सड़क परिवहन
[[chitr:Mumbai-Pune-Expressway-Khandala.jpg|thumb|250px|pune-mumbee s dak marg, khandala]] s dak parivahan ne bharat ke samajik evan arthik vikas mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhayi hai. kam evan madhyam dooriyaan tak ke lie yah yatayat ka sarvadhik sugam evan sasta sadhan bhi haian. vastav mean yah seva parivahan ke any sadhanoan ki sahayak hai, kyoki isaki vishvasaniyata, shighrata, lachilapan evan daravaze tak pradan ki jane vali suvidha kafi mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhati hai. bharat mean bhautik visheshataoan ke karan rel parivahan ek sima tak hi kiya sakata hai. atev s dakoan ka mahattav apane ap badh jata hai. isaka sabase mahattvapoorn bindoo savariyoan ki sankhya mean lagatar hone vali vriddhi hai. 1950-51 mean jahaan desh mean kul 34,000 basean evan 82,000 trakean thi, vahian varsh 1990-91 mean inaki sankhya badhakar kramashah 1,91,73,168 tatha 12,89,250 ho gayi. march, 1997 mean bharat mean s dako ki kul lambaee badhakar 33 lakh 40 hazar kimi ho gee hai. inamean 65,754 kimi rashtriy rajamarg tatha 1,29,431 kimi rajy rajamarg 4,70,000 kimi mukhy zila s dake aur lagabhag 26,50,000 kimi any zila aur gramin s dakean shamil haian. rashtriy rajamargo ki kul lambaee mean se 32 pratishat ekal (siangal) len/madhyavarti len, lagabhag 55 pratishat manak 2- len or shesh 13 pratishat 4- len vali athava usase jyada chau di s dakean hai.
s dakoan ke varg
bharat mean prabandhan ke adhar par s dakoan ko tin vargo mean rakha jata hai-
- rashtriy mahamarg
- rajy mahamarg
- simavarti s dake
s dakoan ka nirman
rajyoan ki s dako ka nirman, rakh rakhav adi rajy sarakaroan evan sangh shasit kshetroan dvara sampann hota hai. rajyoan ke gramin kshetroan mean nyoonatam avashyakata karyakram (em.en.pi.) ke antargat s dakoan ka vikas kiya ja raha hai. isaka uddeshy 1500 ya isase adhik abadi vale sabhi gaanvo ko har mausam mean chaloo rahane vale margo se jo dana hai.
simavarti s dako ka nirman evan prabandhan sima s dak vikas bord dvara kiya jata hai. is bord ka gathan bharat ke uttari tatha purvottar kshetr ke simavarti ilakoan mean s dak parivahan ka samanvit tatha tivr vikas karake bharat ke arthik vikas ko tej karane tatha pratiraksha sambandhi taiyariyoan ko mazabooti pradan karane ke lie san 1960 mean kiya gaya tha. vartaman mean isaki vikas sambandhi gatividhiyaan rajasthan, jammoo-kashmir, himachal pradesh, uttar pradesh, sikkim, asam, meghalay, nagalaind, tripura, manipur, mijoram, arunachal pradesh, bihar, andaman nikobar dvip samooh tatha bhootan mean bhi prarambh ki ja rahi haian. isake atirikt sima s dak sangathan bhi bharat ke simavarti kshetroan mean thal sena ki sahayata ke lie tivr gati se s dakoan evan havaee pattiyoan ka nirman karane ki bhoomika nibhata hai. isaka kary vibhagiy roop mean poora kiya jata hai. 31 march, 2005 tak sima s dak sangathan dvara lagabhag 40,450 kimi lambe s dak margo ka nirman kiya ja chuka tha. vartaman mean bharat mean rajyavar s dako ki kul lambaee talika mean darshit hai.
rashtriy rajamarg
thumb|350px|rashtriy rajamarg ka manachitr bharat mean ahamadabad aur b dodara ko 6- path eksapres marg se jo da gaya hai. rashtriy rajamargoan ke nirman, prabandhan evan rakh-rakhav ki zimmedari bharat sarakar dvara nibhayi jati hai. inaka niyantran kendriy lok nirman vibhag (si.pi.dablyoo.di.) dvara kiya jata hai. vartaman mean rashtriy rajamarg pranali ke antargat kul 65,754 kimi lambi s dakean shamil haian. halaanki rashtriy rajamargoan ki kul lambaee bharat ki s dakoan ki kul lambaee matr 2 pratishat hi haian. kintu ye sampoorn bharat ke s dak parivahan ka lagabhag 40 pratishat yatayat sampann karati hai. bharat mean kul 75 (14 any prastavit) rashtriy rajamarg haian, jisamean sabase lamba rashtriy rajamarg sankhya 7 haian, jo varanasi se kanyakumari tak jata haian. s dako ka sabase jyada lambaee maharashtr (2.45 lakh kimi) mean hai.
rashtriy rajamarg vikas karyakram
bharat mean arthik vikas ko badhava dene ke uddeshy se sarakar ne dasavian panchavarshiy yojana (2002-2007) ke dauran vyapak rashtriy rajamarg vikas karyakram (enechadipi) shuroo kiya hai. yah enechadipi pariyojana bharat mean sanchalit ab tak ki sabase b di rajamarg pariyojana hai. isaka sanchalan rashtriy rajamarg pradhikaran (enecheaee) dvara kiya ja raha hai. is pariyojana ko do charanoan mean poora karane ka karyakram hai jisake tahat lagabhag 14,279 kimi s dakoan ko kul 64, 639 karo d rupaye ki anumanit lagat se 4 v 6 len vale rashtriy rajamargoan mean vikasit kiya jaega.
30 aprail, 2006 tak rashtriy rajamarg vikar pariyojana I aur II ke aantargat svarnim chaturbhuj ki kul 5,846 kimi ki lambaee mean se 5,319 kimi marg ko char len vala banaya ja chuka hai. isi prakar 7,300 kimi ki uttar dakshin aur poorv-pashchim ke aantargat 822 kimi lambe marg ko char len mean badalane ka kary poora ho chuka hai jabaki 4,892 kimi ki lambaee ke marg par kary pragati par hai.
- charan 3 - rashtriy rajamarg vikas pariyojana ke charan 3 ke tahat lagabhag 12,109 kimi. vartaman rashtriy rajamarg ko char lene vale marg mean badalane ka lakshy rakha gaya hai. is par 80,626 karo d rupaye kharch karane ki yojana hai.
- charan 4 - isake tahat 20,000 kimi rashtriy rajamarg ko kh dajean vale pend khand sahit do len vala banane ka prastav hai.
- charan 5 - is charan ke aantargat 41,210 karo d rupaye ki lagat par 6,500 kimi rashtriy rajamarg ko, jisamean svarn chaturbhuj ke tahat 57,000 kimi aur rashtriy rajamargoan ke any khandoan ke tahat 800 kimi shamil hai 6 len vala banane ki svikriti pradan ki gee hai.
- charan 6 - isake tahat 16,680 karo d rupaye ki lagat se naye jo de gaye margo par poori pahuanch niyantran vale 1000 kimi ke eksapres ve ke nirman ka lakshy rakha gaya hai.
- charan 7 - is charan ke dauran 16,680 karo d ki lagat par riang rod ka nirman karane ki yojana hai.
rashtriy rajamarg vikas pariyojana ke tritiy charan se lekar satavean charan ki upapariyojanaoan ko sarakari niji bhagedari ke adhar par banaoan, chalaoan aur aantarit karo (bioti) ke paddhati par shuroo karane ki yojana hai.
rashtriy rajamarg pariyojana ke tahat char mahanagaroan - dilli, mumbee, chennee aur kolakata ko jo dane vale rashtriy rajamargoan se sanbaddh hokar svarnim chaturbhuj yojana ka kriyaanvayan kiya ja raha hai. isaki kul lambaee 5,846 kimi hai. uttar dakshin marg (k aauridor) ke aantargat kochchi-selam spar marg sahit shrinagar ko kanyakumari se jo dane vala rashtriy rajamarg aur silvar ko porabandar se jo dane vala poorv-pashchim k aauridor shamil hai. in rashtriy rajamargoan ki kul lambaee 7,300 kimi hai. uttar dakshin aur poorv-pashchim k aauridoroan ka nirman disambar, 2007 tak poora karane ka lakshy rakha gaya hai. 30 navambar, 2007 ek enechadipi pariyojana ke tahat 7,962 kimi vale rashtriy rajamarg ka kary poora ho chuka hai. is rajamarg ka adhikaansh bhag (5,629 kimi) svarn chaturbhuj mean sthit hai. lagabhag 7,744 kimi rashtriy rajamarg nirmanadhin hai. navambar, 2007 tak svarn chaturbhaj ka lagabhag 96 pratishat nirman kary poora ho chuka hai. uttar dakshin tatha poorv-poorv pashchim k aaurid aauroan ka nirman kary disambar, 2009 tak poora karane ka lakshy hai.
panchavarshiy yojanaean
[[chitr:Express-Highway.jpg|thumb|250px|eksapres marg, maharashtr]]
- athavian panchavarshiy yojana ke dauran is kary par 3221.40 karo d ru. kharch kiye gaye. 31 march, 2000 tak kul 4,771 kimi lanbe naye sanpark margo ka nirman aur 26,573 kimi s dako ko chau da aur mazaboot karake do len vali s dakoan mean badala gaya hai.
- dasavian panchavarshiy yojana ke lie kendriy kshetr ke s dak karyakram ke lie 59,700 karo d rupaye ka parivyay nirdharit kiya gaya tha, jisamean 500 karo d rupaye ka pravadhan aantar-rajy margo aur arthik mahattav ki s dako ke lie kiya gaya. yojana ke lie aantarik aur atirikt bajatiy sanshodhanoan se 24,700 karo d rupaye jutaye gaye. rajyoan evan kendrashasit pradeshoan ki yojana mean s dako aur puloan ke lie lagabhag 50,321 karo d rupaye nirdharit kiye gaye the.
- 11 vian panchavarshiy yojana mean rashtriy pramukh marg vikas karyakram ke aantargat 4-len aur 2-len vali kul 45,974 kimi lambi s dak nirman ka karyakram tay kiya gaya hai. isaki kul lagat 2,20,000 karo d rupaye hogi. sarakar dvara isaka kriyaanvayan sarvajanik-niji sajhedari ke adhar par kiya jaega.
- 11 vian yojana ke aantargat gramin s dako ke vistar ke lie pradhanamantri gram s dak yojana ke adhin 1,00 janasankhya vale sabhi gramoan aur paha di kshetroan mean 500 janasankhya vale kshetroan ko jo da jaega. is karyakram se bharat ke gramoan ko bazar arthavyavastha ke aantargat laya jaega.
|
|
|
|
|
|