भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

bharatiy arthavh‍yavash‍tha kray shakti samanata ke adhar par duniya mean chauthi sabase b di arthavh‍yavash‍tha hai. yah vishal janashakti adhar, vividh prakritik sansadhanoan aur sashakh‍t vrihat arthavh‍yavash‍tha ke moolabhoot tath‍voan ke karan vh‍yavasay aur nivesh ke avasaroan ke sabase adhik akarshak gantavh‍yoan mean se ek hai. varsh 1991 mean aranbh ki gee arthik sudharoan ki prakriya se samh‍poorn arthavh‍yavash‍tha mean phaile nitigat dhaanche ke udarikaran ke madhh‍yam se ek niveshak anukool parivesh milata raha hai. bharat ko azad hue 59 sal ho chuke haian aur is dauran bharatiy arthavyavastha ki dasha mean zabaradast badalav aya hai. audyogik vikas ne arthavyavastha ka roop badal diya hai. aj bharat ki ginati duniya ki sabase tezi se badhati arthavyavasthaoan mean hoti hai. vishv ki arthavyavastha ko chalane mean bharat ki bhoomika badhati ja rahi hai. aeeti sॅktar mean poori duniya bharat ka loha manati hai.

vriddhi aur nishh‍padan

duniya ke bazar mean bharatiy arthavh‍yavash‍tha ki vriddhi aur nishh‍padan ko vibhinh‍n arthik pairamitaroan ke jarie pradan ki gee saankhyikiy soochana ke sandarbh mean bataya gaya hai. udaharan ke lie sakal rashh‍triy uth‍pad (jienapi), sakal ghareloo uth‍pad (jidipi), nival rashh‍triy uth‍pad (enenapi), prativh‍yakti ay, sakal ghareloo pooanji nirman (jidisieph) adi arthavh‍yavash‍tha ke rashh‍triy ay kshetr se sanbandhit vibhinh‍n soochak haian. ye manavi ichh‍chhaoan ki santushti ke lie isaki uth‍padakata sahit arthavh‍yavash‍tha ka ek vh‍yapak paridrishh‍y pradan karate haian.

vikas dar

bharatiy rizarv baiank ne aprail mean apani varshik niti par jari bayan mean bharat mean varsh ki vikas dar 7.5-8.0 phisadi ke bich rahane ki ummid jataee hai. 27 aktoobar 2006 ko khatm hue saptah mean videshi mudra bhandar karib 167.092 arab d aaular tak pahuanch gaya. sone ka bhandar 6.202 arab dalar tak pahuanch gaya hai. kabhi videshi sansthanoan se karj lene vale bharat ne varsh 2003 mean aantararashtriy mudra kosh ko karz dene ki ghoshana ki. varsh mean pratyaksh videshi nivesh mean 33.8 phisadi ki vriddhi huee. hal hi mean sanyukt rashtr ne bhi ek riport jari ki hai jisamean kaha gaya hai ki agale do saloan tak bharat mean ath phisadi ki dar se vikas hota rahega. audyogik kshetr mean ath, seva kshetr mean 8.5 pratishat ki vikas dar rahegi. bharat ki arthavyavastha mean udyog aur seva kshetr mean sabase zyada vikas hua hai . varsh mean dasavian panchavarshiy yojana shuroo hone ke bad se in donoan kshetroan mean salana sat phisadi ya usase zyada ki dar se vikas hua hai. bharatiy arthavyavastha ke majaboot hone ka ek aur praman jani-mani aantarrashtriy salahakar sanstha praisavatar haus koopars ya pidablyoosi ki ek riport kahati hai ki 2005 se 2050 ke bich chin ki arthavyavastha ka akar doguna ho jaega. sath hi isamean ye bhi kaha gaya hai ki bharat duniya ki sabase tezi se badhati arthavyavastha bana rahega. pi dablyoo si ki riport kahati hai ki tab tak bharat aur brazil japan aur jarmani ko pichhe chho dakar doosare aur tisare nanbar ki arthavyavastha ban jaeange. pichhale kuchh saloan mean bharatiy arthavyavastha mean kafi tezi aee hai. badhati vikas dar ke alava bharatiy arthavyavastha se ju de kee sakaratmak pahaloo samane ae haian. in sakaratmak pahaloooan mean se ek aham pahaloo hai- bharatiy sheyar bazar mean jari mazabooti ka daur.

sheyar soochakaank

bharat mean march mean sheyar soochakaank 6493 raha jo ki march 2006 mean 11,280 par pahuanch gaya aur is par pratiphal mila 73.7 pratishat. vartaman me yah 13,000 ke aitihasik star ko par gaya hai. sheyar bazar ne sirf 16 kary divasoan mean hi 11 hazar se 12 hazar tak ki ooanchaee prapt kar li. is avadhi ke dauran bharatiy sheyar soochakaank ne duniya ke any sheyar soochakaankoan ke muqabale adhik gati prapt ki hai. aank doan ke hisab se ubharate hue sheyar bazaroan mean bharat ka bazar sabase joradar pratiphal vala sabit ho raha hai. bharatiy arthavyavastha mean ek aur mahattvapoorn kshetr baiankiang hai. bharat ke tezi se vikasit hote madhyavarg ke chalate baiankiang khase munafe ka karobar ho gee hai. kul kharidi gee karoan ki assi phisadi karean karz lekar kharidi ja rahi haian. das sal pahale makan malik banane ki ausat ayu 45 sal thi lekin ab ausatan 32 sal ki umr mean hi kisi baiank se lie ge karz ki badaulat makan malik ban jate haian . tamam nee baiankiang suvidhaoan ka vikas ho raha hai. kul milakar baiankiang kshetr ke munafe ane vale kuchh saloan mean teji se badheangean.

vyapar aur vanijy

bharat mean arabapatiyoan ki sankhya tezi se badh rahi hai jo yah dikhata hai ki vyapar aur vanijy ke kshetr mean desh tezi se age badh raha hai. pratishthit phorbs patrika mean prakashit ek riport ke anusar arabapatiyo ki sankhya me 15 pratishat ki vridghi huee hai aur ab kul 793 arabapati hai aur eshiya mean bharat agrani banakar ubhara hai. vishv arthavyavastha mean aee uchhal ke karan bharat mean arabapatiyo ki sankhya mean alekh mean badhottari huee hai. is sarve ke anusar bharat mean 23 arabapati haian jinake pas bharatiy sakal ghareloo utpad ka 16 pratishat hissa hai. isaka yah arth nikala ja sakata hai ki bharatiy arthavyavastha ki sehat behatar ho rahi hai. ik aaun aaumik taims ke byooro chif em.ke. venu ka manana hai ki bharat me pahale se kahian zyada avasar upalabdh haian.

krishi kshetr mean vikas dar

pichhale kuchh saloan mean krishi kshetr mean vikas dar do se tin pratishat ke bich rahi hai. varsh 2002-03 mean krishi kshetr mean vikas dar shoony se bhi kam thi. 2003-2004 mean isamean zabaradast uchhal aya aur ye 10 phisadi ho gee lekin 2004-2005 mean vikas dar phir ludhak gee aur aisi ludhaki ki 0.7 phisadi ho gee. arthik pragati mean is visangati ko keandr sarakar bhi svikar karati hai. keandriy vitt rajy mantri pavan kumar bansal kahate haian, "krishi pichhe hai isamean koee do ray nahian. agar vikas dar ko 10 phisadi karana hai to krishi mean bhi char phisadi ki dar se vikas karana hoga." bharat mean logoan ko rojagar avasar muhaiya karavane, kisanoan ki sthiti behatar banane aur niryat badhane mean bagavani kshetr ka b da hath hai. varsh 2003-04 mean phaloan aur sabzioan ki paidavar mean bharat vishv mean doosare nanbar par tha. phaloan, phooloan aur sabziyoan ki kheti mean niryat mean bhi kafi sanbhanaean haian.

bajat

varsh 2006 ke march mahine mean briten ka am bajat pesh kiya gaya. bajat mean britani vitt mantri ke bhashan ka ek mukhy aansh kuchh yooan tha, "bharat aur chin se milane vali k di pratispardha ka matalab hai ki ham hath par hath dhar kar nahian baithe rah sakate" isase pahale amariki rashtrapati bush ne bhi apane aham rashtriy bhashan mean kaha, "ham hath par hath dhar kar nahian baith sakate. duniya ki arthavyavastha mean ham bharat aur chin jaise ne pratiyogi dekh rahe haian."

udyogo mean nirman, khanan aur bijali kshetr agrani rahe haian. jabaki seva kshetr ki bat karean to isamean mote taur par tin kshetr age haian- baiankiang, bima aur riyal aistet jinamean 9.5 phisadi ke dar se vikas hua hai. lekin audyogik vikas ke bavajood in 59 saloan mean ek tathy jo nahian badala hai vo ye hai ki aj bhi bharat ke 65 se 70 phisadi log rozi-roti ke lie krishi aur krishi adharit kamoan par nirbhar haian.

videshi nivesh

arthavyavastha mean ek or seva kshetr aur videshi nivesh jaise pahaloo jahaan mahaul sakaratmak hai. doosari taraf hai madhyam varg ki arthavyavastha jimasean apar sanbhavanaean haian lekin kee tarah ki pareshaniyaan bhi haian aur tisare star par hai ek aisa varg jisaka oopar ke do vargoan se koee lena dena nahian hai, unaki samasyaean shayad vaisi ki vaisi rahane vali haian.

audyogik aur seva kshetr mean vikas ki badaulat bharat mean vikas ki ga di tezi se dau d to rahi hai lekin abhi bhi usake samane kee tarah ki chunautiyaan haian. bharat mean kee jagahoan mean ab bhi s dak, bijali, pani aur svasthy jaisi moolabhoot zarooratoan ki kami hai aur ye tasvir sirf gaanvoan ki hi nahian blaki dilli, bangalaur aur mumbee jaise shaharoan ki bhi hai. in moolabhoot zarooratoan ke abhav mean udyog aur seva sॅktar mean jari vikas itani hi gati se barakarar rah paega. ye bhi ek b da saval hai. lihaza farrate se dau d rahe vikas ke gho de ko agar lanbe res ka gho da banana hai to adharabhoot dhaanche, s dak, bijali aur pani jaisi moolabhoot zarooratoan ki sahi khurak sahi samay par ise dete rahana hoga.

soochakaank

keaudyogik kshetr mean audyogik uth‍padan ka soochakaank arthavh‍yavash‍tha mean audyogik gatividhi ke samanh‍y sh‍tar ko mapane ka ek ala pratinidhi aank da hai. yah audyogik uth‍padan ka param sh‍tar aur pratishat vriddhi mapata hai. desh mean moolh‍y ki gati ko thok moolh‍y soochakaank (dabh‍lh‍yoopiaee) tatha upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank (sipiaee) dvara pradarshit kiya jata hai. thok moolh‍y soochakaank ko thok bazar mean kharidi – bechi gee vash‍tuoan ke ausat moolh‍y star mean badalav ko mapane mean kiya jata hai. jabaki upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank mean upabhokh‍taoan ke vibhinh‍n vargoan mean khudara moolh‍y gati ko vichar mean liya jata hai. arthavh‍yavash‍tha mean vibhinh‍n samajik-arthik samoohoan ka shamil karate hue char upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank haian. ye char moolh‍y soochakaank haian: –

• audyogik kamagaroan ke lie upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank (sipiaee-aeedabh‍lh‍yoo)
• krishi shramikoan ke lie upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank (sipiaee-eel)
• gramin shramik ke lie upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank (sipiaee-arel)
• shahari akushal karmachariyoan ke lie upabhokh‍ta moolh‍y soochakaank (sipiaee-yooenemee).

aise sabhi arthik soochakaank n keval arthavh‍yavash‍tha vartaman nishh‍padan ka vishh‍leshan karate haian balki bhavi vriddhi sanbhavanaoan ke anuman aur poorvanuman mean bhi sahayata dete hai.

maudrik yog

mudra apoorti ke upayoan mean se char pramukh maudrik yog, jo maudrik kshetr ki sthiti darshate haian, is prakar haian:-

1. em1 (sankirn dhan) = janata ke pas maujood mudra + janata ki maang par jama
2. em2 = janata ke pas maujood mudra + janata ki maang par jama + dakakhane mean jama rashi
3. em3 (sh‍thool dhan) = janata ke pas maujood mudra + janata ki maang par jama + janata dvara baiankoan mean savadhi jama
4. em4 = janata ke pas maujood mudra + janata ki maang par jama + janata dvara baiankoan mean savadhi jama + dakakhane mean kul jama.

bharat ke vibhinn rajyoan ki arthavyavastha

bharat ke vibhinn rajyoan ki arthavyavastha nimn hai:-

arunachal pradesh ki arthavyavastha

mukhy lekh : arunachal pradesh ki arthavyavastha

• san 2004 mean arunachal pradesh ka sakal ghareloo utpadan 706 miliyan d aaular ke lagabhag tha.
• arthavyavastha mukhyat: krishi pradhan hai.
• arunachal pradesh ka lagabhag 61000 varg kilomitar ka bhag ghane jangaloan se bhara hai, aur vany utpad rajy ki arthavyavastha ka doosara mahattvapoorn bhag hai.

uttar pradesh ki arthavyavastha

mukhy lekh : uttar pradesh ki arthavyavastha

uttar pradesh ki arthavyavastha ke nimn sadhan haian-

sansadhan

arthik taur par uttar pradesh desh ke atyadhik alpavikasit rajyoan mean se ek hai. yah mukhyat: krishi pradhan rajy hai aur yahaan ki tin-chauthaee (75 pratishat) se adhik janasankhya krishi karyoan mean lagi huee hai. rajy mean audyogikikaran ke lie mahattvapoorn khanij evan oorja sansadhanoan ki kami hai. yahaan par keval silika, choona patthar v koyale jaise khanij padarth hi ullekhaniy matra mean pae jate haian. isake alava yahaan jipsam, maignetait, f aausforait aur b aauksait ke alp bhandar bhi pae jate haian.

gujarat ki arthavyavastha

mukhy lekh : gujarat ki arthavyavastha

gujarat ki jalavayu sanbandhi pratikool paristhiyaan, mrida aur jal ki lavanata aur chattani ilaqe aisi bhautik samasyaean haian, jinhoanne gujarat ki krishi gatividhiyoan ko avaruddh kiya. rajy zyadatar sianchaee par nirbhar hai. bhoojal ki upayogi ko badhane ki avashyakata hai, kyoanki bhoomigat jal star lagatar girata ja raha hai. yah avashyak hai ki narmada nahar pranali ka parichalan sianchaee ke lie ho. mukhy khady fasaloan mean jvar-bajara, chaval aur gehooan shamil haian. gujarat mean naqadi fasaloan ka utpadan mahattvapoorn hai. gujarat kapas, tanbakoo aur mooangaphali ka utpadan karane vale desh ka pramukh rajy hai tatha yah kap da tel aur sabun jaise mahattvapoorn udyogoan ke lie kachcha mal upalabdh karata hai.

jammoo aur kashmir ki arthavyavastha

mukhy lekh : jammoo aur kashmir ki arthavyavastha

• jammoo aur kashmir ke adhikaansh log jivan nirvah ke lie krishi mean lage haian aur chaval, makka, gehooan, jau, dalean, tilahan tatha tambakoo sidhinuma paha di dhalanoan par ugate haian.
• kashmir ki ghati mean b de-b de bagoan mean seb, nashapati, adoo, shahatoot, akharot aur badam ugae jate haian.
• kashmir ki ghati bharatiy upamahadvip ke lie ekamatr kesar utpadak hai.
• goojar aur gaddi khanabadoshoan ke dvara bhe d, bakari, y aauk v khachcharoan ka palan aur rritu pravas kiya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh