भारत का संविधान- मूलभूत अधिकार

bhag- 3 moolabhoot adhikar

12. paribhasha-

is bhag mean, jab tak ki sandarbh se anyatha apekshit n ho, rajy ke aantargat bharat ki sarakar aur sansad tatha rajyoan mean se pratyek rajy ki sarakar aur vidhan-mandal tatha bharat ke rajyakshetr ke bhitar ya bharat sarakar ke niyantran ke adhin sabhi sthaniy aur any pradhikari haian.

13. mool adhikaroan se asangat ya unaka alpikaran karane vali vidhiyaan-

• (1) is sanvidhan ke praranbh se thik pahale bharat ke rajyakshetr mean pravritt sabhi vidhiyaan us matra tak shoony hoangi, jis tak ve is bhag ke upabandhoan se asangat haian.
  
• (2) rajy aisi koee vidhi nahian banaega, jo is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan ko chhinati hai ya nyoon karati hai aur is khand ke ullanghan mean banaee gee pratyek vidhi ullanghan ki matra tak shoony hogi.
  
• (3) is anuchchhed mean, jab tak ki sandarbh se anyatha apekshit n ho,-
  
  • (k) 'vidhi' ke aantargat bharat ke rajyakshetr mean vidhi ka bal rakhane vala koee adhyadesh, adesh, upavidhi, niyam, viniyam, adhisoochana, rooandhi़ ya pratha hai;
    
  • (kh) pravritt vidhi ke aantargat bharat ke rajyakshetr mean kisi vidhan-mandal ya any saksham pradhikari dvara is sanvidhan ke praranbh se pahale parit ya banaee gee vidhi hai, jo pahale hi nirasit nahian kar di gee hai, chahe aisi koee vidhi ya usaka koee bhag us samay poornataya ya vishisht kshetroan mean pravartan mean nahian hai.
    
• (4) is anuchchhed ki koee bat anuchchhed 368 ke adhin kie ge is sanvidhan ke kisi sanshodhan ko lagoo nahian hogi.

samata ka adhikar

14. vidhi ke samaksh samata-

rajy, bharat ke rajyakshetr mean kisi vyikt ko vidhi ke samaksh samata se ya vidhiyoan ke saman sanrakshan se vanchit nahian karega.

15. dharm, moolavansh, jati, liang ya janm-sthan ke adhar par vibhed ka pratishedh-

• (1)rajy, kisi nagarik ke viruanddh ke keval dharm, moolavansh, jati, liang, janm-sthan ya inamean se kisi ke adhar par koee vibhed nahian karega.
  
• (2)koee nagarik keval dharm, moolavansh, jati, liang, janm-sthan ya inamean se kisi ke adhar par-
  
  • (k) dukanoan, sarvajanik bhojanalayoan, hotaloan aur sarvajanik manoranjan ke sthanoan mean pravesh, ya
    
  • (kh) poornat: ya bhagat: rajy-nidhi se poshit ya sadharan janata ke prayog ke lie samarpit kuoan, talaboan, snan ghatoan, s dakoan aur sarvajanik samagam ke sthanoan ke upayog, ke sanbandh mean kisi bhi niryogyata, dayitv, nirbandhan ya shart ke adhin nahian hoga.
    
• (3) is anuchchhed ki koee bat rajy ko striyoan aur balakoan ke lie koee vishesh upabandh karane se nivarit nahian karegi.
  
• (4) is anuchchhed ki ya anuchchhed 29 ke khand (2) ki koee bat rajy ko samajik aur shaikshik drishti se pichh de hue nagarikoan ke kinhian vargoan ki unnati ke lie ya anusoochit jatiyoan aur anusoochit janajatiyoan ke lie koee vishesh upabandh karane se nivarit nahian karegi.
  

16. lok niyojan ke vishay mean avasar ki samata-

• (1)rajy ke adhin kisi pad par niyojan ya niyukti se sanbandhit vishayoan mean sabhi nagarikoan ke lie avasar ki samata hogi.
  
• (2)rajy ke adhin kisi niyojan ya pad ke sanbandh mean keval dharm, moolavansh, jati, liang, udbhav, janm-sthan, nivas ya inamean se kisi ke adhar par n to koee nagarik apatr hoga aur n usase vibhed kiya jaega.
  
• (3) is anuchchhed ki koee bat sansad ko koee aisi vidhi banane se nivarit nahian karegi jo [kisi rajy ya sangh rajyakshetr ki sarakar ke ya usamean ke kisi sthaniy ya any pradhikari ke adhin vale kisi varg ya vargoan ke pad par niyojan ya niyukti ke sanbandh mean aise niyojan ya niyukti se pahale us rajy ya sangh rajyakshetr ke bhitar nivas vishayak koee apeksha vihit karati hai.]
  
• (4) is anuchchhed ki koee bat rajy ko pichh de hue nagarikoan ke kisi varg ke paksh mean, jinaka pratinidhitv rajy ki ray mean rajy ke adhin sevaoan mean paryapt nahian hai, niyuktiyoan ya padoan ke arakshan ke lie upabandh karane se nivarit nahian karegi.
  
• [(4k) is anuchchhed ki koee bat rajy ko anusoochit jatiyoan aur anusoochit janajatiyoan ke paksh mean, jinaka pratinidhitv rajy ki ray mean rajy ke adhin sevaoan mean paryapt nahian hai, rajy ke adhin sevaoan mean [kisi varg ya vargoan ke padoan par, parinamik jyeshthata sahit, pronnati ke mamaloan mean] arakshan ke lie upabandh karane se nivarit nahian karegi.]
  
• [(4kh) is anuchchhed ki koee bat rajy ko kisi varsh mean kinhian n bhari gee aisi riktiyoan ko, jo khand (4) ya khand (4k) ke adhin kie ge arakshan ke lie kisi upabandh ke anusar us varsh mean bhari jane ke lie arakshit haian, kisi uttaravarti varsh ya varshoan mean bhare jane ke lie prithakh varg ki riktiyoan ke rooanp mean vichar karane se nivarit nahian karegi aur aise varg ki riktiyoan par us varsh ki riktiyoan ke sath jisamean ve bhari ja rahi haian, us varsh ki riktiyoan ki kul sankhya ke sanbandh mean pachas pratishat arakshan ki adhikatam sima ka avadharan karane ke lie vichar nahian kiya jaega.]
  
• (5) is anuchchhed ki koee bat kisi aisi vidhi ke pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi jo yah upabandh karati hai ki kisi dharmik ya saanpradayik sanstha ke karyakalap se sanbandhit koee padadhari ya usake shasi nikay ka koee sadasy kisi vishisht dharm ka manane vala ya vishisht sanpraday ka hi ho.
  

17. asprishyata ka aant-

asprishyata ka aant kiya jata hai aur usaka kisi bhi rooanp mean acharan nishiddh kiya jata hai. asprishyata se upaji kisi niryogyata ko lagoo karana aparadh hoga jo vidhi ke anusar dandaniy hoga.

18. upadhiyoan ka aant-

• (1) rajy, sena ya vidya sanbandhi samman ke sivay aur koee upadhi pradan nahian karega.
  
• (2) bharat ka koee nagarik kisi videshi rajy se koee upadhi svikar nahian karega.
  
• (3) koee vyikt, jo bharat ka nagarik nahian hai, rajy ke adhin labh ya vishvas ke kisi pad ko dharan karate hue kisi videshi rajy se koee upadhi rashtrapati ki sahamati ke bina svikar nahian karega.
  
• (4) rajy ke adhin labh ya vishvas ka pad dharan karane vala koee vyikt kisi videshi rajy se ya usake adhin kisi rooanp mean koee bheant, upalabdhi ya pad rashtrapati ki sahamati ke bina svikar nahian karega.

svatantry-adhikar

19. vakh-svatantry adi vishayak kuchh adhikaroan ka sanrakshan-

• (1) sabhi nagarikoan ko-
  
  • (k) vakh-svatantry aur abhivyakti-svatantry ka,
    
  • (kh) shaantipoorvak aur nirayudh sammelan ka,
    
  • (g) sangam ya sangh banane ka,
    
  • (gh) bharat ke rajyakshetr mean sarvatr abadh sancharan ka,
    
  • (n) bharat ke rajyakshetr ke kisi bhag mean nivas karane aur bas jane ka, [aur]
    
  • [*****]
    
  • (chh) koee vritti, upajivika, vyapar ya karabar karane ka, adhikar hoga.
    
