स्वस्तिक
svastik
Swastika|250px|thumb
atyant prachin kal se hi bharatiy sanskriti mean svastik ko mangal-pratik mana jata raha hai. isilie kisi bhi shubh kary ko karane se pahale svastik chihv aankit karake usaka poojan kiya jata hai. grihapravesh se pahale mukhy dvar ke oopar svastik chihv aankit karake kalyan ki kamana ki jati hai. devapoojan, vivah, vyapar, bahikhata poojan, shiksharambh tatha mundan-sanskar adi mean bhi svastik-poojan avashyak samajha jata hai. mahilaean apane hathoan mean mehandi se svastik chihv banati haian. ise daivik apatti ya dushtatmaoan se mukti dilane vala mana jata hai.[1]
svastik aryatv ka chinh mana jata hai. jab jarmani mean natsiyoan ne ise vishuddh aryatv ka pratik ghoshit kiya to isaka vishvavyapi mahattv ho gaya. vaidik sahity mean svastik ki charcha nahian haian. yah shabd ee॰ sanh ki prarambhik shatabdiyoan ke granthoan mean milata hai jabaki dharmik kala mean isaka prayog shubh mana jata hai. kiantu orel stain ka mat hai ki yah pratik pahale pahal baloochistan sthit shahi tump ki dhoosar bhaandavali sanskriti mean milata hai jise hadappa se pahale ka mana jata hai aur jisaka sambandh dakshin eeran ki sanskriti se sthapit kiya jata hai.[2] stain ki drishti se svastik ka pratik anokha hai kiantu aranest maike ke anusar yah sabase pahale-pahal elam arthath ary poorv eeran mean prakat hota hai.[3] svastik vale thappe h dappaee mean aur allin-depe mean paye gaye haian.[4] aur unaka samay 2300-2000 ee॰ poo॰ hai.[4] shahi tump mean svastik pratik ka prayog shraddh vale baratanoan par hota tha, aur 1200 ee॰ poo॰ ke lagabhag dakshin tajikistan mean jo qabragah mile haian aur unamean qabr ki jagah par is prakar ka chinh milata hai.[5]
arth
svastik shabd su+as+k se bana hai. 'su' ka arth achchha, 'as' ka arth satta 'ya' astitv aur 'k' ka arth hai karta ya karane vala. is prakar svastik shabd ka arth hua achchha ya mangal karane vala.
amarakosh mean svastik ka arth ashirvad, mangal ya punyakary karana likha hai, arthat sabhi dishaoan mean sabaka kalyan ho. is prakar svastik mean kisi vyakti ya jati vishesh ka nahian, apitu sampoorn vishv ke kalyan ya vasudhaiv kutumbakamh ki bhavana nihit hai. prachinakal mean hamare yahaan koee bhi shreshth kary karane se poorv mangalacharan likhane ki paranpara thi, lekin lekin am adami ke lie mangalacharan likhana sambhav nahian tha, isalie rrishiyoan ne svastik chinh ka parikalpana ki, taki sabhi ke kary sanand sampann hoan.[6]
akriti
svastik mean ek doosare ko katati huee do sidhi rekhaean hoti haian, jo age chalakar mud jati haian. isake bad bhi ye rekhaean apane siroan par thodi aur age ki taraph mudi hoti haian. svastik ki yah akriti do prakar ki ho sakati hai. pratham svastik, jisamean rekhaean age ki or iangit karati huee hamare dayian or mudati haian. ise dakshinavart svastik kahate haian. doosari akriti mean rekhaean pichhe ki or sanket karati huee hamare bayian or mudati haian. ise vamavart svastik kahate haian. svastik ki do rekhaean purush aur prakriti ki pratik haian.
pauranik mahatv
bharatiy sanskriti mean svastik chihv ko vishnu, soory, srishtichakr tatha sampoorn brahmand ka pratik mana gaya hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne ise ganesh ka pratik manakar ise pratham vandaniy bhi mana hai. puranoan mean ise sudarshan chakr ka pratik mana gaya hai. vayaviy sanhita mean svastik ko ath yaugik asanoan mean ek batalaya gaya hai. yaskachary ne ise brahm ka hi ek svaroop mana hai. kuchh vidvan isaki char bhujaoan ko hinduoan ke char varnoan ki ekata ka pratik manate haian. in bhujaoan ko brahma ke char mukh, char hath aur char vedoan ke roop mean bhi svikar kiya gaya hai. svastik ki khadi rekha ko svayan jyotirliang ka tatha adi rekha ko vishv ke vistar ka bhi sanket mana jata hai. in charoan bhujaoan ko charoan dishaoan ke kalyan ki kamana ke pratik ke roop mean bhi svikar kiya jata hai, jinhean bad mean isi bhavana ke sath redakr aaus sosayati ne bhi apanaya.
dharmik mahatv
hamare maangalik pratikoan mean svastik ek aisa chihv hai, jo atyant prachin kal se lagabhag sabhi dharmoan aur sampradayoan mean prachalit raha hai. bharat mean to isaki jadean gaharayi se paithi huee haian hi, videshoan mean bhi isaka kaphi adhik prachar prasar hua hai. anuman hai ki vyapari aur paryatakoan ke madhyam se hi hamara yah maangalik pratik videshoan mean pahuancha. bharat ke saman videshoan mean bhi svastik ko shubh aur vijay ka pratik chihv mana gaya. isake nam avashy hi alag-alag sthanoan mean, samay-samay par alag-alag rahe.
sindhu ghati se prapt bartan aur mudraoan par hamean svastik ki akritiyaan khudi mili haian, jo isaki prachinata ka jvalant praman hai. sindhu-ghati sabhyata ke log sooryapoojak the aur svastik chihv, soory ka bhi pratik mana jata raha hai. eesa se poorv pratham shatabdi ki khandagiri, udayagiri ki rani ki gupha mean bhi svastik chihv mile haian. matsy puran mean maangalik pratik ke roop mean svastik ki charcha ki gayi hai. panini ki vyakaran mean bhi svastik ka ullekh hai. pali bhasha mean svastik ko sakshiyoan ke nam se pukara gaya, jo bad mean sakhi ya saki kahalaye jane lage. jain parampara mean maangalik pratik ke roop mean svikrit ashtamangal dravyoan mean svastik ka sthan sarvopari hai.
mangal pratik
svastik chihv ki char rekhaoan ko char prakar ke mangal ki pratik mana jata hai. ve haian - arahant-mangal, siddh-mangal, sahoo-mangal aur kevali pannatto dhammo mangal. mahatma buddh ki moortiyoan par aur unake chitroan par bhi prayah svastik chihv milate haian. amaravati ke stoop par svastik chihv haian. videshoan mean is mangal-pratik ke prachar-prasar mean bauddh dharm ke pracharakoan ka bhi kaphi yogadan raha hai.
vishvavyapi prabhav
bauddh dharm ke prabhav ke karan hi japan mean prapt mahatma buddh ki prachin moortiyoan par svastik chihv aankit hue mile haian. eeran, yoonan, maiksiko aur saipras mean ki gee khudaiyoan mean jo mitti ke prachin bartan mile haian, unamean se anek par svastik chihv haian. aaustriya ke rashtriy sangrahalay mean apolo devata ki ek pratima hai, jis par svastik chihv bana hua hai. tarki mean eesa se 2200 varsh poorv ke dhvaj-dandoan mean aankit svastik chihv mile haian. itali ke anek prachin asthi kalashoan par bhi svastik chihv haian. ethens mean shatragar ke samane yah chihv bana hua hai. sk aautalaind aur ayaralaind mean anek aise prachin patthar mile haian, jin par svastik chihv aankit haian. prarambhik eesaee smarakoan par bhi svastik chihv dekhe gaye haian. kuchh eesaee puratattvavettaoan ka vichar hai ki eesaee dharm ke pratik kr aaus ka bhi prachinatam roop svastik hi hai. chhathi shatabdi mean chini raja voo ne svastik ko soory ke pratik ke roop mean manane ki ghoshana ki thi.[1]
beljiyam mean namoor sangrahalay mean ek aisa upakaran hai jo haddi se bana hua hai. us par kr aaus ke kee chinh bane hue haian tatha un chinhoan ke bich mean ek svastik chinh bhi hai. itali ke sangrahalay mean rakhe ek bhale par bhi svastik ka chinh haian. vahaan ke anek prachin asthikalashoan par bhi svastik chinh milate haian. svastik ko sukh aur saubhagy ka pratik manate haian. ve aj bhi ise apane abhooshanoan mean dharan karate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ary sanskriti ka mangal pratik - svastik (hindi) leks peradais. abhigaman tithi: 8 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ ech॰ di॰ saankaliya, di prihistri eand protohistri aauv iandiya eand pakistan, dakkan k aaulej postagraidyooet eand risarch inastityoot, poona, 1974, pri॰ 323-24
- ↑ yadyapi svastik kuchh h dappaee muharoan par milata hai, maike ke anusar yah siandhu ghati ki visheshata nahian hai. unake anusar yah bahut pahale mila. arli iandas sivilaizeshan, dorathi maike ke dvara parivarddhit evan sanshodhit dvitiy sanskaran, iandol aaujikal buk k aauporeshan, dilli, 1976, pri॰ 71-72
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 dani eand maisan, san॰ udadhrit pustak mean vi॰ em॰ maisan "di br aaunj ej in khorasan eand traansaaukasiyana", pri॰ 242
- ↑ dani eand maisan, san॰, udadhrit pustak mean litavianski eand payankov "pestr aaural traibs aauv di br aaunj ej in di aksas vaili (baiktriya)", pri॰ 394
- ↑ ary sanskriti ka mangal pratik- svastik (hindi) navabharat taims. abhigaman tithi: 8 aktoobar, 2010.