गोवा
gova
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| rajadhani | panaji |
| rajabhasha(ean) | koankani bhasha, marathi bhasha |
| sthapana | 1987/05/03 |
| janasankhya | 1347668 |
| · ghanatv | 363 /varg kimi |
| kshetraphal | 3,702sqkm |
| bhaugolik nirdeshaank | 15.493°N 73.818°E |
| · grishm | 35 °C |
| · sharad | 20 °C |
| zile | 2 |
| sabase b da nagar | panaji |
| mahanagar | vaskodigama |
| mukhy paryatan sthal | kolava,kalanagute, vagator, baga, haramal, aanjuna |
| liang anupat | 1000:960 ♂/♀ |
| saksharata | 82.32% |
| · stri | 88.88% |
| · purush | 75.51% |
| rajyapal | shiviandar sianh siddhu |
| mukhyamantri | diganbar kamath |
| vidhanasabha sadasy | 40 |
| rajyasabha sadasy | 1 |
| bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
| adyatan | 16:21, 4 aprॅl 2010 (IST)
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gova bharatiy prayadvip ke pashchimi tat par sthit hai. gova kshetraphal mean bharat ka sabase chhota aur janasankhya ke hisab se doosara sabase chhota rajy hai. poori duniya mean gova apane khoobasoorat samudr ke kinaroan aur mashahoor sthapaty kala ke liye jana jata hai. gova rajy, uttar mean maharashtr rajy, poorv v dakshin mean karnatak rajy aur pashchim mean arab sagar se ghira hai aur panaji gova ki rajadhani hai. gova ka kshetraphal 3,702 varg kilomitar hai, yah samudr tat ki or ek dvipayukt shahar hai, jo muanbee se 400 kilomitar ki doori par dakshin mean mukhyabhoomi mean sthit hai.
gova pahale purtagal ka ek upanivesh tha. purtagaliyoan ne gova par lagabhag 450 sal tak shasan kiya aur disanbar 1961 mean yah bharatiy prashasan ko sauanpa diya gaya. aur san 1987 ee. se gova ko rajy ka darja mila. isake uttar mean terekhol nadi bahati hai jo gova ko maharashtr se alag karati hai. isake dakshin mean karnatak ka uttar kann d zila aur poorv mean pashchimi ghat aur pashchim mean arab sagar hai. panaji, m dagaanv, vasko, mapusa, tatha poanda rajy ke pramukh shahar haian.
ullekh
mahabharat mean gova ka ullekh 'goparashtr' arthat 'gay charane valoan ka desh' ke roop mean milata hai. dakshin koankan ka ullekh gova rashtr ke roop mean milata hai. sanskrit ke kuchh prachin strotoan mean gova ko 'gopakapuri' aur 'gopakapattan' kaha gaya hai jinaka ullekh any granthoan ke alava 'harivanshamh' aur skand puran mean prapt hota hai. gova ko bad mean kahian kahian 'goaanchal' bhi kaha gaya hai. any namoan mean gove, govapuri, gop ka patan, aur gomant pramukh haian. t aaulami ne gova ka ullekh eesvi san 200 ke lagabhag 'gouba' ke roop mean kiya hai. [[chitr:Vagator-Beach-Goa-2.jpg|thumb|vagator bich, gova
Vagator Beach, Goa|left]] arab ke madhyayugin yatriyoan ne ise 'chandrapur' aur 'chandaur' ka nam diya hai jo mukhy roop se ek tatiy nagar tha. jis sthan ka nam purtagaliyoan ne gova rakha vah aj ka chhota sa samudr tatiy shahar 'goa-velha' hai. kalantar mean us kshetr ko gova kaha jane laga jis par purtagaliyoan ne qabza kiya.
rachana
janashruti ke anusar gova jisamean koankan kshetr bhi hai aur jisaka vistar gujarat se keral tak mana jata hai, ki rachana parashuram ne ki thi. kahavat hai ki parashuram ne ek yajn ke dauran apane banoan ki varsha se samudr ko kee sthanoan par pichhe dhakel diya tha. logoan ka kahana hai ki isi vajah se aj bhi gova mean bahut se sthanoan ka nam vanavali, vanasthali ityadi haian. uttari gova mean haramal ke pas aj bhi bhoore rang ke ek parvat ko parashuram ke yajn karane ka sthan mana jata hai.
