पट्टदकल

[[chitr:Pattadakal-Ruins.jpg|thumb|250px|pattadakal mean ek mandir ke avashesh]] pattadakal ek prasiddh aitihasik sthan hai, jo karnatak ke bijapur zile mean malayaprabha nadi ke tat par, badami se 12 mil ki doori par sthit hai. chaluky samrajy ke dauran pattadakal ek khyati prapt mahattvapoorn shahar hua karata tha. adbhut shilpakala ki vajah se is shahar ko 'vishv virasat sthaloan' ki soochi mean rakha gaya hai. pattadakal aitihasik mandiroan aur bharatiy sthapaty kala ki besar shaili ke aranbhik prayogoan vale smarak samooh ke lie prasiddh hai. ye mandir athavian shatabdi mean banavaye gaye the. yahaan dravi d (dakshin bharatiy) tatha nagar (uttar bharatiy ya ary) donoan hi shailiyoan ke mandir haian. apane khoobasoorat mandiroan ke lie hi yah shahar 'mandiroan ka shahar' kahalata hai. yahaan b di sankhya mean shrriddhalu tatha paryatak ate haian.

itihas

pattadakal dakshin bharat ke chaluky vansh ki rajadhani badami se 22 ki.mi. aur ehol shahar se matr 10 ki.mi. ki doori par sthit hai. ehol ko 'sthapaty kala ka mahavidyalay' to pattadakal ko 'vishvavidyalay' kaha jata hai. athavian shatabdi mean chaluky vansh dvara banavaye gaye pattadakal ke smarak hindoo mandir vastukala mean besar shaili ke prayog ka charam haian. yoonesko ne varsh 1987 mean pattadakal ko 'vishv dharohar' ki soochi mean shamil kiya tha. chaluky samrajy ke dauran pattadakal mahatvapoorn shahar hua karata tha. rajanitik keandr aur rajadhani halaanki us dauran 'vatapi' (vartaman badami) rajanitik keandr aur rajadhani thi, jabaki pattadakal saanskritik rajadhani thi. yahaan par rajasi utsav aur rajatilak jaise karyakram hua karate the.

prasiddhi

992 ee. ke ek abhilekh mean pattadakal nagar ko chaluky nareshoan ki rajadhani kaha gaya hai. satavian shatabdi ke aantim charan mean gyarahavian shatabdi tak nirmit mandiroan ke lie yah sthan prakhyat raha. pattadakal ke mandir badami aur aihol se adhik vikasit haian. pattadakal ki moortikala dharmik aur laukik donoan prakar ki hai. pratham mean devi-devataoan tatha ramayan-mahabharat ki anek dharmik kathaoan ka chitran milata hai. doosari mean samajik aur ghareloo jivan, pashu-pakshi, vady yantr tatha panchatantr ki kathaoan ka aankan milata hai.

sthapaty shaili

yah bat mahattvapoorn hai ki pattadakal ke kalakaroan ne ary shaili ke char mandir aur dravi d shaili donoan ko sath-sath vikasit karane ka prayas kiya. yahaan ary shaili ke char mandir aur dravi d shaili ke chhah mandir haian. ary shaili ka sabase adhik prasiddh mandir 'papanath' ka hai aur dravi d shaili ke mandiroan mean 'virupaksh' ka mandir prasiddh hai. papanath mandir ke garbhagrih ke oopar ek shikhar hai. vah oopar ki or sankara hota gaya hai. isake garbhagrih aur mandap ke bich jo aantaral banaya gaya hai, vah bhi ek mandap ki bhaanti pratit hota hai. thumb|250px|pattadakal

virupaksh mandir

is yug ka sabase mahattvapoorn mandir virupaksh mandir hai, jise pahale 'lokeshvar mandir' bhi kaha jata tha. is shiv mandir ko vikramadity dvitiy (734-745 ee.) ki patni lok mahadevi ne banavaya tha. virupaksh mandir ke garbhagrih aur mandap ke bich mean bhi aantaral hai. yah aantaral chhota hai, jisase imarat ka anupat big dane nahian paya hai. mukhy bhavan 120 phut lamba hai. virupaksh mandir ke charoan or prachir aur ek sundar dvar hai. dvar mandapoan par dvarapal ki pratimaean haian. ek dvarapal ki gada par ek sarp lipata hua hai, jisake karan usake mukh par vismay evan ghabarahat ke bhavoan ki abhivyanjana b de kaushal ke sath aankit ki gee hai. mukhy mandap mean stambhoan ki chhah panktiyaan haian, jinamean se pratyek mean paanch stambhoan haian. shrriangarik drishyoan ka pradarshan kiya gaya hai. any par mahakavyoan ke chitr utkirn haian. jinamean hanuman ka ravan ki sabha mean agaman, khar dooshan- yuddh tatha sita haran ke drishy ullekhaniy haian. virupaksh mandir apane sthapaty ke lie prasiddh hai. isamean vibhinn bhagoan ka kalatmak moortiyoan se alankaran kiya gaya hai. kalamarmajnoan ne is mandir ki b di prashansa ki hai.

mandiroan ka shahar

pattadakal apane mandiroan ke lie prasiddh hai, yahi karan hai ki isako 'mandiroan ka shahar' kaha jata hai. pattadakal mean kul das mandir haian, jinamean ek jain dharmashala bhi shamil hai. in mandiroan ko ghere hue chabootare, kee pooja sthal aur apoorn adharashilaean aj bhi dekhi ja sakati haian. yahaan par papanath mandir nagar tatha dravi d, mishrit shaili ka hai. in das mandiroan mean nau hindoo devata bhagavan shiv ke aur ek mandir jain dharm ka hai, jo nadi ke tat par bane hue haian. dharm granthoan mean inhean bahut hi pavitr sthal mana gaya hai. yahaan ke virupaksh mandir mean ek shilalekh vala stanbh sthit hai, jis par prachin kann d lipi mean vikramadity dvitiy ki kaanchi ke pallavoan par vijay ki gatha likhi hai.

mallikarjun mandir yahaan ke donoan mukhy mandir pattadakal-viroopaksh mandir aur mallikarjun mandir ko vikramadity dvitiy ki rani ne unaki saphalata ke samman mean banavaya tha. virupaksh mandir yahaan nirmit sabhi mandiroan mean sabase suandar hai. isamean dakshin bharatiy shaili ka prayog hua hai aur yah kaanchi ke kailashanath mandir ke pratiroop jaisa hai. pratyek varsh janavari mean yahaan shastriy nrity utsav ka ayojan hota hai, jisamean desh bhar ke kalakar bhag lete haian. march mean yahaan mandiroan ka utsav manaya jata hai, jinamean do mukhy mandir shamil haian- virupaksh mandir aur mallikarjun mandir.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

vithika

chitr:Galaganatha-Temple-Pattadakal.jpg

galaganath mandir, pattadakal
chitr:Sangameswara-Temple-Pattadakal.jpg

sangameshvar mandir, pattadakal
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pattadakal
chitr:Bhairava-Pattadakal.jpg

bhairav ki moorti, pattadakal
chitr:Series-Of-Shiva-Temples-Virupaksha-Temple-Pattadakal.jpg

virupaksh mandir mean shiv ke pramukh mandiroan ki shrriankhala, pattadakal
chitr:Series-Of-Shiva-Temples-Pattadakal.jpg

virupaksh mandir mean shiv ki pratima, pattadakal
chitr:Vishnu-Avatar-Pattadakal.jpg

vishnu avatar ki pratima
chitr:Dancing-Shiva-Pattadakal.jpg

nrity karate bhagavan shiv
chitr:Carving-of-Surya-on-the-cieling-Pattadakal.jpg

mandir ki chhat par sooryadev ki moortiyoan se nakkashi kary
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pattadakal sthit mandir

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

mohak shilpakala ki dasataan pattadakal

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah