भारत का संविधान- राज्यों के उच्च न्यायालय

214. rajyoan ke lie uchch nyayalay-(***)

pratyek rajy ke lie ek uchch nyayalay hoga.

• (***)

215. uchch nyayalayoan ka abhilekh nyayalay hona-

pratyek uchch nyayalay abhilekh nyayalay hoga aur usako apane avaman ke lie dand dene ki shakti sahit aise nyayalay ki sabhi shaktiyaan hoangi.

216. uchch nyayalayoan ka gathan-

pratyek uchch nyayalay mukhy nyayamoorti aur aise any nyayadhishoan se milakar banega, jinhean rashtrapati samay-samay par niyukt karana avashyak samajhe.

• (***)

217. uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ki niyukti aur usake pad ki shartean-

• (1) bharat ke mukhy nyayamoorti se, us rajy ke rajyapal se aur mukhy nyayamoorti se bhinn kisi nyayadhish ki niyukti ki dasha mean us uchch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayamoorti se paramarsh karane ke pashchath, rashtrapati apane hastakshar aur mudra sahit adhipatr dvara uchch nyayalay ke pratyek nyayadhish ko niyukt karega aur vah nyayadhish apar ya karyakari nyayadhish ki dasha mean anuchchhed 224 mean upabandhit roop mean pad dharan karega aur kisi any dasha mean tab tak pad dharan karega, jab tak vah basath varsh ki ayu prapt nahian kar leta hai. parantu-
  • (k) koee nyayadhish, rashtrapati ko sanbodhit apane hastakshar sahit lekh dvara apana pad tyag sakega.
  • (kh) kisi nyayadhish ko uchchatam nyayalay ke nyayadhish ko hatane ke lie anuchchhed 124 ke khand (4) mean upabandhit riti se usake pad se rashtrapati dvara hataya ja sakega.
  • (g) kisi nyayadhish ka pad, rashtrapati dvara use uchchatam nyayalay ka nyayadhish niyukt kie jane par ya rashtrapati dvara use bharat ke rajyakshetr mean kisi any uchch nyayalay ko, aantarit kie jane par rikt ho jaega.
• (2) koee vyakti, kisi uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke roop mean niyukti ke lie tabhi arhit hoga, jab vah bharat ka nagirak hai aur-
  • (k) bharat ke rajyakshetr mean kam se kam das varsh tak nyayik pad dharan kar chuka hai; ya
  • (kh) kisi uchch nyayalay ka ya aise do ya adhik nyayalayoan ka lagatar kam se kam das varsh tak adhivakta raha hai;

spashtikaran-

is khand ke prayojanoan ke lie-

• (k) bharat ke rajyakshetr mean nyayik pad dharan karane ki avadhi ki sanganana karane mean vah avadhi bhi sammilit ki jaegi, jisake dauran koee vyakti nyayik pad dharan karane ke pashchath kisi uchch nyayalay ka adhivakta raha hai ya usane kisi adhikaran ke sadasy ka pad dharan kiya hai athava sangh ya rajy ke adhin koee aisa pad dharan kiya hai, jisake lie vidhi ka vishesh jnan apekshit hai;
  • (kak) kisi uchch nyayalay ka adhivakta rahane ki avadhi ki sanganana karane mean vah avadhi bhi sammilit ki jaegi, jisake dauran kisi vyakti ne adhivakta hone ke pashchath nyayik pad dharan kiya hai ya kisi adhikaran ke sadasy ka pad dharan kiya hai athava sangh ya rajy ke adhin koee aisa pad dharan kiya hai, jisake lie vidhi ka vishesh jnan apekshit hai;
• (kh) bharat ke rajyakshetr mean nyayik pad dharan karane ya kisi uchch nyayalay ka adhivakta rahane ki avadhi ki sanganana karane mean is sanvidhan ke praranbh se pahale ki vah avadhi bhi sammilit ki jaegi, jisake dauran kisi vyakti ne, yathasthiti, aise kshetr mean jo 15 agast, 1947 se pahale bharat shasan adhiniyam, 1935 mean paribhashit bharat mean samavisht tha, nyayik pad dharan kiya hai ya vah aise kisi kshetr mean kisi uchch nyayalay ka adhivakta raha hai.
• (3) yadi uchch nyayalay ke kisi nyayadhish ki ayu ke bare mean koee prashn uthata hai to us prashn ka vinishchay bharat ke mukhy nyayamoorti se paramarsh karane ke pashchath rashtrapati ka vinishchay aantim hoga.

218. uchchatam nyayalay se sanbandhit kuchh upabandhoan ka uchch nyayalayoan ko lagoo hona-

anuchchhed 124 ke khand (4) aur khand (5) ke upabandh, jahaan-jahaan unamean uchchatam nyayalay ke prati nirdesh hai, vahaan-vahaan uchch nyayalay ke prati nirdesh pratisthapit karake, uchch nyayalay ke sanbandh mean vaise hi lagoo hoange, jaise ve uchchatam nyayalay ke sanbandh mean lagoo hote haian.

219. uchch nyayalayoan ke nyayadhishoan dvara shapath ya pratijnan-

(***)uchch nyayalay ka nyayadhish hone ke lie niyukt pratyek vyakti, apana pad grahan karane se pahale, us rajy ke rajyapal ya usake dvara is nimitt niyukt vyakti ke samaksh, tisari anusoochi mean is prayojan ke lie die ge praroop ke anusar, shapath lega ya pratijnan karega aur us par apane hastakshar karega.

220. sthayi nyayadhish rahane ke pashchath vidhi-vyavasay par nirbandhan-

koee vyakti, jisane is sanvidhan ke praranbh ke pashchath kisi uchch nyayalay ke sthayi nyayadhish ke roop mean pad dharan kiya hai, uchchatam nyayalay aur any uchch nyayalayoan ke sivay bharat mean kisi nyayalay ya kisi pradhikari ke samaksh abhivachan ya kary nahian karega.

spashtikaran-

is anuchchhed mean, "uchch nyayalay" pad ke aantargat sanvidhan (satavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1956 ke praranbh se pahale vidyaman pahali anusoochi ke bhag kh mean vinirdisht rajy ka uchch nyayalay nahian hai.

221. nyayadhishoan ke vetan adi-

• (1) pratyek uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhishoan ko aise vetanoan ka sanday kiya jaega jo sansad, vidhi dvara, avadharit kare aur jab tak is nimitt is prakar upabandh nahian kiya jata hai, tab tak aise vetanoan ka sanday kiya jaega, jo doosari anusoochi mean vinirdisht haian.
• (2) pratyek nyayadhish aise bhattoan ka tatha anupasthiti chhutti aur peanshan ke sanbandh mean aise adhikaroan ka, jo sansad dvara banaee gee vidhi dvara ya usake adhin samay-samay par avadharit kie jaean, aur jab tak is prakar avadharit nahian kie jate haian, tab tak aise bhattoan aur adhikaroan ka jo doosari anusoochi mean vinirdisht haian, hakadar hoga.

parantu kisi nyayadhish ke bhattoan mean aur anupasthiti chhutti ya peanshan ke sanbandh mean usake adhikaroan mean usaki niyukti ke pashchath usake lie alabhakari parivartan nahian kiya jaega.

222. kisi nyayadhish ka ek uchch nyayalay se doosare uchch nyayalay ko aantaran-

• (1) rashtrapati, bharat ke mukhy nyayamoorti se paramarsh karane ke pashchath (***) kisi nyayadhish ka ek uchch nyayalay se doosare uchch nyayalay ko aantaran kar sakega.
• (2) jab koee nyayadhish is prakar aantarit kiya gaya hai ya kiya jata hai, tab vah us avadhi ke dauran, jisake dauran vah sanvidhan (pandrahavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1963 ke praranbh ke pashchath doosare uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke roop mean seva karata hai, apane vetan ke atirikt aisa pratikaratmak bhatta, jo sansad vidhi dvara avadharit kare, aur jab tak is prakar avadharit nahian kiya jata hai, tab tak aisa pratikaratmak bhatta, jo rashtapati adesh dvara niyat kare, prapt karane ka hakadar hoga.

223. karyakari mukhy nyayamoorti ki niyukti-

jab kisi uchch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayamoorti ka pad rikt hai ya jab aisa mukhy nyayamoorti anupasthiti ke karan ya anyatha apane pad ke kartavyoan ka palan karane mean asamarth hai, tab nyayalay ke any nyayadhishoan mean se aisa ek nyayadhish, jise rashtrapati is prayojan ke lie niyukt kare, us pad ke kartavyoan ka palan karega.

224. apar aur karyakari nyayadhishoan ki niyukti-

• (1) yadi kisi uchch nyayalay ke kary mean kisi asthayi vriddhi ke karan ya usamean kary ki bakaya ke karan rashtrapati ko yah pratit hota hai ki us nyayalay ke nyayadhishoan ki sankhya ko tatsamay badha dena chahie to rashtrapati samyak roop se arhit vyaktiyoan ko do varsh se anadhik ki aisi avadhi ke lie, jo vah vinirdisht kare, us nyayalay ke apar nyayadhish niyukt kar sakega.
• (2) jab kisi uchch nyayalay ka mukhy nyayamoorti se bhinn koee nyayadhish anupasthiti ke karan ya any karan se apane pad ke kartavyoan ka palan karane mean asamarth hai ya mukhy nyayamoorti ke roop mean asthayi roop se kary karane ke lie niyukt kiya jata hai, tab rashtrapati samyak roop se arhit kisi vyakti ko tab tak ke lie us nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke roop mean kary karane ke lie niyukt kar sakega, jab tak sthayi nyayadhish apane kartavyoan ko phir se nahian sanbhal leta hai.
• (3) uchch nyayalay ke apar ya karyakari nyayadhish ke roop mean niyukt koee vyakti basath varsh ki ayu prapt kar lene ke pashchath pad dharan nahian karega.

224k. uchch nyayalayoan ki baithakoan mean sevanivritt nyayadhishoan ki niyukti-

is adhyay mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi, kisi rajy ke uchch nyayalay ka mukhy nyayamoorti, kisi bhi samay, rashtrapati ki poorv sahamati se kisi vyakti se, jo us uchch nyayalay ya kisi any uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ka pad dharan kar chuka hai, us rajy ke uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke roop mean baithane aur kary karane ka anurodh kar sakega aur pratyek aisa vyakti, jisase is prakar anurodh kiya jata hai, is prakar baithane aur kary karane ke dauran aise bhattoan ka hakadar hoga jo rashtrapati adesh dvara avadharit kare aur usako us uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ki sabhi adhikarita, shaktiyaan aur visheshadhikar hoange, kiantu use anyatha us uchch nyayalay ka nyayadhish nahian samajha jaega.

parantu jab tak yathapoorvokt vyakti us uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke roop mean baithane aur kary karane ki sahamati nahian de deta hai, tab tak is anuchchhed ki koee bat usase aisa karane ki apeksha karane vali nahian samajhi jaegi.

225. vidyaman uchch nyayalayoan ki adhikarita-

is sanvidhan ke upabandhoan ke adhin rahate hue aur is sanvidhan dvara samuchit vidhan-mandal ko pradatt shaktiyoan ke adhar par us vidhan-mandal dvara banaee gee kisi vidhi ke upabandhoan ke adhin rahate hue, kisi vidyaman uchch nyayalay ki adhikarita aur usamean prashasit vidhi tatha us nyayalay mean nyay prashasan ke sanbandh mean usake nyayadhishoan ki apani-apani shaktiyaan, jinake aantargat nyayalay ke niyam banane ki shakti tatha us nyayalay aur usake sadasyoan ki baithakoan ka chahe ve akele baithean ya khand nyayalayoan mean baithean viniyaman karane ki shakti hai, vahian hoangi jo is sanvidhan ke praranbh se thik pahale thian.

parantu rajasv sanbandhi athava usaka sangrahan karane mean adisht ya kie ge kisi kary sanbandhi vishay ki babat uchch nyayalayoan mean se kisi ki aranbhik adhikarita ka prayog, is sanvidhan ke praranbh se thik pahale, jis kisi nirbandhan ke adhin tha, vah nirbandhan aisi adhikarita ke prayog ko aise praranbh ke pashchath lagoo nahian hoga.

226. kuchh rit nikalane ki uchch nyayalay ki shakti-

• (1) anuchchhed 32 mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi (***) pratyek uchch nyayalay ko un rajyakshetroan mean sarvatr, jinake sanbandh mean vah apani adhikarita ka prayog karata hai, bhag 3 dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se kisi ko pravartit karane ke lie aur kisi any prayojan ke lie un rajyakshetroan ke bhitar kisi vyakti ya pradhikari ko ya samuchit mamaloan mean kisi sarakar ko aise nidesh, adesh ya rit jinake aantargat bandi pratyakshikaran, paramadesh, pratishedh, adhikar-prichchha aur utpreshan rit haian, ya unamean se koee nikalane ki shakti hogi.
• (2) kisi sarakar, pradhikari ya vyakti ko nidesh, adesh ya rit nikalane ki khand (1) dvara pradatt shakti ka prayog un rajyakshetroan ke sanbandh mean, jinake bhitar aisi shakti ke prayog ke lie vadahetuk poornat: ya bhagat: utpann hota hai, adhikarita ka prayog karane vale kisi uchch nyayalay dvara bhi, is bat ke hote hue bhi kiya ja sakega ki aisi sarakar ya pradhikari ka sthan ya aise vyakti ka nivas-sthan un rajyakshetroan ke bhitar nahian hai.
• (3) jahaan koee pakshakar, jisake viruanddh khand (1) ke adhin kisi yachika par ya usase sanbandhit kisi karravaee mean vyadesh ke roop mean ya rok ke roop mean ya kisi any riti se koee aantarim adesh-
  • (k) aise pakshakar ko aisi yachika ki aur aise aantarim adesh ke lie abhivak ke samarthan mean sabhi dastavejoan ki pratilipiyaan, aur
  • (kh) aise pakshakar ko sunavaee ka avasar,

die bina kiya gaya hai, aise adesh ko radd karane ke lie uchch nyayalay ko avedan karata hai aur aise avedan ki ek pratilipi us pakshakar ko, jisake paksh mean aisa adesh kiya gaya hai ya usake kauansel ko deta hai, vahaan uchch nyayalay usaki prapti ko tarikh se ya aise avedan ki pratilipi is prakar die jane ki tarikh se do saptah ki avadhi ke bhitar, inamean se jo bhi pashchatavarti ho, ya jahaan uchch nyayalay us avadhi ke aantim din band hai, vahaan usake thik bad vale din ki samapti se pahale jis din uchch nyayalay khula hai, avedan ko nipataega aur yadi avedan is prakar nahian nipataya jata hai to aantarim adesh, yathasthiti, ukt avadhi ki ya ukt thik bad vale din ki samapti par radd ho jaega.

• (4) is anuchchhed dvara uchch nyayalay ko pradatt shakti se, anuchchhed 32 ke khand (2) dvara uchchatam nyayalay ko pradatt shakti ka alpikaran nahian hoga.

226k. anuchchhed 226 ke adhin karyavahiyoan mean kendriy vidhiyoan ki saanvidhanik vaidhata par vichar n kiya jana-

sanvidhan (taiantalisavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1977 ki dhara 8 dvara (13-4-78 se) nirasit.

227. sabhi nyayalayoan ke adhikshan ki uchch nyayalay ki shakti-

• (1) pratyek uchch nyayalay un rajyakshetroan mean sarvatr, jinake sanbandh mean vah apani adhikarita ka prayog karata hai, sabhi nyayalayoan aur adhikaranoan ka adhikshan karega.
• (2) poorvagami upabandh ki vyapakata par pratikool prabhav dale bina, uchch nyayalay-
  • (k) aise nyayalayoan se vivaran manga sakega.
  • (kh) aise nyayalayoan ki paddhati aur karyavahiyoan ke viniyaman ke lie sadharan niyam aur praroop bana sakega, aur nikal sakega tatha vihit kar sakega, aur
  • (g) kinhian aise nyayalayoan ke adhikariyoan dvara rakhi jane vali pustakoan, pravishtiyoan aur lekhaoan ke praroop vihit kar sakega.
• (3) uchch nyayalay un phisoan ki saraniyaan bhi sthir kar sakega, jo aise nyayalayoan ke shairiph ko tatha sabhi lipikoan aur adhikariyoan ko tatha unamean vidhi-vyavasay karane vale atarniyoan, adhivaktaoan aur plidaroan ko anujney hoangi.

parantu khand (2) ya khand (3) ke adhin banae ge koee niyam, vihit kie ge koee praroop ya sthir ki gee koee sarani tatsamay pravritt kisi vidhi ke upabandh se asangat nahian hogi aur inake lie rajyapal ke poorv anumodan ki apeksha hogi.

• (4) is anuchchhed ki koee bat uchch nyayalay ko sashastr baloan se sanbandhit kisi vidhi dvara ya usake adhin gathit kisi nyayalay ya adhikaran par adhikshan ki shaktiyaan dene vali nahian samajhi jaegi.

(***)

228. kuchh mamaloan ka uchch nyayalay ko aantaran-

yadi uchch nyayalay ka yah samadhan ho jata hai ki usake adhinasth kisi nyayalay mean lanbit kisi mamale mean is sanvidhan ke nirvachan ke bare mean vidhi ka koee saravan prashn aantarvalit hai, jisaka avadharan mamale ke nipatare ke lie avashyak hai to vah (***) us mamale ko apane pas manga lega aur-

• (k) mamale ko svayan nipata sakega, ya
• (kh) ukt vidhi ke prashn ka avadharan kar sakega aur us mamale ko aise prashn par nirnay ki pratilipi sahit us nyayalay ko, jisase mamala is prakar manga liya gaya hai, lauta sakega aur ukt nyayalay usake prapt hone par us mamale ko aise nirnay ke anuroop nipatane ke lie age karravaee karega.

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