भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस से पूर्व की स्थिति
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bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki sthapana se poorv is disha mean kiye gaye mahattvapoorn prayasoan ke antargat 1 march, 1883 ko e.o. hyoom ne kalakatta vishvavidyalay ke snatakoan ke nam ek patr likha, jisamean unhoanne sab se milajulakar svadhinata ke lie prayatn karane ki apil ki. is apil ka shikshit bharatiyoan par achchha prabhav p da. ve ek akhil bharatiy sangathan ki avashyakata mahasoos karane lage. is disha mean nishchit roop se pahala qadam sitambar, 1884 mean uthaya gaya, ab 'adayar' (madras) mean thiyosofikal sosaiti ka varshik adhiveshan hua. is adhiveshan mean hyoom sahit dada bhaee nauroji, surendr nath banarji adi shamil hue. isi ke bad 1884 ee. mean 'indiyan neshanal yooniyan' namak deshavyapaki namak deshavyapi sangathan sthapit hua. is sangathan ki sthapana ka pramukh uddeshy bharatiy logoan dvara desh ki samajik samasyaoan ke sambandh mean vichar vimarsh karana tha. isi samay hyoom ne tatkalin vayasaray lard dapharin se salah liya aur aisa mana jata hai ki indiyan neshanal kaangres 'dapharin' ke hi dimag ki upaj thi. dapharin bhi chahata tha ki bharatiy rajanitijn varsh mean ek bar ekatr ho jahaan par ve prashasan ke karyo ke dosh evan unake nivaranarth sujhavoan dvara sarakar ke prati apani vastavik bhavana prakat karean, taki prashasan bhavishy mean ghatane vali kisi ghatana ke prati satark rahe. hyoom dapharin ki yojana se sahamat ho gaya. is sangathan ki sthapana se poorv hyoom ianglaind gaye, jahaan unhoanne ripan, dalahauji jan vrait evan sleg jaise rajanitijnoan se is vishay par vyapak vichar-vimarsh kiya. bharat ane se pahale hyoom ne ianglaind mean bharatiy samasyaoan ke prati british sansad ke sadasyoan mean ruchi paida karane ke uddeshy se ek 'bharat sansadiy samiti' ki sthapana ki. bharat ane par hyoom ne 'indiyan neshanal yooniyan' ki ek baithak mumbee mean 25 disambar, 1885 ko ki, jahaan par vyapak vichar vimarsh ke bad indiyan neshanal yuniyan ka nam badalakar 'indiyan neshanal kaangres' ya 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' rakha gaya. yahian par is sanstha ne janm liya. pahale isaka sammelan pune mean hona tha, parantu vahaan haija phail jane ke karan sthan parivartit kar mumbee mean sammelan ka ayojan kiya gaya.
bharatiy rashtriy sangh ki sthapana
| sthapana | 28 disambar, 1885 ko dopahar 12 baje |
|---|---|
| sthan | mumbee (gokuladas tejapal sanskrit k aaulej ka bhavan) |
| sansthapak | elan akteviyan hyoom |
| adhyaksh | vyomesh chanhdr banarji |
'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' mean kul 72 sadasy the, jinamean mahattvapoorn the- dadabhaee nauroji, firojashah mehata, dinasha edalaji vacha, kashinatha tailang, vi. raghavachary, en.ji. chandravarakar, es.subramanyam adi. isi sammelan mean dadabhaee nauroji ke sujhav par 'bharatiy rashtriy sangh' ka nam badalakar 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' rakh diya gaya tha. 'bharatiy rashtriy sangh' (kaangres ki poorvagami sanstha) ki sthapana ka vichar sarvapratham dapharin ke dimag mean aya tha. kaangres ke pratham adhiveshan mean surendranath banarji ne hissa nahian liya tha. 1916 mean lala lajapat ray ne yang indiya mean ek lekh mean likha hai ki "kaangres lard dapharin ke dimag ki upaj hai." kaangres ke bare mean vishesh tippani - "vah janata ke us alpasankhyak varg ka pratinidhitv karati hai jisaki sankhya sookshm hai." - dapharin
"kaangres apani maut ki or gh diya gin rahi hai, bharat mean rahate hue meri ek sabase b di ichchha hai ki mai use shaantipoorvak marane mean madad kar sakooan." - vayasaray karjan
"kaangres ke log padoan ke bhookhean hai" - bankimachandr chatarji
"yadi ham varsh mean ek bar medhak ki tarah tarraye to hamean kuchh nahian milega." - tilak
ashvini kumar datt ne kaangres adhiveshanoan ko "tin dinoan ka tamasha" kaha
vipinachandr pal ne kaangres ko "yachana sanstha" ki sanjna di hai.
