पाचन तन्त्र

thumb|300px|pachan tantr
Digestive System pachan tantr (aangrezi:Digestive System) manav sharir se sanbandhit ullekh hai. bhojan ka antargrahan, pachan, avashoshan, mal tyag adi kriyaean pachan tantr ke dvara sampann hoti haian. aharanal tatha usase sambandhit pachan granthiyaan sammilit roop se pachan tantr banati haian.

aharanal

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manushy mean 8 se 10 mitar lambi aharanal paee jati hai. jo mukh se mal dvar tak phaili rahati haian isaki bhitti mukhyatah arekhit peshiyoan se bani hoti hai. aharanal mean nimnalikhit aang hote haian-

1. mukh:- mukh ek anuprasth kat ke roop mean hota hai tatha do maansal hoanthoan se ghira rahata hai tatha mukhagrasan guhika mean khulata hai. donoan hoth mukh ko kholane aur band karane ke atirikt bhojan ko pak dane tatha bolane mean sahayak hote haian. manushy ki mukh grasan guhika sadaiv lar namak taral se nam bani rahati hai. mukh ko do pramukh bhagoan mean vibhedit rahati hai- jihva aur daant.
2. grasani:- grasani mukhagrasan guhika ka pichhala chhota bhag hota hai. isake prishth bhag ko nasagrasani tatha ahar bhag ko mukhagrasani kahate haian.
3. grasanali:- grasanali lagabhag 25 semi lambi evan sankari peshiy nali hoti hai. yah griva tatha vakshasthal mean hoti huee dayaphr aaum ko bedhakar udaraguha mean pravesh karati hai.
4. amashay:- amashay udaraguha mean baeean or dayaphr aaum ke thik pichhe sthit hota hai. yah aharanal ka sabase adhik chau da tatha peshiy bhag hota hai.
5. antr:- aharanal ka shesh bhag antr ya aant kahalata hai. isaki lambaee 7.5 mitar hoti hai aur do pramukh bhagoan mean vibhedit rahati hai- chhoti antr ya b di antr.
   1. chhoti antr
   2. b di antr

bhojan ka pachan

aharanal mean bhojan ke jatil evan aghulanashil avayav (karbohaidret, protin evan vasa) enjaims ke dvara ghulanashil evan saral avayavoan (glookoz, aminoan, aml, vasiy aml) mean parivartit ho jate haian. is prakriya ko bhojan ka pachan kahate haian. isamean yantrik evan rasayanik donoan hi prakar ki kriyaean hoti haian. bhojan ka avashoshan chhoti antr mean hota hai. bhojy padarthoan ke pache hue aanshoan ke jivadravy mean vilay ki kriya svaangikaran kahalati hai.

pachan granthiyaan

manushy ki udaraguha mean aharanal ke sath yakrit tatha agnyashay pachak granthiyaan sambandhit hoti haian. lar, jathar, antriy bhi pachan granthiyaan haian.

yakrit

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yakrit manushy ke sharir mean paee jane vali sabase b di tatha mahattvapoorn pachak granthi hoti hai. yah udaraguha ke dahine oopari bhag mean dayaphr aaum ke thik niche sthit hota hai tatha antrayojaniyoan dvara sadha rahata hai. yah lal – bhoore rang ka b da, komal, thos tatha dvipalit aang hota hai. donoan paliyaan bahubhujiy pindakoan se bani hoti haian. inake charoan or sanyoji ootakoan ka avaran hota hai jise 'glisan kaipsool' kahate haian.

agnyashay

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agnyashay ek mishrit granthi hoti hai. isaka antahsravi bhag laiangaraheans ki dvipikaean hoti haian. inase iansulin h aaurmon stravit hota hai jo rakt mean sharkara ki matra ka niyaman karata hai. agnyashay ke bahistravi bhag dvara agnyashayi ras stravit hota hai. jo bhojan ke pachan mean bhag leta hai.

lar

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manushy ki mukh grasan guhika sadaiv lar namak taral se nam bani rahati hai. lar daantoan, jibh tatha mukhaguhika ki saphaee karati rahati hai. bhojan karate samay mukhaguhika mean lar ki matra badh jati hai aur yah mukh mean ae hue bhojan ko chikana tatha ghulanashil banati hai aur isake rasayanik vibandhan ko prarambh karati hai.

lar granthiyaan

lar ek sirami taral tatha ek chipachipe shleshm ka mishran hoti hai. lar ka sravan do prakar ki lar granthiyoan se hota hai-

1. laghu ya sahayak lar granthiyaan- ye hothoan, kapoloan (galoan), talu evan jibh par dhanki shleshmika mean upasthit anek chhoti–chhoti sirami evan shleshmika granthiyaan hoti haian. ye shleshmika kala ko nam banae rakhane ke lie tho di–tho di matra mean sidhe hi lar ka sravan mukhaguha mean sadaiv karati rahati haian.
2. vrihad ya pramukh lar granthiyaan- hamari mukh guhika mean lar ki adhikaansh matra ka sravan tin jo di b di lar granthiyoan ke dvara hota hai. ye mukhaguhika ke bahar sthit hoti haian aur apani vahikaoan dvara sravit lar ko mukhaguhika mean mukt karati haian. ye granthiyaan bahukoshikiy tatha pindakiy hoti haian.

mukh lar granthiyaan grasanali amashay agnyashay chhoti aantr b di aantr kanthachchhad vayu nali yakrit shira yakrit pitt ki thaili grahani shiraean jivanu apeandiks guda

pachak enjaim

aharanal ke andar karbanik utprerakoan dvara bhojan ke poshak padarthoan ko jal apaghatan ki daroan mean vriddhi ho jati hai. inhean pachak enjaim kahate haian. inhean haidrolesej kahate haian. inake char pramukh varg haian-

1. karbohaidret pachak enjaim- aimailejej, maltej, sukrej tatha laiktej.
2. protin pachak enjaim- endopeptidejej- (irepsin, tripsin, kaimo–tripsin), eksopeptidejej.
3. vasa pachak enjaim
4. nyookliejej

pachak enjaims ke kary

1. lar ka enjaim- tayalin—mand ko sharkara mean badalata hai.
2. amashay ka jathar ras- isaka pepsin enjaim protin ko peptons mean tatha renin doodh ki kesin ko pairakesin mean badalata hai.
3. grahani mean pittaras- vasa ka imalsikaran karata hai.
4. agnyashayik ras-
   1. tripsin enjaim protin ko pepton v p aaulipeptaid mean badalata hai.
   2. karboksidej enjaim p aaulipeptaid ko amino aml mean badalata hai.
   3. emailej enjaim mand ko maltoj sharkara v glookoz mean badalata hai.
   4. laipej vasa ko vasiy aml v glisarol mean badalata hai.
   5. nyookliejej- nyooklik amloan (DNA v RNA) ko nyookliotaids mean badalata hai.
5. antriy ras
   1. irepsin p aaulipeptaids ko aminoan aml tatha glookoj mean badalata hai.
   2. maltej maltoj ko glookoj sharkara mean,
   3. laiktej lektoj ko glookoj sharkara mean,
   4. sukrej sukroj ko glookoj sharkara mean badalata hai,
   5. laipej shesh vasa ko vasiy aml tatha glisarol mean badalata hai,
   6. nyookliejej nyooklik aml v nyookliotaids ko nyookliosaids v sharkaraoan mean badalata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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