• [(2) khand (1) ke upakhand (k) ki koee bat ukt upakhand dvara die ge adhikar ke prayog par [bharat ki prabhuta aur akhandata, rajy ki suraksha, videshi rajyoan ke sath maitripoorn sanbandhoan, lok vyavastha, shishtachar ya sadachar ke hitoan mean athava nyayalay-avaman, manahani ya aparadh-uddipan ke sanbandh mean yuktiyukt nirbandhan jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi adhiropit karati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya vaise nirbandhan adhiropit karane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi.]
  
• (3) ukt khand ke upakhand (kh) ki koee bat ukt upakhand dvara die ge adhikar ke prayog par [bharat ki prabhuta aur akhandata ya] lok vyavastha ke hitoan mean yuktiyukt nirbandhan jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi adhiropit karati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya vaise nirbandhan adhiropit karane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi.
  
• (4) ukt khand ke upakhand (g) ki koee bat ukt upakhand dvara die ge adhikar ke prayog par [bharat ki prabhuta aur akhandata ya] lok vyavastha ya sadachar ke hitoan mean yuktiyukt nirbandhan jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi adhiropit karati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya vaise nirbandhan adhiropit karane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi.
  
• (5) ukt khand ke [upakhand (gh) aur upakhand (n)] ki koee bat ukt upakhandoan dvara die ge adhikaroan ke prayog par sadharan janata ke hitoan mean ya kisi anusoochit janajati ke hitoan ke sanrakshan ke lie yuktiyukt nirbandhan jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi adhiropit karati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya vaise nirbandhan adhiropit karane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi.
  
• (6) ukt khand ke upakhand (chh) ki koee bat ukt upakhand dvara die ge adhikar ke prayog par sadharan janata ke hitoan mean yuktiyukt nirbandhan jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi adhiropit karati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya vaise nirbandhan adhiropit karane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi aur vishishtaya [ukt upakhand ki koee bat-
  
  • (i) koee vritti, upajivika, vyapar ya karabar karane ke lie avashyak vrittik ya takaniki arhataoan se, ya
    
  • (ii) rajy dvara ya rajy ke svamitv ya niyantran mean kisi nigam dvara koee vyapar, karabar, udyog ya seva, nagarikoan ka poornat: ya bhagat: apavarjan karake ya anyatha, chalae jane se, jahaan tak koee vidyaman vidhi sanbandh rakhati hai vahaan tak usake pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya is prakar sanbandh rakhane vali koee vidhi banane se rajy ko nivarit nahian karegi.]
    

20. aparadhoan ke lie doshasiddhi ke sanbandh mean sanrakshan-

• (1) koee vyakti kisi aparadh ke lie tab tak siddhadosh nahian thaharaya jaega, jab tak ki usane aisa koee kary karane ke samay, jo aparadh ke rooanp mean aropit hai, kisi pravritt vidhi ka atikraman nahian kiya hai ya usase adhik shasti ka bhagi nahian hoga jo us aparadh ke kie jane ke samay pravritt vidhi ke adhin adhiropit ki ja sakati thi.
  
• (2) kisi vyakti ko ek hi aparadh ke lie ek bar se adhik abhiyojit aur dandit nahian kiya jaega.
  
• (3) kisi aparadh ke lie abhiyukt kisi vyakti ko svayan apane viruanddh sakshi hone ke lie badhy nahian kiya jaega.
  

21. pran aur daihik svatantrata ka sanrakshan-

kisi vyikt ko usake pran ya daihik svatantrata se vidhi dvara sthapit prakriya ke anusar hi vanchit kiya jaega, anyatha nahian.

21k. shiksha ka adhikar-

[rajy, chhah varsh se chaudah varsh tak ki ayu vale sabhi balakoan ke lie ni:shulk aur anivary shiksha dene ka aisi riti mean, jo rajy vidhi dvara, avadharit kare, upabandh karega.]

22. kuchh dashaoan mean giraphtari aur nirodh se sanrakshan-

• (1) kisi vyakti ko jo giraphtar kiya gaya hai, aisi giraphtari ke karanoan se yathashighr avagat karae bina abhiraksha mean niruanddh nahian rakha jaega ya apani ruanchi ke vidhi vyavasayi se paramarsh karane aur pratiraksha karane ke adhikar se vanchit nahian rakha jaega.
  
• (2) pratyek vyakti ko, jo giraphtar kiya gaya hai aur abhiraksha mean niruanddh rakha gaya hai, giraphtari ke sthan se majistret ke nyayalay tak yatra ke lie avashyak samay ko chho dakar aisi giraphtari se chaubis ghante ki avadhi mean nikatatam majistret ke samaksh pesh kiya jaega aur aise kisi vyakti ko majistret ke pradhikar ke bina ukt avadhi se adhik avadhi ke lie abhiraksha mean niruanddh nahian rakha jaega.
  
• (3) khand (1) aur khand (2) ki koee bat kisi aise vyakti ko lagoo nahian hogi jo-
  
  • (k) tatsamay shatru anyadeshiy hai; ya
    
  • (kh) nivarak nirodh ka upabandh karane vali kisi vidhi ke adhin giraphtar ya niruanddh kiya gaya hai.
    
• (4) nivarak nirodh ka upabandh karane vali koee vidhi kisi vyikt ka tin mas se adhik avadhi ke lie tab tak niruanddh kiya jana pradhikrit nahian karegi jab tak ki-
  
  • (k) aise vyaktiyoan se, jo uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish haian ya nyayadhish rahe haian ya nyayadhish niyukt hone ke lie arhit haian, milakar bane salahakar bord ne tin mas ki ukt avadhi ki samapti se pahale yah prativedan nahian diya hai ki usaki ray mean aise nirodh ke lie paryapt karan haian, parantu is upakhand ki koee bat kisi vyikt ka us adhikatam avadhi se adhik avadhi ke lie niruanddh kiya jana pradhikrit nahian karegi jo khand (7) ke upakhand (kh) ke adhin sansad dvara banaee gee vidhi dvara vihit ki gee hai; ya
    
  • (kh) aise vyakti ko khand (7) ke upakhand (k) aur upakhand (kh) ke adhin sansad dvara banaee gee vidhi ke upabandhoan ke anusar niruanddh nahian kiya jata hai.
    
• (5) nivarak nirodh ka upabandh karane vali kisi vidhi ke adhin kie ge adesh ke anusaran mean jab kisi vyikt ko niruanddh kiya jata hai tab adesh karane vala pradhikari yathashaky shighr us vyakti ko yah sansoochit karega ki vah adesh kin adharoan par kiya gaya hai aur us adesh ke viruanddh abhyavedan karane ke lie use shighratishighr avasar dega.
  
• (6) khand (5) ki kisi bat se aisa adesh, jo us khand mean nirdisht hai, karane vale pradhikari ke lie aise tathyoan ko prakat karana avashyak nahian hoga jinhean prakat karana aisa pradhikari lokahit ke viruanddh samajhata hai.
  
• (7) sansad vidhi dvara vihit kar sakegi ki-
  
  • (k) kin paristhitiyoan ke adhin aur kis varg ya vargoan ke mamaloan mean kisi vyakti ko nivarak nirodh ka upabandh karane vali kisi vidhi ke adhin tin mas se adhik avadhi ke lie khand (4) ke upakhand (k) ke upabandhoan ke anusar salahakar bord ki ray prapt kie bina niruanddh kiya ja sakega;
    
  • (kh) kisi varg ya vargoan ke mamaloan mean kitani adhikatam avadhi ke lie kisi vyikt ko nivarak nirodh ka upabandh karane vali kisi vidhi ke adhin niruanddh kiya ja sakega; aur
    
  • (g) khand (4) ke upakhand (k) ke adhin ki jane vali jaanch mean salahakar bord dvara anusaran ki jane vali prakriya kya hogi.

shoshan ke viruanddh adhikar

23. manav ke durvyapar aur balatashram ka pratishedh-

• (1) manav ka durvyapar aur begar tatha isi prakar ka any balatashram pratishiddh kiya jata hai aur is upabandh ka koee bhi ullanghan aparadh hoga jo vidhi ke anusar dandaniy hoga.
  
• (2) is anuchchhed ki koee bat rajy ko sarvajanik prayojanoan ke lie anivary seva adhiropit karane se nivarit nahian karegi. aisi seva adhiropit karane mean rajy keval dharm, moolavansh, jati ya varg ya inamean se kisi ke adhar par koee vibhed nahian karega.
  

24. karakhanoan adi mean balakoan ke niyojan ka pratishedh-

chaudah varsh se kam ayu ke kisi balak ko kisi karakhane ya khan mean kam karane ke lie niyojit nahian kiya jaega ya kisi any parisankatamay niyojan mean nahian lagaya jaega.

dharm ki svatantrata ka adhikar

25. aantakaran ki aur dharm ki abadh rooanp se manane, acharan aur prachar karane ki svatantrata-

• (1) lok vyavastha, sadachar aur svasthy tatha is bhag ke any upabandhoan ke adhin rahate hue, sabhi vyaktiyoan ko aant:karan ki svatantrata ka aur dharm ke abadh rooanp se manane, acharan karane aur prachar karane ka saman hak hoga.
  
• (2) is anuchchhed ki koee bat kisi aisi vidyaman vidhi ke pravartan par prabhav nahian dalegi ya rajy ko koee aisi vidhi banane se nivarit nahian karegi jo-
  
  • (k) dharmik acharan se sanbaddh kisi arthik, vittiy, rajanitik ya any laukik kriyakalap ka viniyaman ya nirbandhan karati hai;
    
  • (kh) samajik kalyan aur sudhar ke lie ya sarvajanik prakar ki hianduoan ki dharmik sansthaoan ko hianduoan ke sabhi vargoan aur anubhagoan ke lie kholane ka upabandh karati hai.
    

spashtikaran 1-kripan dharan karana aur lekar chalana sikkh dharm ke manane ka aang samajha jaega.
spashtikaran 2-khand (2) ke upakhand (kh) mean hianduoan ke prati nirdesh ka yah arth lagaya jaega ki usake aantargat sikkh, jain ya bauddh dharm ke manane vale vyaktiyoan ke prati nirdesh hai aur hianduoan ki dharmik sansthaoan ke prati nirdesh ka arth tadanusar lagaya jaega.

26. dharmik karyoan ke prabandh ki svatantrata-

lok vyavastha, sadachar aur svasthy ke adhin rahate hue, pratyek dharmik sanpraday ya usake kisi anubhag ko-

• (k) dharmik aur poort prayojanoan ke lie sansthaoan ki sthapana aur poshan ka,
  
• (kh) apane dharm vishayak karyoan ka prabandh karane ka,
  
• (g) jangam aur sthavar sanpatti ke arjan aur svamitv ka, aur
  
• (gh) aisi sanpatti ka vidhi ke anusar prashasan karane ka, adhikar hoga.
  

27. kisi vishisht dharm ki abhivriddhi ke lie karoan ke sanday ke bare mean svatantrata-

kisi bhi vyakti ko aise karoan ka sanday karane ke lie badhy nahian kiya jaega jinake agam kisi vishisht dharm ya dharmik sanpraday ki abhivriddhi ya poshan mean vyay karane ke lie vinirdisht rooanp se viniyojit kie jate haian.

28. kuchh shiksha sansthaoan mean dharmik shiksha ya dharmik upasana mean upasthit hone ke bare mean svatantrata-

• (1) rajy-nidhi se poornat: poshit kisi shiksha sanstha mean koee dharmik shiksha nahian di jaegi.
  
• (2) khand (1) ki koee bat aisi shiksha sanstha ko lagoo nahian hogi jisaka prashasan rajy karata hai kiantu jo kisi aise vinyas ya nyas ke adhin sthapit huee hai jisake anusar us sanstha mean dharmik shiksha dena avashyak hai.
  
• (3) rajy se manyataprapt ya rajy-nidhi se sahayata pane vali shiksha sanstha mean upasthit hone vale kisi vyikt ko aisi sanstha mean di jane vali dharmik shiksha mean bhag lene ke lie ya aisi sanstha mean ya usase sanlagn sthan mean ki jane vali dharmik upasana mean upasthit hone ke lie tab tak badhy nahian kiya jaega jab tak ki us vyakti ne, ya yadi vah avayask hai to usake sanrakshak ne, isake lie apani sahamati nahian de di hai.

sanskriti aur shiksha sanbandhi adhikar

29. alpasankhyak-vargoan ke hitoan ka sanrakshan-

• (1) bharat ke rajyakshetr ya usake kisi bhag ke nivasi nagarikoan ke kisi anubhag ko, jisaki apani vishesh bhasha, lipi ya sanskriti hai, use banae rakhane ka adhikar hoga.
  
• (2) rajy dvara poshit ya rajy-nidhi se sahayata pane vali kisi shiksha sanstha mean pravesh se kisi bhi nagarik ko keval dharm, moolavansh, jati, bhasha ya inamean se kisi ke adhar par vanchit nahian kiya jaega.
  

