काग़ज़ उद्योग

thumb|250px|kagaz mil kagaz udyog bharat mean prachin kal se hi kutir udyog ke star par kiya jata raha hai. kagaz udyog kachcha mal adharit udyog hai evan isake lie baans, vrikshoan ki lak diyaan, ghas, ganne ki khoee, kap de adi ka prayog kiya jata hai. 2007-08 mean bharat mean 4260 hazar mitrik tan kagaz ka utpadan kiya gaya. desh ke 50 pratishat kagaz ka utpadan chhoti ikaeeyoan dvara kiya jata hai. jabaki shesh utpadan 30 b di ikaiyaan karati haian. bharat kagaz ke utpadan mean atmanirbhar nahian hai, visheshakar akhabari kagaz mean. atah hamean apani avashyakatapoorti ke lie narve, svidan, kanada, japan, halaind, jarmani, adi deshoan se kagaz ka ayat karana p data hai.[[chitr:Lekhan-Samagri-12.jpg |thumb|chin ke han rajavansh (206 ee. poo.-220 ee.) mean kagaz banane ki prakriya
1. pe d ki chhal ya san ko pani mean bhigona
2. lugadi ko ubalana
3. ubali lugadi se kagaz banana
4. kagaz ko garm karake sukhana]]

kagaz ka avishkar

chin mean kagaz eesa ki arambhik sadiyoan mean upalabdh hua. kagaz ke avishkar ka shrey vahaan ke tsai-lun namak vyakti ko diya jata hai. vah prachin chin ke poorvi han vansh (20-220 ee.) ke rajadarabar mean vastuoan ke utpadan ka adhikari tha. pata chalata hai ki tsai-lun ne pe doan ki chhal, san ke chith doan aur machhali pak dane ke jaloan se kagaz banane ke tariqe ki 105 ee. mean rajadarabar ko janakari di thi. parantu naye prapt pramanoan se pata chalata hai ki tsai-lun se kam se kam do sau sal pahale kagaz ki janakari milati hai. magar resham, baans aur kashth-phalakoan jaisi paramparagat lekhan-samagri ke sthan par vahaan kagaz ka vyapak istemal eesa ki chauthi sadi se hi sambhav ho saka.[[chitr:Lekhan-Samagri-15.jpg|thumb|left|saanganer (jayapur ke nazadik) mean hath-kagaz ka nirman]]

kagaz ke karakhane

• adhunik dhang ka pahala karakhana sanh 1716 mean chennee ke samip trankavar namak sthan par d aau. viliyam kore dvara sthapit kiya gaya jo saphal nahian ho saka.
• isi prakar 1870 mean hugali nadi ke kinare ek karakhana lagaya gaya, jo punah asaphal ho gaya.
• kagaz udyog ka prathamatah saphal karakhana 1879 mean lakhanoo mean lagaya gaya aur 1881 mean titagadh mean bhi saphal karakhana laga.
• 2000-01 mean bharat mean kagaz udyog ke karakhanoan ki sankhya 515 thi jo vartaman mean badhakar 600 se adhik ho gee.

kagaz nirman ke kendr

• pashchim bangal rajy ka bharat mean kagaz utpadan mean sarvopari sthan hai. yahaan is udyog ka pramukh kendr hai-titagadh, raniganj, neehati, triveni, kolakata, hugali, b da nagar, baraberiya, shivaraphooli adi.
• andhr pradesh mean kagaz ki 15 milean hai. jisake mukhy kendr hai- rajamahendri, sirapur, kagaz nagar, tirupati adi.
• uttar pradesh mean sikandarabad, merath, saharanapur, piparaich, muzaffaranagar, pilakhua, lakhanoo, naini (ilahabad) adi sthanoan par kagaz banane ke karakhanean sthapit haian.
• bihar mean dalamiyaan nagar, patana, barauni, samastipur (jitavarapur).
• jharakhand mean santhal paragana adi sthanoan par kagaz banane ki milean sthapit hai.
• madhy pradesh mean hoshangabad, mandodvip (sihor), amalaee (shahadol) tatha bhopal mean kagaz banane ki milean sthapit hai. yahaan ke nepanagar mean akhabari kagaz banane ka sarakari karakhana sthit hai.
• tamilanadu rajy mean kagaz banane ka pramukh karakhana pattipalayam (maduree zila) mean hai.
• maharashtr rajy mean pune, mumbee, ballapur, chandrapur, kalyan, khopoli, karad, pimpari, bhivandi, roha, kampati, adi sthanoan par kagaz banane ke karakhanean sthapit haian.
• gujarat mean bapi, soorat, b dodara, bilimora, rajakota, barajoda, doogarabapi, udava da, gangadhara adi sthanoan par 27 miloan mean kagaz ka nirman kiya jata hai.
• kagaz udyog ke any kendr karnatak, hariyana, pandicheri, chandigadh adi sthanoan par hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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