ज्वालाकाच
jvalakach (aangrezi: Obsidian) rayolait[1] namak jvalamukhi shila ka atyant kachiy roop hai. at: rasayanik evan khanij sanrachana mean jvalakach rayolait athava grenait ke samatuly hai, parantu aantar ke drishtikon se bhautik sanrachana evan bahy roop mean donoan mean paryapt bhinnata hai.
paribhasha
jvalakach vastut: prakritik kach ka doosara nam hai. navin paribhasha ke anusar "jvalakach us sthool, apekshakrit saghan parantu pray: jhavaan ki bhaanti dikhane vale, gahare bhoore ya kale, saanvale, pile ya chitakabare kach ko kahate haian, jo to dane par sookshm shankhabh vibhang[2] pradarshit karata hai. is shila ka yah vishesh gun hai.[3]
khoj v namakaran
prachin kal mean jvalakach ka prayog hota tha aur vartaman samay mean bhi apane bhautik gunoan evan rasayanik sanrachana ke karan isaka prayog ho raha hai. abhi hal tak amarika ki red iandiyan jati apane banoan aur bhaloan ki nok isi shila ke tej tuk doan se banati thi. plini ke anusar aaubsidiyanas namak vyakti ne eethiyopiya desh me sarvapratham is shila ki khoj ki thi. at: isaka nam 'aaubsidiyan' p da. j aaunahil (1746 ee.) ke anusar eantiyant jati is shila par p aaulish chadhakar darpan ke roop mean isaka upayog karati thi. inaki bhasha mean aaubsidiyan ka jo nam tha, vah kalaantar mean laitin bhasha mean kramash: 'aaupasiyanas', 'aaupasidiyanas' tatha 'aauvasidiyanas'[4] likha jane laga. shabd ki vyutpatti pray: poornataya vismrit ho chuki hai, evan bhramavash yah man liya gaya hai ki aaubsidiyan nam usake avishkarta aaubsidiyanas ke nam par p da.
kachiy roop
sadharanat: rayolait ke kachiy roop ko hi aaubsidiyan kahate haian, parantu trekait[5] athava desait namak jvalamukhi amlashail[6] bhi atyant tivr gati se shital hokar prakritik kach ko janm dete haian. par aise shailoan ko 'trephait' ya 'desait' aaubsidiyan kahate haian.[3]
rang tatha ghanatv
sookshmadarshi yantr se dekhane par jnat hota hai ki aaubsidiyan shail ka adhikaansh bhag kaanch se nirmit hai. isake aantaravesh mean anumanibhasphat[7] dekhe ja sakate haian. in manibhoan ke vishesh vinyas se spasht abhas milega ki kabhi 'shailamool' ya 'maigma'[8] mean pravahashilata thi. shila ka gahara rang inhian sookshm sphatoan ke bahuly ka pratiphal hai. kabhi-kabhi aaubsidiyan dhabbedar ya dharidar bhi hota hai. 'spheroolait' to is shail ka samany lakshan hai. jvalakaanch ka apekshik ghanatv 2.30 se 2.58 tak hota hai.
kachiy shilaoan ki utpatti
aaubsidiyan sadrishy kachiy shilaoan ki utpatti aise shailamooloan ke dridhibhavan ke phalasvaroop hoti hai, jinaki sanrachana sphatik[9] evan kshariy phailaspar[10] ke 'yootekatik mishranoan ke nikat ho. 'yootekatik mishran' do khanijoan ke aviral samanupat ki vah sthiti hai, jab tap ki ek nishchit avastha mean donoan ghatakoan ka ek sath manibh banane lage. yootekatik bianduoan ke nikat is prakar ke shailamool paryapt shyan[11] ho uthate haian. phalasvaroop ya to manibhikaran poornat: avaruddh ho jata hai, ya atishay badhapoorn avastha mean sanpann hota hai. tivr gati se shital hone ke karan aise shailoan ka udbhav hota hai jo pray: poornat: kachiy hote haian.[3]
prapti sthan
aaubsidiyan kliph, yaloston park, sanyukt rajy amarika mean 75' se 100' mote lava staraeean ke roop mean aaubsidiyan milata hai. bharat mean giranar evan pavagadh ke lava staroan se aaubsidiyan ki prapti prachur matra mean hoti hai.
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