30. shiksha sansthaoan ki sthapana aur prashasan karane ka alpasankhyak-vargoan ka adhikar-

• (1) dharm ya bhasha par adharit sabhi alpasankhyak-vargoan ko apani ruanchi ki shiksha sansthaoan ki sthapana aur prashasan ka adhikar hoga.
  
  • [(1k) khand (1) mean nirdisht kisi alpasankhyak-varg dvara sthapit aur prashasit shiksha sanstha ki sanpatti ke anivary arjan ke lie upabandh karane vali vidhi banate samay, rajy yah sunishchit karega ki aisi sanpatti ke arjan ke lie aisi vidhi dvara niyat ya usake adhin avadharit rakam itani ho ki us khand ke adhin pratyabhoot adhikar nirbandhit ya nirakrit n ho jae.]
    
• (2) shiksha sansthaoan ko sahayata dene mean rajy kisi shiksha sanstha ke viruanddh is adhar par vibhed nahian karega ki vah dharm ya bhasha par adharit kisi alpasankhyak-varg ke prabandh mean hai.
  

[*****]

31. [sanpatti ka anivary arjan.]-sanvidhan (chavalisavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1978 ki dhara 6 dvara (20-6-1979 se) nirasit.

[kuchh vidhiyoan ki vyavritti]

31k. sanpadaoan adi ke arjan ke lie upabandh karane vali vidhiyoan ki vyavritti-

• [(1) anuchchhed 13 mean aantarvisht kisi bat ke hote hue bhi,-
  
  • (k) kisi sanpada ke ya usamean kinhian adhikaroan ke rajy dvara arjan ke lie ya kinhian aise adhikaroan ke nirvapan ya unamean parivartan ke lie, ya
    
  • (kh) kisi sanpatti ka prabandh lokahit mean ya us sanpatti ka uchit prabandh sunishchit karane ke uddeshy se parisimit avadhi ke lie rajy dvara le lie jane ke lie, ya
    
  • (g) do ya adhik nigamoan ko lokahit mean ya un nigamoan mean se kisi ka uchit prabandh sunishchit karane ke uddeshy se samamelit karane ke lie, ya
    
  • (gh) nigamoan ke prabandh abhikartaoan, sachivoan aur koshadhyakshoan, prabandh nideshakoan, nideshakoan ya prabandhakoan ke kinhian adhikaroan ya unake sheyaradharakoan ke mat dene ke kinhian adhikaroan ke nirvapan ya unamean parivartan ke lie, ya
    
  • (n) kisi khanij ya khanij tel ki khoj karane ya use prapt karane ke prayojan ke lie kisi karar, patte ya anujnapti ke adhar par prodbhoot hone vale kinhian adhikaroan ke nirvapan ya unamean parivartan ke lie ya kisi aise karar, patte ya anujnapti ko samay se pahale samapt karane ya radd karane ke lie, upabandh karane vali vidhi is adhar par shoony nahian samajhi jaegi ki vah [anuchchhed 14 ya anuchchhed 19] dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se kisi se asangat hai ya use chhinati hai ya nyoon karati hai:
    

parantu jahaan aisi vidhi kisi rajy ke vidhan-mandal dvara banaee gee vidhi hai vahaan is anuchchhed ke upabandh us vidhi ko tab tak lagoo nahian hoange jab tak aisi vidhi ko, jo rashtrapati ke vichar ke lie arakshit rakhi gee hai, usaki anumati prapt nahian ho gee hai:]

[parantu yah aur ki jahaan kisi vidhi mean kisi sanpada ke rajy dvara arjan ke lie koee upabandh kiya gaya hai aur jahaan usamean samavisht koee bhoomi kisi vyikt ki apani jot mean hai vahaan rajy ke lie aisi bhoomi ke aise bhag ko, jo kisi tatsamay pravritt vidhi ke adhin usako lagoo adhikatam sima ke bhitar hai, ya us par nirmit ya usase anulagn kisi bhavan ya sanrachana ko arjit karana us dasha ke sivay vidhipoorn nahian hoga jis dasha mean aisi bhoomi, bhavan ya sanrachana ke arjan se sanbandhit vidhi us dar se pratikar ke sanday ke lie upabandh karati hai jo usake bazar-mooly se kam nahian hogi.]

(2) is anuchchhed mean,-

• (k) sanpada pad ka kisi sthaniy kshetr ke sanbandh mean vahi arth hai jo us pad ka ya usake samatuly sthaniy pad ka us kshetr mean pravritt bhoo-dhritiyoan se sanbandhit vidyaman vidhi mean hai aur isake aantargat-
  
  • (i) koee jagir, inam ya muaphi athava vaisa hi any anudan aur tamilanadu aur keral rajyoan mean koee janm adhikar bhi hoga;
    
  • (ii) raiyataba di, bandobast ke adhin dhrit koee bhoomi bhi hogi;
    
  • (iii) krishi ke prayojanoan ke lie ya usake sahayak prayojanoan ke lie dhrit ya patte par di gee koee bhoomi bhi hogi, jisake aantargat banjar bhoomi, van bhoomi, charagah ya bhoomi ke krishakoan, krishi shramikoan aur gramin karigaroan ke adhibhog mean bhavanoan aur any sanrachanaoan ke sthal haian.
    
• (kh) 'adhikar' pad ke aantargat, kisi sanpada ke sanbandh mean, kisi svatvadhari, up-svatvadhari, avar svatvadhari, bhoo-dhritidharak, [raiyat, avar raiyat] ya any madhyavarti mean nihit koee adhikar aur bhoo-rajasv ke sanbandh mean koee adhikar ya visheshadhikar hoange.
  

[31kh. kuchh adhiniyamoan aur viniyamoan ka vidhimanyakaran-

anuchchhed 31k mean aantarvisht upabandhoan ki vyapakata par pratikool prabhav dale bina, navian anusoochi mean vinirdisht adhiniyamoan aur viniyamoan mean se aur unake upabandhoan mean se koee is adhar par shoony ya kabhi shoony hua nahian samajha jaega ki vah adhiniyam, viniyam ya upabandh is bhag ke kinhian upabandhoan dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se kisi se asangat hai ya use chhinata hai ya nyoon karata hai aur kisi nyayalay ya adhikaran ke kisi pratikool nirnay, dikri ya adesh ke hote hue bhi, ukt adhiniyamoan aur viniyamoan mean se pratyek, use nirasit ya sanshodhit karane ki kisi saksham vidhan-mandal ki shakti ke adhin rahate hue, pravritt bana rahega.]

[31g. kuchh nideshak tattvoan ko prabhavi karane vali vidhiyoan ki vyavritti-

anuchchhed 13 mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi, koee vidhi, jo [bhag 4 mean adhikathit sabhi ya kinhian tattvoan] ko sunishchit karane ke lie rajy ki niti ko prabhavi karane vali hai, is adhar par shoony nahian samajhi jaegi ki vah [anuchchhed 14 ya anuchchhed 19] dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se kisi se asangat hai ya use chhinati hai ya nyoon karati hai aur koee vidhi, jisamean yah ghoshana hai ki vah aisi niti ko prabhavi karane ke lie hai, kisi nyayalay mean is adhar par prashnagat nahian ki jaegi ki vah aisi niti ko prabhavi nahian karati hai:

parantu jahaan aisi vidhi kisi rajy ke vidhan-mandal dvara banaee jati hai vahaan is anuchchhed ke upabandh us vidhi ko tab tak lagoo nahian hoange jab tak aisi vidhi ko, jo rashtrapati ke vichar ke lie arakshit rakhi gee hai, usaki anumati prapt nahian ho gee hai.]

31gh. [rashtr virodhi kriyakalap ke sanbandh mean vidhiyoan ki vyavritti]-

sanvidhan (taiantalisavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1977 ki dhara 2 dvara (13-4-1978 se) nirasit.

saanvidhanik upacharoan ka adhikar

32. is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan ko pravartit karane ke lie upachar-

• (1) is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan ko pravartit karane ke lie samuchit karyavahiyoan dvara uchchatam nyayalay mean samavedan karane ka adhikar pratyabhoot kiya jata hai.
  
• (2) is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se kisi ko pravartit karane ke lie uchchatam nyayalay ko aise nidesh ya adesh ya rit, jinake aantargat bandi pratyakshikaran, paramadesh, pratishedh, adhikar-prichchha aur utpreshan rit haian, jo bhi samuchit ho, nikalane ki shakti hogi.
  
• (3) uchchatam nyayalay ko khand (1) aur khand (2) dvara pradatt shaktiyoan par pratikool prabhav dale bina, sansad, uchchatam nyayalay dvara khand (2) ke adhin prayoktavy kinhian ya sabhi shaktiyoan ka kisi any nyayalay ko apani adhikarita ki sthaniy simaoan ke bhitar prayog karane ke lie vidhi dvara sashakt kar sakegi.
  
• (4) is sanvidhan dvara anyatha upabandhit ke sivay, is anuchchhed dvara pratyabhoot adhikar nilanbit nahian kiya jaega.
  

 

[32k. rajy vidhiyoan ki saanvidhanik vaidhata par anuchchhed 32 ke adhin karyavahiyoan mean vichar n kiya jana.]-

sanvidhan (taiantalisavaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1977 ki dhara 3 dvara (13-4-1978 se) nirasit.

[33. is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan ka, baloan adi ko lagoo hone mean, upaantaran karane ki sansad ki shakti-

sansad, vidhi dvara, avadharan kar sakegi ki is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan mean se koee,-

• • (k) sashastr baloan ke sadasyoan ko, ya
    
  • (kh) lok vyavastha banae rakhane ka bharasadhan karane vale baloan ke sadasyoan ko, ya
    
  • (g) asoochana ya prati asoochana ke prayojanoan ke lie rajy dvara sthapit kisi byooro ya any sangathan mean niyojit vyiktayoan ko, ya
    
  • (gh) khand (k) se khand (g) mean nirdisht kisi bal, byooro ya sangathan ke prayojanoan ke lie sthapit doorasanchar pranali mean ya usake sanbandh mean niyojit vyiktayoan ko, lagoo hone mean, kis vistar tak nirbandhit ya nirakrit kiya jae jisase unake kartavyoan ka uchit palan aur unamean anushasan bana rahana sunishchit rahe.
    

34. jab kisi kshetr mean sena vidhi pravritt hai tab is bhag dvara pradatt adhikaroan par nirbandhan-

is bhag ke poorvagami upabandhoan mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi, sansad vidhi dvara sangh ya kisi rajy ki seva mean kisi vyakti ki ya kisi any vyakti ki kisi aise kary ke sanbadh mean kshatipoorti kar sakegi jo usane bharat ke rajyakshetr ke bhitar kisi aise kshetr mean, jahaan sena vidhi pravritt thi, vyavastha ke banae rakhane ya pun:sthapan ke sanbandh mean kiya hai ya aise kshetr mean sena vidhi ke adhin parit dandadesh, die ge dand, adisht samapaharan ya kie ge any kary ko vidhimany kar sakegi.

35. is bhag ke upabandhoan ko prabhavi karane ke lie vidhan-

is sanvidhan mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi,-

• (k) sansad ko shakti hogi aur kisi rajy ke vidhan-mandal ko shakti nahian hogi ki vah-
  
  • (i) jin vishayoan ke lie anuchchhed 16 ke khand (3), anuchchhed 32 ke khand (3), anuchchhed 33 aur anuchchhed 34 ke adhin sansad vidhi dvara upabandh kar sakegi unamean se kisi ke lie, aur
    
  • (ii) aise karyoan ke lie, jo is bhag ke adhin aparadh ghoshit kie ge haian, dand vihit karane ke lie, vidhi banae aur sansad is sanvidhan ke praranbh ke pashchath yathashaky shighr aise karyoan ke lie, jo upakhand (ii) mean nirdisht haian, dand vihit karane ke lie vidhi banaegi;
    
• (kh) khand (k) ke upakhand (i) mean nirdisht vishayoan mean se kisi se sanbandhit ya us khand ke upakhand (ii) mean nirdisht kisi kary ke lie dand ka upabandh karane vali koee pravritt vidhi, jo bharat ke rajyakshetr mean is sanvidhan ke praranbh se thik pahale pravritt thi, usake nibandhanoan ke aur anuchchhed 372 ke adhin usamean kie ge kinhian anukoolanoan aur upaantaranoan ke adhin rahate hue tab tak pravritt rahegi jab tak usaka sansad dvara parivartan ya nirasan ya sanshodhan nahian kar diya jata hai.
  

spashtikaran-is anuchchhed mean, 'pravritt vidhi' pad ka vahi arth hai jo anuchchhed 372 hai.

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