जलविमान
jalaviman (aangrezi: Hydroplane) ek prakar ki nav hai, jo any navoan se bhinn hoti hai. samany nav mean visthapit jal ka bhar nav ke bhar ke samatuly hota hai. samany nav ko age badhane ke liye dhakka dena p data hai, jisase jal mean pratirodh utpann hone se nav age badhati hai, par jalaviman mean aisa nahian hota.
banavat
jalaviman aisa bana hota hai ki usaka ek ya ek se adhik nat samatal, jo peande mean bane hote haian, jal ke pratidabav se nav ko oopar uthakar tivr chal se chalate haian. isase jal ke sansarg vala tal kam ho jata hai, par shesh bhag par dabav badh jata hai. navean jab kh di rahati haian, tab ve dravasthaitik bal[1] par adharit hoti hai. jab ve jal ka sparsh karake chalati haian, tab dravasthaitik bal pray: shoony hota hai aur usaka adhar pradhanat: dravagatik prabhav hota hai. jalavibhan ki chal ianjan shakti se chalane vali navoan se adhik hoti hai, athava usi chal ke liy kam shakti vale ianjan ki avashkata p dati hai. 1953 ee. se jalaviman ki chal mean barabar vriddhi ho rahi hai.
itihas
jalaviman ka vichar pahale-pahale saseks ke ek aangrez padari revareand charls midan reman[2] ke man mean 1870 ee. mean utha tha, par halke ianjan ke abhav mean ve use vyavaharik roop n de sake. bad mean jab petrol ianjan ka upayog shuroo hua, tab jalaviman ka vichar phir utha aur 1906 ee. mean pahala rikochet jalaviman[3] bana. is jalaviman ka peanda chapata tha aur nati ke upayukt kon se isaka utarana sanbhav ho saka. any prakar ke jalavimanoan ke peande anuprasth kat[4] mean chapate the, par unaka akar are ke sadrish lanba tha aur unamean anek nat samatal the.
navoan ke sanbandh mean sar j aaun th aaurnikr aaupht[5] anek prayog kar rahe the. unhoanne jalaviman taiyar karane ki sanbhavanaoan par vichar kiya aur anukool pratit hone par jalaviman taiyar karane ki sanbhavanaoan par vichar kiya aur anookool pratit hone par jalaviman taiyar karane mean lag ge. unaka jalaviman ekapadiy nav thi, jo do nam samataloan se bani thi. in donoan samataloan par usaka bhar banta hua tha. amarika mean phaibar[6] aur j aaurj krauch[7] ne aise hi jalaviman banae. phir ekapadiy jalaviman ka vyavahar vyapak roop se hone laga, yadyapi dvipad ya bahupad kism ke bhi viman bane. san 1950 ke lagabhag aise jalaviman banean, jinamean koee pad nahian tha. aisi navoan ke peande 'V' akar ke hote the aur pichhala bhag[8] cho da hota jata tha.[9]
1930 ee. ke lagabhag amarika mean ek naye prakar ka jalaviman bana, jisaka vikas aidolph apel[10] ne kiya tha. yah tin sanketak[11] jalaviman tha. yah tribhujakar tin samataloan se bana hua tha. dvitiy vishvayuddh ke bad ek ne prakar ka jalaviman bana, jisamean nodak arohi[12] laga hua tha. isase jalaviman ki chal aur bhi adhik badh gee hai.
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