itihas
gova prachinakal mean gomaanchal, gopakapattanam, gopapuri, aur gomaantak adi kee namoan se vikhyat raha hai. is pradesh ki lanbi aitihasik paranpara rahi hai. [[chitr:Immaculate-Conception-Church-Panjim-Goa.jpg|thumb|immekulet kansepshan charch, panaji, gova
Immaculate Conception Church, Panjim, Goa|left]] gova pashchimi samudr tat par sthit bhootapoorv purtagali basti hai, jo 1961 se bharat ka abhinn aang ban gee. goa atiprachin nagar hai.
prachin nam
gova ka prachin hindoo shahar, jisake avashesh ka ek aansh hi bacha hua hai, ka nirman dvip ke sudoor dakshini bindu par hua tha aur yah arambhik hindoo dantakathaoan aur itihas mean prasiddh tha. puranoan aur abhilekhoan mean isaka nam gove, govapuri v gomat ke roop mean ata hai. madhyakalin arabi bhoogolavidh ise siandaboor ya sandaboor ke nam se aur purtagali velha gova ke roop mean janate the.
doosari shatabdi se 1312 tak is par kadamb vansh aur 1312 se 1367 tak dakkan ke muslim akramanakariyoan ka shasan raha. isake bad is par vijayanagar ke hindoo samrajy ka qabza ho gaya aur bad mean bahamani vansh ne ise jit liya, jinhoanne 1440 mean purane gova ki sthapana ki. 1482 ke bad bahamani rajy ke vibhajan ke bad gova bijapur ke muslim shasak yoosoof adil khaan ke adhin a gaya, jo purtagaliyoan ke bharat agaman ke samay isake shasak the. is shahar par march 1510 mean alfaanso de albuqarq ke netritv mean purtagaliyoan ka akraman hua. gova bina kisi sangharsh ke purtagaliyoan ke qabze mean a gaya aur albuqarq ne ek vijeta ki tarah is shahar mean pravesh kiya. tin mahine ke bad yoosoof adil khaan 60 hazar ki sena lekar vapas laute aur bandaragah ke marg par qabza kar liya aur purtagaliyoan ko mee se agast tak apane jahazoan par rukane par mazaboor kar diya, isake bad hi manasoon ki samapti ke karan ve vapas samudr mean pahuanch sake. navambar mean albuqarq zyada b di sena ke sath laute aur ek duahsahasi pratirodh par vijay prapt kar unhoanne shahar par punah qabza kar liya aur sabhi musalamanoan ko mar dala tatha ek hindoo timoja ko gova ka prashasak niyukt kiya.
gova purtagaliyoan ka eshiya mean pahala kshetriy qabza tha. albuqarq aur unake uttaradhikariyoan ne dvip ke 30 gramin samuday ke sanvidhan aur riti-rivazoan mean lagabhag kisi bhi prakar ka hastakshep nahian kiya, sivay sati pratha ke, jise unhoanne samapt kar diya.
gova poorv disha mean samooche purtagali samrajy ki rajadhani ban gaya. ise lisban ke saman nagarik adhikar die ge aur 1575 se 1600 ke bich yah unnati ke sarvochch shikhar par pahuancha. isake bad bharatiy sima mean dach agaman ke sath gova ka patan hone laga. 1603 aur 1639 mean dach be de ke dvara gher liya gaya, halaanki is par kabhi qabza nahian ho saka aur 1635 mean ek mahamari ke karan tabah ho gaya. 1683 mean mugal sena ne ise maratha akramanakariyoan ke qabze mean jane se bachaya aur 1739 mean poore kshetr par inhian akramanakariyoan ka hamala hua aur ne vaisaray ke be de ke anapekshit agaman ke karan hi bach saka.
prashasan ke mukhyalay ko pahale mormoogaanv (vartaman marmagaanv) aur phir 1759 mean panjim (ab panaji) le jaya gaya. sthaniy nivasiyoan ke purane gova se ne gova ko pravas ka mukhy karan haiza namak mahamari thi. 1695 aur 1775 ke bich purane gova ki janasankhya 20,000 se 1,600 ke bich jhoolati rahi aur 1835 mean is shahar mean keval kuchh padari, nan aur girajagharavasi hi rah ge.
19vian sadi mean nepoliyan ke purtagal par qabze ke karan 1809 mean aangrezoan ka asthayi adhikar; kande di tores novas ka gavarnar kal (1855-1864), jinhoanne kee sudharoan ki shuruat ki aur shatabdi ke doosare arddhaansh mean hue sainik vidroh jaisi ghatanaoan ne yahaan ki bastiyoan ko prabhavit kiya. inamean sabase mahatvapoorn 3 disambar 1895 mean hua vidroh hai, jisane purtagal ko ek abhiyan dal bhejane par mazaboor kar diya. is abhiyan dal ke sath ae alfaanso henariks dukyoo di oparto ne march se mee 1896 me gavarnar ke adhikaroan ka prayog kiya. 1948 aur 1949 mean bharat ke gova par dave ke bad purtagal par gova aur is upamahadvip mean usake any sampattiyoan ko chho dane ka dabav badhata gaya. 1954 ke madhy mean gova ke rashtravadiyoan ne dadara aur nagar haveli ki bastiyoan par qabza kar liya aur bharat samarthak prashasan ki sthapana ki. ek any sankat ki gh di tab aee, jab bharat ke satyagrahiyoan (ahiansak pradarshanakari) ne gova mean ghusane ka prayas kiya. pahale pahal to satyagrahiyoan ko vapas bhej diya gaya, lekin bad mean, jab bahut zyada sankhya mean logoan ne sima par karane ka prayatn kiya, to purtagali adhikariyoan ko bal ka prayog karana p da aur kee mautean huee. isase 18 agast 1955 ko purtagal aur bharat ke bich rajanitik sambandh toot ge. bharat aur purtagal ke bich tanav 18 sitambar 1961 ko apane charam par pahuancha aur nausena evan vayusena ki madad se bharatiy sena ne gova, daman aur div par qabza kar liya. 1962 mean sanvidhan sanshodhan dvara purtagali bharat ko bharatiy ganarajy me shamil kar liya gaya.
bhautik evan manav bhoogol
bhoo-akriti
105 kilomitar samudri tat vale gova mean retile tat, muhane v aantarip haian. isake bhitari hisse mean nichale pathar aur lagabhag 1,220 mitar ooanche pashchimi ghatoan (sahyadri) ka ek hissa hai. gova ki do pramukh nadiyaan, maandovi v juari, ke muhane mean gova ka dvip (ilhas) sthit hai. is trikoniy dvip ka shirsh aantarip ek chattani muhana hai, jis par do langaragah haian. yahaan par tin shahar marmagav ya marmugova (vaskodigama sahit) madagaanv aur panaji (navagova) haian. purane gova shahar ka zyadatar hissa ab dhvast ho chuka hai, lekin gova ke shesh bharat mean vilay ke bad se hi isaki achchhi dekharekh ki jati rahi hai. purane gova ka hi ek upanagar panaji bhi mandovi ke baean tat par sthit hai. yah ek suniyojit shahar hai, jo bhavy charchoan, mukhy padari ke mahal, sachivalay, bazar aur koankan relamarg par sthit relave steshan se lage ek vishal bas adde se yukt hai. purane gova mean bam jisas ka vishal girajaghar (16vian sadi mean nirmit) aur ek vishv smarak sthit hai, jisamean sent fraansis zeviyar ke avashesh surakshit rakhe ge haian. yahaan par 16vian shatabdi mean sthapit dharmapith bhi hai.
bandaragah
aantarip se parilakshit aur adhunik jalarodhi v ghat se susajjit marmagav mumbee v koshikod (bhootapoorv kalikat, keral) ke bich sabase shreshth bandaragah haian. yah loh-ayask v maianganiz ke niryat ke sarvatha anukool hai. vaskodigama shahari kshetr v mandagaanv se guzarane vali relave lain ise karnatak mean loanda hokar jane vali mukhy dakshin relave se jo dati hai. uttar se dakshin ko jane vali nee koankan relave gova ke atirikt arthik vikas mean sahayata karati hai.