uddeshy
deshahit ki disha mean prayatnashil bharatiyoan mean paraspar sampark evan mitrata ko protsahan dena, desh ke andar dharm, vansh evan praant sambandhi vivadoan ko khatm kar rashtriy ekata ki bhavana ko protsahit karana, shikshit varg ki poorn sahamati se mahattvapoorn evan avashyak samajik vishayoan par vichar vimarsh karana tatha yah nishchit karana ki ane vale varsho mean bharatiy janakalyan ke lie kis disha mean kis adhar par kary kiya jay.
prastav
| varsh | sthal | adhyaksha |
|---|---|---|
| 1917 ee. | kalakatta | eni besent |
| 1925 ee. | kanapur | sarojani nayadoo |
| 1933 ee. | kalakatta | nalini sen gupta |
| 1982 ee. | nee dilli | iandira gaandhi |
| 1983 ee. | kalakatta | iandira gaandhi |
samamlan mean laye gaye kul 9 prastavoan ke dvara sangathan ne apani maange sarakar ke sammukh prastut ki. ye prastav the
- bharatiy shasan vidhan ki jaanch ke lie ek 'rayal kamishan' ko niyukt kiya jay
- ianglaid mean karyarat 'indiya kauansil' ko samapt kiya jay
- prantiy tatha kendriy vyavasthapika ka vistar kiya jay
- indiyan sivil sarvis pariksha ka ayojan bharat evan ianglaind donoan sthanoan par kiya jay aur isake sath hi umr ki adhikatam sima 19 se badhakar 23 varsh ki jay
- sainy vyay mean katauti ki jay
- barma, jis par adhikar kar lene ki alochana ki gee thi, ko alag kiya jay
- samast prastavoan ko sabhi pradeshoan ki sabhi rajanitik sansthaoan ko bheja jay, jisase ve inake kriyanvayan ki maang kar sakean
- kaangres ka agala sammalen kalakatta mean bulaya jay.
bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki sthapana
bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki sthapana par vibhinn vidvanoan ne apana mat prakat kiya. lala lajapat ray ne apani pustak 'yang iandiya' mean likha hai ki 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' ki sthapana ka mukhy karan yah tha ki isake sansthapakoan ki utkantha british samrajy ko chhinn-bhinn hone se bachane ki thi. hyoom ke jivanikar vedarabarn ne likha hai hai ki bharat mean asantosh ki badhati huee shaktiyoan se bachane ke lie ek abhayadip ki avashyakata hai aur kaangresi andolan se badhakar abhayadip namak doosari koee chiz nahian ho sakati. rajanipam datt ne apani pustak indiya tude mean likha hai ki 'kaangres ki sthapana british sarakar ki ek poorv niyojit gupt yojana ke anusar ki gayi." eni beseant ne likha hai ki "rashtriy kaangres ka janm matribhoomi ki raksha hetu 17 pramukh bharatiyoan tatha hyoom ke dvara hua."
bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke sansthapak elan akteviyan hyoom sk aautalaiand ke nivasi the. indiyan sivil sarvis mean hyoom ne kafi varshoan tak kee mahattvapoorn padoan par kary kiya. ve 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' ke mahamantri pad par niyukt hue jis par unhoanne 1906 ee. tak kary kiya. unhean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke pita ke nam se bhi jana jata hai . unhoanne bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki sthapana se poorv kalakatta vishvavidyalay ke snatakoan ko ek marmasparshi patr likha tha jisaka kuchh aansh is prakar hai - "bikhare hue vyakti kitane hi buddhiman tatha achchhe ashay vale kyoan n ho, akele to shaktihin hi hote haian. avashyakata hai sangh ki, sangathan ki aur karravaee ke lie ek nishchit aur spasht pranali."
'apake kandhoan par rakha hua jua tab tak vidyaman rahega, jab tak ap is dhruv saty ko samajh kar isake anusar kary karane ko udyat n hoangean ki atm balidan aur niahsvarth karm hi sthayi sukh aur svatantrata ka achook margadarshan hai.'
1859 mean hyoom ne lokamitr nam ka samachar-patr ke prakashan mean sahayog diya. 1870 se 1879 ee. tak inhoanne lephtineant garvanar ke pad ko isalie asvikar kar diya kyoanki is pad par rah kar ve bharatiyoan ki sachche man se seva nahian kar sakate the. 1885 ee. ke bad lagabhag 22 varshoan tak unhoanne kaangres mean sakriy sadasy ki bhoomika nibhayi. lala lajapat ray ne hyoom ke bare mean likha hai ki ' hyoom svatantrata ke pujari the aur unaka hday bharat ki nirdhanata tatha durdasha par rota tha.' yahaan par yah manane mean koee bhram nahian raha ki hyoom nishpaksh evan nyayapriy vyakti the, unhoanne bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke prati apani bahumooly tatha mahanh sevayean arpit ki.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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