अपकृति

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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apakriti (tart), isaka prayog qanoon mean kisi aise apakar athava kshati ke arth mean hota hai jisaki apani nishchit visheshataean hoti haian. mukhy visheshata yah hai ki usaka pratikar kshatipoorti ke dvara sanbhav ho.

visheshataean

apakriti ki visheshataean nimnalikhit haian-

  1. apakriti kisi vyakti ke adhikar ka atikraman athava usake prati kisi any vyakti ke kartavy ka ullanghan hai.
  2. isaka pratikar vyavaharavad dvara ho sakata hai.
  3. ianglaiand mean sanh‌ 1885 ee. ke poorv apakriti ka pratikar samany qanoon ke aantargat hua karata tha.

vidhipranali

aangrezi vidhipranali mean 'tart' shabd ka prayog narman tatha rangevin samratoan ke rajyakal mean praranbh hua. sanh‌ 1896 ee. ke poorv pray: paanch shatabdiyoan tak apakriti ka pratikal samrat ke lekh par nirbhar raha. apakriti sanbandhi aangreji qanoon adhikaansh mean vadajanit vidhi ke roop mean milata hai yadyapi gat shatabdi ke praranbh mean kuchh anuvidhi bhi banae ge. atev sarabhoot vidhi ke roop mean apakriti qanoon ka vikas adhunik kal mean hua.

bharat mean aangreji vidhipranali apanaee jane ke bahut pahale, sudoor atit mean, apakriti sanbandhi qanoon ke praman milate haian. manu, yajnavalky, narad, vyas, brihaspati tatha katyayan ki smritiyoan mean apakriti sanbandhi hiandoo vidhipranali ka adhar milata hai. hiandoo tatha aangreji apakriti-vidhi-pranali mean ek mahatvapoorn aantar yah hai ki hiandoo pranali mean kshatipoorti dvara pratikar keval tabhi sanbhav hai jab arthik kshati huee ho, n ki agraman ya manahani ya parastrigaman ke mamaloan mean. muslim vidhipranali mean apakriti qanoon ka kshetr aur bhi adhik sankirn ho gaya. usamean hiansatmak karyo mean dand diya jata tha, keval sanpatti ke baladgrahan ke mamaloan mean kshatipoorti ke niyam the.

siddhaant evan prakriya

apakriti tatha aparadh ke siddhaant evan prakriya donoan mean aantar hai. apakriti kshati ya kartavy ka vah ullanghan hai jisaka sanbandh vyakti se hota hai aur vah vyakti apakaroan dvara kshatipoorti ka adhikari hata hai. parantu aparadh lokakartavy ka ullanghan samajha jata hai aur isake lie samaj athava rajy aparadhi ko dand deta hai. kshati ke kee drishtaant aise haian jo apakriti tatha aparadh donoan shreniyoan ke aantargat ate haian; jaise akraman apamanalekh ya chori. kabhi-kabhi koee kshati keval aparadh ki shreni mean rakhi ja sakati hai; jaise sarvajanik badha, aur isake thik viparit katipay kshatiyaan keval apakriti ki shreni mean ati haian; jaise anadhikar pravesh. apakriti tatha aparadh sanbandhi prakriya mean yah aantar hai ki apakriti ke mamale ka vad vyavahar nyayalay mean prastut kiya jata hai parantu aparadhik mamaloan ka abhiyog dand nyayalay mean chalata hai.

vadi adhikar

apakriti mean vadi ka adhikar sadharan vidhi ke aantargat prapy adhikar hai parantu sanvidabhang ke mamale mean pakshoan ke adhikar evan kartavy sanvida ke upabandhoan ke anusar hi hote haian. sanvida mean pray: kshatipoorti ki rashi bhi nishchit ho jati hai aur kshatipoorti siddhaant roop mean dand n hokar keval sanvida ke upabandh ka palan matr hai.

roop

apakriti ke anek roop haian. mool shabd 'tart' ka sarvajanik roop mean arth yahi hai ki sidhe evan saral marg ka atikraman. apakriti ke pramukh roop ye haian: sharirik kshati, jaise aghat, akraman ya mithya karavas, sanpatti sanbandhi apakar, jaise anadhikar pravesh, sarvajanik badha, manahani, dveshapoorn abhiyojan, dhokha athava chhal tatha vividh adhikaroan ki kshati.[1]


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tipanni aur sandarbh

  1. san.gran.-samand an tarts, 12vaan sanskaran; es. ramasvami ayyar: di l aau aauv tarth‌s.
  1. ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 131 |

sanbandhit lekh

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bharat mean nyay vyavastha
parichay
uchch nyayalay
mukhy nyayadhish
any

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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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