jalavayu
gova ki jalavayu ekaroop hai aur yahaan par joon se sitambar ke bich dakshini-pashchimi manasoon se varsha hoti hai.
janajivan
gova ki janasankhya mean hinduoan v eesaeeyoan ki sankhya sarvadhik hai. prashasan v janajivan ki bhasha purtagali thi. purtagali shasan aur arthik sthitiyoan ke karan hi govavasiyoan ne n keval bhootapoorv purtagali-afriki bastiyoan ki or, balki shesh bharat ki or bhi pravas kiya. purtagali sanskriti ka prabhav unake namoan, upanamoan, charchoan ki shailiyoan v makanoan mean dikhata hai. gova ka saanskritik paridrishy dilachasp vaishamy prastut karata hai. pashchimi samudri tat aur muhane s dak kinare ki saliboan, charchoan se chihnit hai aur roman kaithelik eesaee jivan paddhati ke karan vishisht lagate haian; to tiledar v paha didar poorv hindoo mandiroan v vedikaoan aur kuchh adivasiyoan sahit mukhyatah hindoo abadi se alag dikhate haian. nishchit roop se yahaan ek mishrit 'govani' sanskriti vikasit huee hai, jo dedipyaman v punarutthanit koankani bhasha mean vyakt hoti hai.
shiksha sansthan
gova mean skool se lekar k aaulej v takaniki sansthanoan tak vibhinn shreni ke shikshan v prashikshan sansthan haian. panaji ke nazadik hi gova vishvavidyalay sthit hai. ghat aur pot godi gatividhiyoan se paripoorn haian aur isase alag miramar tat hai. jahaan dakshini dhruv ke bare mean apane shodhoan v abhiyanoan ke lie prasiddh samudr vijnan sansthan sthit hai. aantarip par bhavy sarakari bhavan sthit hai. yahaan par eshiya ka vishalatam samudr vijnan bhavan banane ki yojana banaee ja rahi hai. shahari vikas mean vistar hua hai aur maandavi se porvorim tak phaila hai.
[[chitr:Basilica-Church-Goa.JPG|thumb|left|basilik charch, gova
Basilica Church, Goa]]
krishi
gova ke krishi utpadoan mean mukhy khady fasal chaval haian. isake atirikt dalean, ragi aur any khady fasalean bhi ugaee jati haian. nariyal, kajoo, supari tatha ganne jaisi nakadi fasaloan ke sath-sath yahaan anannas, am aur kela bhi hota hai. rajy mean 1,424 varg kilomitar se adhik kshetr mean ghane van haian. ye fasalean gova ke jivan v jivika ke lie kafi mahatvapoorn haian. nichale pathar aur pashchimi ghat ke dhalan vanachchhadit haian. sagaun, baans aur kajoo mahatvapoorn arthik utpad haian. yadyapi inhean phir se ugane ke prayas kie ja rahe haian, lekin loh-ayask v maianganiz ki khuli khadanean paryavaran ke lie gambhir khatara paida karati haian.
sichaee aur bijali
rajy mean 'selaulim' aur 'aanjunem' jaise baandhoan aur any laghu sianchaee pariyojanaoan ke hone se sianchit kshetr badhata ja raha hai. in pariyojanaoan se ab tak kul 43,000 hekteyar ki sianchaee kshamata upalabdh ho saki hai. rajy ke sabhi gaanvoan mean bijali pahuanchaee ja chuki hai aur shat-pratishat vidyutikaran ka lakshy prapt kiya ja chuka hai.
udyog tatha khanij
gova mean matsy udyog mahatvapoorn hai, sarakari nitiyoan v riyayatoan ne audyogik kshetr ke zariye gova ke tivr audyogikikaran ko badhava diya hai. urvarak, rasayan, dava, loha aur chini udyog yahaan ke b de udyog haian. yahaan par madhyam v laghu udyog bhi haian, jinamean paramparik hastashilp udyog bhi shamil hai. audyogik utpadoan ka bharat v videsh mean achchha bazar hai.
- rajy mean laghu udyogoan ki sankhya 7110 hai.
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- 20 audyogik parisar haian. rajy ke khanij utpadoan mean phairo maianganij, b aauksait, lauh-ayask adi shamil haian aur inake niryat se rajy ki arthavastha mean mahatvapoorn yogadan milata hai.
[[chitr:Dona-Paula-Beach-Goa.jpg|thumb|left|donapaula bich, gova
Dona Paula Beach, Goa]]
parivahan
- rajy mean rashtriy rajamargoan ki lanbaee 224 kilomitar tatha praantiy rajamargoan ki lanbaee 232 kilomitar hai. isake alava 815 kilomitar zila marg haian.
- gova koankan relave ke madhyam se muanbee, mangalor aur tiruvanantapuram se ju da hai. is relamarg par anek tej-raphtar relagadiyaan shuroo ki gee haian. vaskodigama dakshin madhy relave ke baiangalaur aur belagaanv steshanoan se ju da hai. is marg ka prayog mal yatayat ke lie hota hai.
- dabolim havaee adde se muanbee, dilli, tiruvanantapuram, kochchi, chennee, agati aur baiangalaur ke lie niyamit viman sevaean haian.
- maramugaanv rajy ka pramukh bandaragah hai. yahaan malavahak jahajoan ke lie suvidhaean upalabdh hai. isake alava panaji, tirakol, chapora betool aur talapona mean bhi chhote bandaragah haian, magar inamean se panaji pramukh vyast bandaragah hai. yahaan jahajoan ke lie ek pattan (port) bhi prarambh ho gaya hai.
[[chitr:Vagator-Beach-Goa-3.jpg|thumb|left|vagator bich, gova
Vagator Beach, Goa]]
prashasan
gova ke rajyapal ki niyukti rashtrapati dvara paanch varsh ke lie ki jati hai. vah daman v div tatha dadara evan nagar haveli kendrashashit kshetr ka bhi prashasak hota hai. gova vidhanasabha mean 40 sitean haian. chunav dvara chuni gee gova ki lokapriy sarakar prajataantrik moolyoan aur janata ke kalyan ke lie pratibaddh hai.
janasankhya
2001 ki janaganana ke anusar gova rajy ki kul janasankhya 13,43,998 hai, gramin kshetr ki janasankhya 6,75,129 hai aur shahar ki janasankhya 6,68,869 hai.
zile
gova rajy 2 jiloan mean vibhajit hai, jinaka kshetraphal, janasankhya is prakar hai-
- uttari gova - kshetraphal 1,736 varg ki.mi.- janasankhya 758,573 (2001 janaganana ke anusar) aur mukhyalay panaji hai.
- dakshini gova - kshetraphal 1,966 varg ki.mi.- janasankhya 589,095 (2001 janaganana ke anusar) aur mukhyalay maragaanv hai.
paryatan
gova mean paryatan ek phalata-phoolata udyam hai. isake lambe retile tat, tatiy vanaspatiyoan v nariyal ke paudhoan se bhare samudri kinare, purane hotal aur dabolim havaee adda bhari sankhya mean videshi paryatakoan, balki ab to bharatiy paryatakoan ko bhi akarshit karata hai. lekin isase gova ke prakritik paryavaran ke lie khatara bhi paida hota hai.
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bahari kadiyaan
vithika
- chitr:Anjuna-Beach-Goa.jpg
aanjuna bich, gova
Anjuna Beach, Goa - chitr:Fort-Aguada-Goa.jpg
aguda qila, gova
Aguada Fort, Goa - chitr:Anjuna-Beach-Goa-1.jpg
aanjuna bich, gov
Anjuna Beach, Goa - chitr:Chapora-Fort-Goa.jpg
chapora qila, gova
Chapora Fort, Goa - chitr:Anjuna-Beach-Goa-2.png
aanjuna bich, gova
Anjuna Beach, Goa - chitr:Mangeshi-Temple-Goa.jpg
mangeshi mandir, gova
Mangeshi Temple, Goa - chitr:Dudhsagar-Waterfall-Goa.jpg
doodhasagar jharana, gova
Dudhsagar Waterfall, Goa - chitr:Goa-University.jpg
gova vishvavidyalay
Goa University
sanbandhit lekh