. yoonani logoan ke zabaradast utsah ke karan pahale adhunik olampik kheloan ko kafi saphal ayojan mana gaya.

peris (1900)

1896 ke bad peris ko olanpik ki mejabani ka iantazar nahian karana p da aur use 1900 mean mauqa mil hi gaya. peris olanpik kheloan mean pahali bar mahila ethalitoan ko bhi apana damakham dikhane ka mauqa mila, lekin qarib ek hazar pratiyogiyoan mean sirf 20 mahilaean thian. is bar bhi olanpik ke ayojan ko lekar vivad hua. yoonan ne dava kiya ki use bhavishy ke sabhi olanpik kheloan ke ayojan ka haq hai, lekin olanpik samiti ne 1894 ke apane prastav ko adhar mana aur peris ko chuna. yoonan aur turki ke bich chal rahe yuddh ke karan bhi yoonan ka kes kamazor p d gaya. peris mean olanpik to ayojit ho ge, lekin yoonan jaisa utsah yahaan ke logoan mean dekhane ko nahian mila, kyoanki unhean n to itane b de ayojan ki soochana thi aur n ayojan karane valoan ne is par dhyan hi diya. lekin jo log dekhane ae, unhean bhi apani us samay apani jan nikalati mahasoos huee, jab diskas thro ke chaianpiyan hangari ke rudolf baoor ki disk tin par darshakadirgha mean jakar giri. peris olanpik mean bhag lene vale deshoan ki sankhya bhi 14 se badhakar 28 ho gee aur muqabale badhakar 75. lekin ek bar phir mejaban desh ke ethalit hi poore olanpik ke dauran apane pradarshan ke lie charchit rahe. halaanki kee vijetaoan ke nam aur unaki rashtriyata ko lekar saloan tak vivad banean rahe. peris olanpik ka pahala padak jita kanada ke j aaurj aaurtan ne, lekin saloan tak isaki janakari isalie nahian mil paee kyoanki aaurtan amarikan vishvavidyalay ki or se ae the aur unhean amariki khila di ke roop mean darj kiya gaya tha. kriket, k aaurket, naukayan pahali bar olanpik mean shamil kie ge, lekin kee pratiyogiyoan ko to yah bhi maloom nahian tha ki ve olanpik mean hissa le rahe haian. peris olanpik ke bare mean ek aur rochak bat ye ki olanpik mee mean shuroo hue the aur aktoobar mean khatm hue.

seant luee (1904)

seant luee ko olanpik ke ayojan mean vahi samasyaean aeean jo char pahale peris ke samane kh di hueean thian. kyoanki thik isi samay varld feyar chal raha tha. darasal olanpik ki mejabani di gee thi shikago ko, lekin seant luee ke ayojakoan ne dhamaki di ki ve ek samaantar pratiyogita ka kareange. bad mean amariki rashtrapati roojavelt aur aantararashtriy olanpik samiti ne dakhal dekar shikago ki jagah seant luee mean olanpik khel karane ko manzoori de di. lekin sadhe char mahine chale olanpik kheloan mean janata ki ruchi zyada nahian dikhi. adhunik olanpik kheloan ke sansthapak piya d kubartaan bhi yahaan nahian pahuanche. amarika ane-jane ke kharch ke karan pratiyogiyoan aur bhag lene vale deshoan ki sankhya mean b di giravat aee. kee muqabale to aise the, jinamean sirf amariki khila di hi hissa le rahe the aur zahir tha is olanpik khel mean ve hi chhae rahe. traik eand fild muqabaloan mean bhi amariki khila diyoan ka dabadaba bana raha, lekin ayarish khila di th aaumas kaili ne sanyukt muqabale mean jit hasil ki yah muqabala bad mean dekethal aaun bana. us samay b da aantar yahi tha ki dekethal aaun mean shamil sabhi 10 muqabale ek hi din mean poora karana p data tha. amariki jimnast eantan haida ne paanch svarn aur ek rajat padak jita aur is olanpik ke sabase saphal khila di bane, lekin yoorop mean yahi bhavana thi ki yah olanpik bhi saphal nahian ban paya.

landan (1908)

1908 mean olanpik ki mejabani sauanpi gee thi rom ko, lekin ayojan par lagane vala kharch 1906 mean mauant visooviyas jvalamukhi ke visphot ke karan doosari jagah lagana p da. tab landan ne age akar mejabani ki peshakash ki aur sirf 10 mahinoan ke aandar vhait siti mean ek bhavy stediyam bana. yah pahala olanpik khel tha, jisamean ethalitoan mean apane desh ke jhande ke sath stediyam mean march past kiya. 100 muqabaloan aur 2000 se zyada pratiyogiyoan ke karan landan olanpik ka star bahut achchha tha, lekin phir bhi yah olanpik vivadoan se achhoota nahian raha aur deshoan ki apasi pratidvandvita ke karan yah olanpik kee katu yadean bhi chho d gaya. amariki tim ne mejaban desh par arop lagaya ki usake dvara niyukt jaj usaka paksh le rahe haian. bad mean aantararashtriy olanpik samiti ne ghoshana ki ki vah bhavishy mean kee deshoan ke jajoan ko olanpik mean mauqa degi. in sabake bavajood ek mauqe par khel bhavana bhi dekhane ko mili. griko roman kushti ke midilavet varg mean fainal hua svidan ke frithiyof martensan aur mauritz eandarasan ke bich. lekin martensan ke bimar hone ke karan maich ek din tala gaya. bad mean martensan ne khitabi jit hasil ki. landan olanpik mean kul 21 pratiyogitaean shamil ki geean. aees sketiang aur baisikil polo pahali bar ayojit hue, lekin sabase zyada dhyan khiancha mairathan dau d ne. itali ke dorando pietri stediyam mean pahuanchane vale pahale dhavak the, lekin ve kee bar gire aur bad mean unhean us samay ayogy ghoshit kar diya gaya, jab kuchh adhikariyoan ne unhean 'finishiang lain' par karane ki koshish ki. bad mean amarika ke j aaun hes ne yah dau d jiti.

sk aautahom (1912)

st aaukahom olanpik mean muqabaloan ki sankhya ghatakar 14 rah gee, lekin ek nee pratiyogita ayojit huee peantethal aaun. peantethal aaun mean shamil the- ghu dasavari, fensiang, tairaki, nishanebazi aur kr aaus kantri raniang. is olanpik mean dabadaba qayam kiya amariki khila di jim thorp ne. thorp ne peantethal aaun aur dekethal aaun ne asani se jit hasil ki. svidan ke raja gustav pancham ne jim thorp ko duniya ka mahanatam ethalit kaha, lekin thorp ki pratishtha par us samay prashnachinh lag gaya, jab pata chala ki unhoanne besab aaul khelane ke lie paise lie the. darasal us samay olanpik mean unhian khila diyoan ko jagah milati thi jo gair peshevar the. aantararashtriy olanpik samiti (aeeosi) ne thorp ka padak is adhar par vapas le liya ki unhoanne olanpik ke niyamoan ka ullanghan kiya hai. thorp duniya ke pahale aise khila di banean, jinhean peshevar khila di hone ke karan apane padak se hath dhona p da. lekin 1982 mean thorp ki maut ke 29 sal bad aeeosi ne unhean adhikarik roop se kshama kar diya. yah us mahanh ethalit ko sachchi shraddhaanjali thi jise mahanatam ethalitoan mean se ek chuna gaya tha. finalaiand ke haines kolehamainen ne saphalata ki ek aur kahani gadhi. unhoanne 5000, 10,000 aur 12,000 mitar kr aaus kantri mean tin svarn padak jite. yah lanbi door ki dau d pratiyogita mean finalaiand ke varchasv ki shuruat thi, jo lagabhag 30 saloan tak chali. st aaukahom olanpik isalie bhi yadagar raha ki isamean pahali bar samay ka pata lagane ke lie ilektr aaunik upakaran ka istemal hua. st aaukahom olanpik mean hi pahali bar mahilaoan ne tairaki muqabale mean hissa liya. 4x100 mitar rile mean briten ne svarn padak jita.

beljiyam (1920)

vishv yuddh ke karan 1916 mean olanpik kheloan ka ayojan nahian hua, lekin 1920 mean beljiyam ke eantavarp ko mejabani ka mauqa mila. halaanki vishv yuddh ki pi da beljiyam ko bhi jhelani p di thi, lekin isake bavajood ayojakoan ne zaroori vyavastha poori kar li. vishv yuddh mean shamil hone ke karan jarmani, aaustriya, bulgariya, hangari aur turki ko olanpik ka nyota nahian diya gaya, lekin phir bhi isamean b di sankhya mean ethalitoan ne hissa liya. eantavarp olanpik se hi olanpik kheloan ka adhikarik jhanda samane aya. is jhande mean apas mean ju de paanch goloan ko dikhaya gaya jo ekata aur mitrata ka pratik haian. pahale olanpik ki tarah is olanpik mean bhi deshoan ke bich shaanti pradarshit karane ke lie kabootar u dae ge. dau d muqabaloan mean finalaiand ne amarika ke varchasv ko chunauti di. henes kohemenan aur pavo nurami ne apana damakham dikhaya. donoan ne milakar do svarn aur ek rajat padak jite. kisi dakshin amariki desh ne pahali bar 1920 mean svarn padak jita. brazil ke gilaherm paireans ne raipid fayar pistal pratiyogita mean gold medal jita. doosari or amarika ke vili li ne char aur l aauyad spoonar ne paanch svarn padak jite. amarika ke ailin rigin sabase kam umr mean svarn jitane vale khila di banean. unhoanne gotakhori mean gold medal jita sirf 14 varsh aur 119 din ki ayu mean. 1500 mitar mean briten ke filip noel bekar ne silvar medal jita aur bad mean ve briten ke emapi bhi bane. 1959 mean ve pahale aise olanpiyan banean, jinhean 'nobel shaanti puraskar' se navaza gaya.

peris (1924)

1924 ka olanpik pahale emsatardam mean ayojit hona tha, lekin olanpik samiti ke adhyaksh piya d kubartaan ke prabhav ke karan ye khel akhirakar ayojit hue peris mean. kubartaan ko ummid thi ki is bar peris ke olanpik poori tarah saphal hoange. darasal 1900 mean peris mean hue olanpik ne sabako nirash kiya tha. kubartaan ki koshishoan ke bavajood jarmani ko ek bar phir olanpik mean shamil hone ki anumati nahian mili, lekin 1920 olanpik mean shamil nahian kie ge any char deshoan ko shamil kar liya gaya. 1924 olanpik mean pahali bar ek ashvet khila di ne vyaktigat muqabale mean svarn padak jita. amarika ke viliyam di hart hubard ne lanbi kood mean jit hasil ki. unake pratidvandvi 7.76 mitar chhalaang lagakar lanbi kood mean vishv rik aaurd banaya, lekin unhoanne yah pradarshan peantethal aaun mean kiya aur unhean kaansy padak se santosh karana p da. finalaiand ke khila diyoan ne ek bar phir madhyam doori ki dau d pratiyogitaoan mean apana dabadaba sabit kar dikhaya. pavo noorami ne paanch svarn padak jite. inamean se do to unhoanne ek ghante ke aantaral par jite. noorami ko apani is upalabdhi ka eenam bhi mila, jab unaki ek pratima helasianki stediyam ke bahar lagaee gee. is olanpik mean to tenis muqabale rakhe ge, lekin isake bad ise olanpik kheloan mean jagah nahian di gee. tenis pratiyogita ek bar phir 60 sal bad siyol olanpik mean hi shamil ki gee. peshaver khila diyoan ke prati apane a diyal rukh vali olanpik samiti ko ab is par sandeh hone laga ki kya vakee olanpik mean sirf peshevar khila di hi shamil ho rahe haian. tairaki ki fri stail mean j aauni vaijamoolar ne tin svarn padak jite. unhoanne purushoan ke vatar polo mean bhi kaansy padak jita. bad mean vaijamoolar filmoan mean tarjan ki bhoomika ke lie charchit rahe.

nidaralaind (1928)

kee bar asaphal koshishoan ke bad 1928 mean nidaralaiand ko olanpik ki mejabani mil hi gee. pratham vishv yuddh ke bad pabandi jhel rahe jarmani ko is olanpik mean khelane ka mauqa mil gaya. jarmani par 16 sal pratibandh lage rahe. is olanpik se hi olanpik mashal jalane ki prakriya shuroo huee jo poore olanpik ke dauran jalati rahati thi. olanpik ke sansthapak kahe jane vale piya d kubartaan 20 saloan mean pahali bar bimari ke karan kisi olanpik khel dekhane nahian ja sake. kubartaan ki apattiyoan ke bavajood traik eand fild pratiyogitaoan mean pahali bar mahila khila diyoan ne hissa liya. halaanki sirf paanch muqabaloan mean hi ve shamil ho paeean. jarmani ki lina radake baishar apane desh ke lie traik eand fild muqabaloan mean sirf doosara svarn jitane vali khila di banian. unhoanne 800 mitar mean jit hasil ki. lekin mahilaoan ki is dau d mean kam pratiyogiyoan ke shamil hone, kuchh ke bich mean hi dau d chho d dene ke karan olanpik samiti ne is pratiyogita ko 1960 olanpik tak tal diya. is olanpik mean bhi do khila di chhae rahe. pahale the pavo noorami, jinhoanne tin aur gold jite. doosare the j aauni vaijamoolar, jinhoanne tairaki mean apana jalava dikhaya. bharatiy h aauki tim ne isi olanpik mean pahali bar svarn padak jita aur ise dekhane ke lie 50,000 log jute. misr ke ibrahim mustafa griko roman kushti mean svarn jitane vale pahale gair yooropiy khila di bane. lujiniya jiyavoti sabase kam umr mean padak jitane vali khila di banian, jinhoanne jimnastik mean 11 varsh aur 302 din ki ayu mean rajat padak jitakar rik aaurd banaya jo abhi bhi qayam hai.

l aaus eanjeles (1932)

l aaus eanjeles mean 1932 mean olanpik khel ayojit to hue, lekin us samay duniyabhar mean arthik sankat mandara raha tha. aantararashtriy olanpik samiti (aeeosi) ne khila diyoan ke ane-jane aur khane ka prabandh karake ayojan ke kharch ko kam karane ki koshish ki. ane-jane ka kharch us samay vivad mean a gaya, jab mahanh pavo noorami ko olanpik mean shamil hone se rok diya gaya. aeeosi ne paya ki noorami gair peshevar khila di vale anubandh ko to d rahe haian. noorami ne apane ane-jane ke kharch ka dava kiya aur usi kharch se jarmani mean ek pratiyogita mean shamil hone chale ge. lekin noorami ek bar phir olanpik paridrishy mean ubhare, jab unhoanne 1952 ke helasianki olanpik mean mashal jalaee. 1932 olanpik mean kee takaniki sudhar hue aur kee ne upakaranoan ko azamaya gaya. pahali bar is olanpik photo finish kaimara istemal hua. is olanpik mean tin vijetaoan ke lie alag-alag podiyam pahali bar astitv mean ae.

barlin (1936)

aantararashtriy olanpik samiti ke samane sabase b di samasya thi ki badhate nazivad ke karan olanpik ka ayojan barlin mean ho paega ya nahian. lekin thik ek sal pahale barlin mean shitakalin olanpik ayojit hue the aur unaki saphalata se aeeosi ka utsah badha. kee deshoan khasakar amarika ne barlin olanpik ke bahishkar ki peshakash ki, lekin gair hazir raha sirf spen vo bhi apane grih yuddh ke karan. olanpik ka udaghatan kiya edolf hitalar ne aur kee timoan ne unhean nazi sailyoot bhi diya, lekin udaghatan samaroh se briten aur amarika ki timean anupasthit rahian. barlin olanpik ke star rahe amarika ke ashvet khila di jesi ovans. ovans ne char svarn padak jite. unhoanne 100 mitar, 200 mitar, lanbi kood mean svarn jita aur 4 guna 100 mitar rile dau d mean bhi ve amariki tim mean shamil the, jisane gold jita tha. jarmani ki tim medal talika mean sabase oopar rahi. usane 33 svarn jite. amarika ke hisse mean 24 aur hangari ke hisse mean 10 svarn padak ae. doosare vishv yuddh ke karan isake bad lanbe samay tak olanpik ayojit nahian hue.

dvitiy vishv yuddh ke bad

1950 ke dashak mean soviyat-amerika pratispardha ke khel ke maidan mean ane ke sath hi olanpik ki khyati charam par pahuanch gee. isake bad to khel kabhi bhi rajaniti se alag nahian hua. khel keval rajaniti ka vishay nahian rahe. ye rajaniti ka aham hissa ban ge. chooanki soviyat sangh aur amerika jaisi mahashaktiyaan kabhi nahian khule taur par ek doosare ke sath yuddh ke maidan mean bhi d nahian sakian. lihaja unhoanne olanpik ko apani shreshthata sabit karane ka madhyam bana liya. amerika ke poorv rashtrapati j aaun eph. kenedi ne ek bar kaha tha ki aantariksh yan aur olanpik svarn padak hi kisi desh ki pratishtha ka pratik hote haian. shit yuddh ke kal mean aantariksh yan aur svarn padak mahashaktiyoan ka sabase b da uddeshy banakar ubhare. b de khel ayojan is shaanti yuddh ka aang ban ge aur khel ke maidan yuddhasthaloan mean parivartit ho ge. soviyat sangh ne varsh 1968 ke maiksiko olanpik mean padakoan ke ho d mean amerika ke hathoan mili har ka badala 1972 ke myoonikh olanpik mean chukaya. soviyat sangh ki 50vian varshagaanth par vahaan ke log kisi bhi kimat par amerika se harana nahian chahate the. isi ka natija tha ki soviyat ethalitoan ne 50 svarn padakoan ke sath kul 99 padak jite. yah sankhya amerika dvara jite ge padakoan se ek tihaee jyada thi. sal 1980 mean amerika aur usake pashchim ke mitr rashtroan ne 1980 ke m aausko olanpik mean shirakat karane se inakar kar diya. isake bad hisab chukane ke lie soviyat sangh ne 1984 ke l aaus eanjalis olanpik ka bahishkar kar diya. sal 1988 ke siyol olanpik mean soviyat sangh ne ek bar phir apani shreshthata sabit ki. usane 132 padak jite. isamean 55 svarn the. amerika ko 34 svarn sahit 94 padak mile the. amerika poorvi jarmani ke bad tisare sthan par raha. varsh 1992 ke barsilona olanpik mean bhi soviyat sangh ne apana varchasv kayam rakha. halaanki us vakt tak soviyat sangh ka vighatan ho chuka tha. ek sanyukt tim ne olanpik mean hissa liya tha. isake bavajood usane 112 padak jite. isamean 45 svarn the. amerika ko 37 svarn ke sath 108 padak mile the. sal 1996 ke atalaanta aur 2000 ke sidani olanpik mean roos (soviyat sangh ke vibhajan ke bad ka nam) gair adhikarik aank talika mean doosare sthan par raha. 2004 ke etheans olanpik mean use tisara sthan mila. bijiang olanpik 2008 ko ab tak ka sabase achchha ayojan mana ja gaya hai. pandrah din tak chale olanpik kheloan ke dauran chin ne na sirf apani shanadar mezabani se logoan ka dil jita balki sabase zyada svarn padak jit kar bhi itihas racha. pahali bar padak talika mean chin sabase oopar raha. jabaki amarika ko doosare sthan se hi santosh karana p da. bharat ne bhi olanpik ke itihas mean vyaktigat spardhaoan mean pahali bar koee svarn padak jita aur use pahali bar ek sath tin padak bhi mile.

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bahari k diyaan

• olampik ka itihas