भारत की स्वतंत्रता में जवाहरलाल नेहरू का योगदान
bharat ki svatantrata mean javaharalal neharoo ka yogadan
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| poora nam | pandit javaharalal neharoo |
| any nam | chacha neharoo, pandit ji |
| janm | 14 navambar, 1889 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 27 mee, 1964 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| mrityu karan | dil ka daura |
| abhibhavak | pan. motilal neharoo aur svaroop rani |
| pati/patni | kamala neharoo |
| santan | iandira gaandhi |
| smarak | shaantivan, dilli |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| pad | bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri |
| kary kal | 15 agast 1947-27 mee 1964 |
| shiksha | bairistar |
| vidyalay | ianglaind ke hairo skool, keanbrij ke triniti k aaulej |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| jel yatra | nau bar jel yatra ki |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn samman |
| sanbandhit lekh | jaliyaanvala bag, mahatma gaandhi, saradar patel, iandira gaandhi |
| rachanaean | vishv itihas ki jhalak, bharat ki khoj adi |
| any janakari | neharoo ji ka janm divas 14 navanbar poore desh mean bal divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai. |
javaharalal neharoo mahatma gaandhi ke kandhe se kandha milakar aangrezoan ke khilaf l de. chahe asahayog aandolan ki bat ho ya phir namak satyagrah ya phir 1942 ke bharat chho do aandolan ki bat ho unhoanne gaandhi ji ke har aandolan mean badh-chadh kar bhag liya. malik ne bataya ki neharoo ki vishv ke bare mean janakari se gaandhi ji kafi prabhavit the aur isilie azadi ke bad vah unhean pradhanamantri pad par dekhana chahate the. sanh 1920 mean unhoanne uttar pradesh ke pratapagadh zile mean pahale kisan march ka ayojan kiya. 1923 mean vah akhil bharatiy kaangres samiti ke mahasachiv chune ge.
bharat ki svatantrata ke lie sangharsh
| varsh | ghatana kram |
|---|---|
| 1889 | 14 navanbar janm ilahabad uttar pradesh |
| 1912 | ilahabad uchch nyayalay ki bar ki sadasyata |
| 1916 | 8 faravari shrimati kamala neharoo se vivah |
| 1917 | 19 navanbar iandira gaandhi ka janm |
| 1921 | pahali bar jel gaye |
| 1923 | pita motilal neharoo ne kaangres chho d di. |
| 1924 | ilahabad mahanagar palika ke adhyaksh bane |
| 1926 | yoorop ki yatra ki |
| 1929 | kaangres ke adhyaksh chune gaye |
| 1931 | motilal neharoo ki mrityu |
| 1944 | bharat ek khoj pustak likhi. |
| 1947 | bharat ke pratham pradhan mantri ban. |
| 1948 | gaandhi ji ki hatya. |
| 1951 | pahali panchavarshiy yojana lagoo ki. |
| 1964 | 27 mee nidhan |
saiman kamishan ke viruddh lakhanoo ke pradarshan mean unhoanne bhag liya. ek ahiansatmak satyagrahi hone par bhi unhean pulis ki lathiyoan ki gahari mar sahani p di. 1928 ee. mean ve bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke mahamantri bane 1929 ke lahaur adhiveshan ke bad neharoo desh ke buddhijiviyoan aur yuvaoan ke neta ke roop mean ubhare. neharoo ji ne kaha tha:-
mere vichar mean, ham bharatavasiyoan ke lie- ek videshi bhasha ko apani sarakari bhasha ke roop mean svikarana sarasar ashobhaniy hoga. maian apako kah sakata hooan ki bahut bar jab ham log videshoan mean jate haian, aur hamean apane hi deshavasiyoan se aangrezi mean batachit karani p dati hai, to mujhe kitana bura lagata hai. logoan ko bahut tajjub hota hai, aur ve hamase poochhate haian ki hamari koee bhasha nahian hai? hamean videshi bhasha mean kyoan bolana p data haian?
yah sochakar ki us samay ativadi vamapanthi dhara ki or akarshit ho rahe yuvaoan ko neharoo kaangres aandolan ki mukhyadhara mean shamil kar sakeange, gaandhi ne buddhimanipoorvak kuchh varishth netaoan ko anadekha karate hue unhean kaangres parti ka adhyaksh bana diya. mahatma ka yah akalan bhi sahi tha ki is atirikt zimmedari ke sath neharoo bhi madhyam marg par qayam raheange.
rajanitik uttaradhikari ke roop mean
1931 mean pita ki mrityu ke bad javaharalal kaangres ki keandriy parishad mean shamil ho ge aur mahatma ke aantarang ban ge. yadyapi 1942 tak gaandhi ne adhikarik roop se unhean apana rajanitik uttaradhikari ghoshit nahian kiya tha, par 1930 ke dashak ke madhy mean hi desh ko gaandhi ji ke svabhavik uttaradhikari ke roop mean neharoo dikhaee dene lage the. march 1931 mean mahatma aur british vaisar aauy l aaurd iravin (bad mean l aaurd hailifaiks) ke bich hue gaandhi-iravin samajhaute se bharat ke do pramukh netaoan ke bich samajhaute ka abhas milane laga. isane ek sal pahale shuroo kie ge gaandhi ke prabhavashali savinay avajna andolan ko tezi pradan ki, jisake dauran neharoo ko giraftar kiya gaya.
golamej sammelan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yah asha ki gaandhi-iravin samajhauta bharat aur briten ke sanbandhoan mean shaanti ka poorvabhas sabit hoga, sakar nahian huee; l aaurd vailiangadan (jinhoanne vaisar aauy ke roop mean 1931 mean l aaurd iravin ka sthan liya) ne doosare golamej sammelan ke bad landan se svadesh lautane ke kuchh hi samay bad janavari 1932 mean gaandhi ko jel bhej diya. un par phir se savinay avajna andolan shuroo karane ke prayas ka arop lagaya gaya. neharoo ko bhi gitaftar karake do sal ke karavas ki saza di gee.
praantiy svashasan
bharat mean svashasan ki sthapana ki prakriya ko age badhane ke lie landan mean hue golamez sammelanoan ki parinati aantatah 1935 ke gavarnameant aauph iandiya aikt ke roop mean huee, jisake tahat bharatiy praantoan ke lokapriy svashasi sarakar ki pranali pradan ki gee. akhirakar isase ek sanghiy pranali ka janm hua, jisamean svayattashasi praant aur rajava de shamil the. sangh kabhi astitv mean nahian aya, lekin praantiy svashasan lagoo ho gaya. neharoo ji ne kaha tha:-
ap mean jitana adhik anushasan hoga, ap mean utani hi age badhane ki shakti hogi. koee bhi desh-jisamean n to thopa gaya anushasan hai, aur n atma-anushasan-bahut samay tak nahian tik sakata.
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javahar lal neharoo hamari pidhi ke ek mahanatam vyakti the. vah ek aise advitiy rajanitijn the, jinaki manav-mukti ke prati sevaean chirasmaraniy raheangi. svadhinata-sangram ke yoddha ke roop mean vah yashasvi the aur adhunik bharat ke nirman ke lie unaka aanshadan abhootapoorv tha.:- poorv rashtrapati d aau. radhakrishnan
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1930 ke dashak ke madhy mean neharoo yoorop ke ghatanakram ke prati zyada chiantit the, jo ek any vishv yuddh ki or badhata pratit ho raha tha. 1936 ke aranbh mean vah apani bimar patni ke ilaj ke lie yoorop mean the. isake kuchh hi samay bad svitzaralaiand ke ek senitoriyam mean unaki patni ki mrityu ho gee. us samay bhi unhoanne is bat par bal diya ki yuddh ki sthiti mean bharat ka sthan lokataantrik deshoan ke sath hoga, halaanki vah is bat par bhi zor dete the ki bharat ek svatantr deshoan ke roop mean hi gret briten aur fraans ke samarthan mean yuddh kar sakata hai.
kaangres aur muslim lig ke bich vivad
praantiy svayattata lagoo hone ke bad hue chunav mean adhikaansh praantoan mean kaangres parti sattaroodh huee, to neharoo duvidha mean p d ge. chunavoan mean muhammad ali jinna (jo pakistan ke janak bane) ke netritv mean muslim lig ka pradarshan achchha nahian raha. isalie kaangres ne adooradarshita dikhate hue kuchh praantoan mean muslim lig aur kaangres ki gathabandhan sarakar banane ke jinna ke anurodh ko thukara diya. is nirnay mean neharoo ki koee bhoomika nahian thi. isake phalasvaroop kaangres aur muslim lig ke bich ke vivad ne aantatah hinduoan aur musalamanoan ke bich sangharsh ka roop le liya, jisaki parinati bharat ke vibhajan aur pakistan ke gathan ke roop mean huee.
dvitiy vishv yuddh ke dauran karavas
[[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-Family-2.jpg|javaharalal neharoo apani patni kamala neharoo aur beti iandira gaandhi ke sath
Jawahar Lal Nehru with his wife Kamla Nehru And Daughter Indira Gandhi|thumb]]
sitanbar 1939 mean dvitiy vishv yuddh chhi dane ke bad jab vaisar aauy l aaurd linalithago ne svayattashasi praantiy mantrimandaloan se paramarsh kie bina bharat ko yuddh mean jhoank diya, to isake virodh mean kaangres parti ke alakaman ne apane praantiy mantrimandal vapas le lie. kaangres ki is karravaee se rajaniti ka akha da jinna aur muslim lig ke lie saf ho gaya.
vicharoan mean matabhed
yuddh ke bare mean neharoo ke vichar gaandhi se bhinn the.
- aranbh mean mahatma ka vichar tha ki aangrezoan ko bina shart samarthan diya jae aur yah samarthan ahiansak hona chahie.
- neharoo ka vichar tha ki akraman se pratiraksha mean ahiansa ka koee sthan nahian hai aur sirf ek svatantr desh ke roop mean hi bharat ko naziyoan ke khilaf yuddh mean gret briten ka sath dena chahie. agar bharat madad nahian kar sakata, to a dachan bhi n dale.
'hindi' ka mazahab se koee sambandh nahian, aur hindoostani musalaman aur eesaee usi tarah se zinda haian-jis tarah ki ek hindoo mat ka manane vala. amarika ke log, jo sabhi hindustaniyoan ko 'hindoo' kahate haian, bahut galati nahian karate agar ve 'hindi' shabd ka prayog karean, to unaka prayog bilkul thik hoga. javahar lal neharoo
aktoobar 1940 mean mahatma gaandhi ne apane mool vichar se hatakar ek simit nagarik avajna aandolan shuroo karane ka faisala kiya, jisamean bharat ki azadi ke agrani pakshadharoan ko kramanusar hissa lene ke lie chuna gaya tha. neharoo ko giraftar karake char varsh ke karavas ki saza di gee. ek varsh se kuchh adhik samay tak zel mean rahane ke bad unhean any kaangresi qaidiyoan ke sath riha kar diya gaya. isake tin din bad havaee mean parl harabar par bamabari huee. 1942 ki basant rritu mean, jab japan ne barma (vartaman myaanmar) ke raste bharat ki simaoan par hamala kiya, to is ne sainik khatare ke maddenazar british sarakar ne bharat ki taraf tho da hath badhane ka faisala kiya. pradhanamantri vinstan charchil ne sar steford krips, jo yuddh mantrimandal ke sadasy aur rajanitik roop se neharoo ke nazadiki tatha jinna ke parichit the, ko sanvaidhanik samasyaoan ko sulajhane ke prastavoan ke sath bheja. krips ka yah abhiman asaphal raha, kyoanki gaandhi svatantrata se kam kuchh bhi svikar karane ke paksh mean nahian the.
bharat chho do prastav
kaangres parti mean ab netrivy gaandhi ke hathoan mean tha, jinhoanne aangrezoan ko bharat chho d dene ka ahvan kiya, neharoo halaanki yuddh- prayatnoan par prashn uthane mean sankoch kar rahe the, lekin gaandhi ka sath dene ke alava unake pas koee chara nahian tha. 8 agast 1942 ko muanbee mean kaangres parti dvara 'bharat chho do' prastav parit karane ke bad gaandhi ji aur neharoo samet samoochi kaangres karyakarini samiti ko giraftar karake jel bhej diya gaya. apane nauvean aur aantim karavas se neharoo 15 joon 1945 ko riha hue.
bharat aur pakistan ka vibhajan
[[chitr:Arunoday.jpg|right|thumb|250px|15 agast 1947 yugavani mean prakashit pan. neharoo ka vaktavy]] do varsh ke bhitar bharat ko svatantr aur vibhajit hona tha. vaisar aauy l aaurd vevel dvara kaangres parti aur muslim lig ko sath lane ki aantim koshish bhi naqam rahi. is bich landan mean yuddh ke dauran sattaroodh charchil prashasan ka sthan lebar parti ki sarakar ne le liya tha. usane apane pahale kary ke roop mean bharat mean ek kaibinet mishan bheja aur bad mean l aaurd vevel ki jagah l aaurd mauantabetan ko niyukt kar diya. ab prashn bharat ki svatantrata ka nahian, balki yah tha ki isamean ek hi svatantr rajy hoga ya ek se adhik hoange. jahaan gaandhi ne vibhajan ko svikar karane se inkar kar diya. vahian neharoo ne anichchha, lekin yatharthavadita se maun sahamati de di. bharat ki svatantrata divas par prakashit hone vale uttarakhand ke pramukh patr yugavani mean neharoo ji dvara dinaank 9 agast 1947 ko dilli ke ramalila maidan mean diye gaye bhashan ka aansh prakashit karate huye likha gaya tha ki pan. javahar lal neharoo ne kaha ki -
15 agast duniya ke itihas mean ek aitihasik ghatana ka din hoga. is din duniya se aupaniveshik samrajyavad ka aant ho jayega jisaki nianv 150 varsh pahale briten ne bharat mean dali thi. 5 varsh huye 1942 mean kaangres ne briten ko bharat chhodane ko kaha tha aj se 6 din bad hamara sankalp phalibhoot hoga...
15 agast 1947 ko bharat aur pakistan do alag-alag svatantr desh bane. neharoo svadhin bharat ke pahale pradhanamantri ho ge.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh