मूर्ति कला मथुरा 3

moorti kala : moorti kala 2 : moorti kala 3 : moorti kala 4 : moorti kala 5 : moorti kala 6

kushan kala ki pramukh den— upasy moortiyoan ka nirman

mathura mean is samay tin sanpraday pramukh the- jain, bauddh aur brahman. inamean brahman dharm ko chho dakar kisi ko bhi moolat: moortipooja many n thi, parantu manav ki durbalata evan avalamb athava ashray khojane ki svabhavik pravritti ke karan shanai:shanai: in sanpradayoan ke achary svayan hi upasy dev ban gaye. sath hi sath upasana ke pratikoan ka bhi pradurbhav hua. ee॰ poo0 dvitiy shatabdi ke pahale se hi buddh ke pratik jaise, stoop, bhikshapatr, ushnish, bodhivriksh, adi lokapriy ho gaye the. jaine samaj mean bhi chaityastambh, chaity-vriksh, asht maangalik chihn adi pratikoan ko manyata mil rahi thi. kushanakal takh pahuanchate pahuanchate in pratikoan ke sthan par pratyaksh moorti ki sansthapana ki ichchha bal pak dane lagi aur alp kal mean hi mathuri kala ne tirthankar moortiyoan aur bauddh moortiyoan ko janm diya. isi ke sath vishnu, durga, shiv, soory, kuber adi brahman dharm ki upasy moortiyaan bhi isi samay banian. bharatiy kala ko mathura kala ki yah sabase b di den hai. gupt aur guptottar kala ke vishal pratima-sangrah ka adhar kushanakala mean hai.

tirthakar- pratima ka janm

jainoan ki prarambhik pooja paddhati mean nimnaankit pratikoan ka sthan mahattvapoorn tha- dharmachakr, stoop, triratn, chaityastambh, chaity-vriksh, poornaghat, shrivats, sharav-sanput, pushp-patr, pushp-padalag, svastik, matsy-yugm, v bhadrasan. inake yahaan archa ka ek doosara pratik tha ayagapatt. ayagapatt ek chaukor shilapatt hota tha jis par ya to ekadhik pratik bane rahate the ya pratikoan ke sath tirthakar ki chhoti si pratima bhi bani rahati thi. inamean se kuchh lekhaankit haian. jinase pata chalata hai ki ye poojan ke uddeshy se sthapit kiye jate the. mathura ke is prakar ke kushanakalin kee sundar ayagapatt mile haian. inamean se ek samoocha ayagapatt tatha tirthakar-pratima se shobhit doosara khandit ayagapatt jo is sangrahalay mean vidyaman hai, vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai. samooche vale ayagapatt par ek jainaspoop, usaka toran dvar, sopan marg aur do chaityastanbh bane haian jin par kramash: dharmachakr aur sianh ki akritiyaan bani haian. sianh ka sanbandh tirthakar mahavir se hai. tirthakar pratima ke sarvapratham darshan hamean ayagapattoan par hi hote haian. yah kahana kathin hai ki tirthakar ki pratima evan buddh ki moorti in donoan mean pratham kaun bani hogi. kadachit yah donoan kary sath hi sath hue the.

mathura mean kankali tile par jainoan ka bahut b da gadh tha. yahaan unake vihar aur stoop vidyaman the. yahian se tirthakaroan ki prarambhik pratimaean mili haian. in moortiyoan ki mukhy visheshataean adholikhit haian;

• 1. ye moortiyaan keval do hi prakar ki haian, ek to padmasan baithi huee dhyanasth moortiyaan, aur doosari jaangh se hathoan ko satakar sidhi kh di pratimaean jinhean kayotsarg mudra mean sthit pratimae kaha jata hai.
• 2. tirthakaroan ke mastak ya to mundit haian ya chhote-chhote ghuangharale keshoan se alankrit haian. aankhoan ki putaliyaan sadharan: nahian dikhaee jati thian par bad ke kalakaroan ne is kami ko door karane ke lie apane samay mean kuchh kushanakalin moortiyoan mean aankhean banaee haian.
• 3. tirthakaroan ke kan kandhoan tak latakane vale nahian haian aur mukh par bhi koee vishesh bhav lakshit nahian hota.
• 4. mahapurush ke bodhak chihnoan mean hatheliyoan par dharmachakr aur pair ke taluoan par triratn aur dharmachakr donoan bane rahate haian. vakshasthal par bichoanbich shrivats chihn bana rahata hai. kuchh pratimaoan mean hath ki uangaliyoan ke por par bhi shrivatsadi mangalachihn bane haian. lagata hai ki yahaan buddh bodhisatv moortiyoan ki naqal ki gee hai.
• 5. uttarakal mean dikhalaee p dane vale tirthakaroan ke laanchhan ya parichay-chihnoan ka yahaan abhav hai. isaliye pratyek tirthakar ki alag-alag pahachan karana kathin hai. adinath ya rrishabhanath kandhoan par laharati huee baloan ki lataoan ke karan tatha parshvanath mastak ke pichhe dikhalaee p dane vale sarpaphanaoan ke karan pahachane ja sakate haian. tirthakar neminath ki kuchh moortiyaan un par bani huee krishna balaram ki moortiyoan ke karan pahachani ja sakati haian. shesh moortiyoan ke nam, yadi ve lekhaankit haian to, unake lekhoan se hi jane ja sakate haian.
• 6. tirthakar pratimaean nivastr haian. kadachit moortiyoan par vastr ka ek chhota tuk da hath mean pak de jain sadhu bhi dikhalaee p date haian.<balloon title="ye ardhaphalak sampradayak ke upasak haian- lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya je0 12, je0 14, je0 623." style="color:blue">*</balloon>
• 7. asanasth tirthakar bahudha sianhasanoan par baithe dikhalaye gaye haian jo unake chakravartitv ka bodhak hai.
• 8. kushanakalin tirthakar moortiyoan ke pichhe ardhachandravali ya hastinakh se shobhit kinare vala prabhamandal dikhalaee p data hai.<balloon title="lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya, je0 8; je0 15." style="color:blue">*</balloon> samakalin buddh v bodhisattv pratimaoan mean bhi isake darshan hote haian.

kushanakal se hi tirthakar pratima ka ek aur prakar chal p da jo chaumukhi moorti ya sarvatobhadr-pratima ke nam se pahachana jata hai. is prakar ki moortiyoan mean ek hi pashan ke charoan or char tirthakar pratimaean bani rahati haian. inamean bahudha ek rrishabhanath v doosari parshvanath ki rahati he. is prakar ki chaturmukh pratima banane ki paddhati paravartikal mean brahman dharm dvari apanayi gee. [[chitr:Shaka-1.jpg|thumb|250px|shak raj purush (mastan) abhilikhit pratima
Saka King (Mastan)]] [[chitr:Buddha1.jpg|thumb|250px|abhilikhit abhay mudra mean buddh
Buddha]]

jainadharm ki dev aur devi pratimaean

(1) negamesh ya harinegameshi

bakare ke mukh vale is devata ka shishu jagat se sambandh hai. yah mahattv ki bat hai ki kushanakal ke bad jain mandiroan mean is devata ke svatantr roop se sthapit kiye jane ke udaharan nahian milate <balloon title="umakant shah, Harinegameshin, JISOA., landan, khand 19, 1952-53, pri0 22." style="color:blue">*</balloon> aur n usaki pratimaoan ki bahulata hi dikhalaee p dati hai. kushan kalin mathuri pratimaoan mean ham unhean bahudha bachchoan se ghira hua pate haian.

(2) revati ya shashthi

negamesh ke saman is devi ka sambandh bachchoan se hai. isaka bhi mukh bakare ka hi hai. mathura sangrahalay mean kuchh aisi stri moortiyaan haian jinaki god mean palana hai. isamean ek shishu bhi dikhalaee p data hai (san0 san0 ee॰ 4) inhean revati ya shashthi ki moortiyaan mana gaya hai.<balloon title="umakant shah, Harinegameshin, JISOA., khand 19, 1952-53, pri0 37." style="color:blue">*</balloon>

(3) sarasvati

yah jainoan ki bhi devata hai. jain sarasvati ki prachinatam moorti mathura ke kankali tile se mili hai jo is samay lakshanoo ke sangrahalay mean hai (lakhanoo san0 san0 je0 24).

(4) krishna balaram

tirthakar neminath ke parshvavarti devataoan ke roop mean inaka aankan kiya jata hai. krishna chaturbhuj haian balaram hath mean madira ka chashak liye hue haian, unake mastak par nagaphan haian.

buddh pratima ka nirman

pashchim ke vidvanoan ne bharatiy kala ka jab adhyayan kiya tab unhoanne is siddhaant ka pratipadan kiya ki sarvapratham buddh ki moorti kushanakal mean gaandhar shaili ke kalakaroan dvara banaee gee. bharatiy vidvanoan ne is siddhaant mean kee trutiyaan dekhian aur ve is nishkarsh par pahuanche ki buddh ki pratham pratima gaandhar mean nahian apitu mathura mean bani. unaki is dharana ka pramukh adhar buddh-bodhisattvoan ki ve lekhaankit pratimaean haian jin par spashtataya kanishk ke rajy sanvatsar ka ullekh hai. gaandhar kala mean is prakar ki sunishchit tithiyoan se yukt lekhaankit pratimaoan ka sarvatha abhav hean isake atirikt desh ki tatkalin sthiti v dharmik avastha bhi isi or sanket karati hai ki pratham buddh moorti mathura mean hi bani hogi n ki gaandhar mean. sankshep mean us samay ki sthiti ko yoan samajha ja sakata hai.

eesavi sanh ki pratham shatabdi ke poorv mathura mean vaishnav dharm v usase sambandhit bhakti sanpraday jor pak d chuka tha. mahakshatrap shodas ke samay mean hi yahaan vasudev ka mandir tha aur balaram anirooddhadi panchaviroan ki pratimaoan ka poojan samaj mean prachalit tha. doosari or jain acharyoan ki moortiyaan gadhi ja rahi thian aur vahaan bhi bhakti sanpraday bal pak d raha tha. raha bauddh samaj, inamean pushpadipadi dvara buddh ke pratikoan ka poojan to prachalit tha hi, keval nirakar tathagat ki sakar pratima ka abhav tha. is abhav ko door karane mean mahasaanghik mat ke bauddhoan ne b di sahayata ki.

bauddhoan ke dharmik jagat mean is samay matabhed chal raha tha. kuchh log prachin batoan ko aparivartit roop mean hi manana uchit samajhate the, par doosara sanpraday parivartanavadi tha jo mahasaandhik nam se prasiddh tha. age chalakar yah donoan mat hinayan aur mahayan ke nam se pahichane jane lage. mahasaanghik logoan ne buddh ki nirakar moorti v usaka poojan uchit mana. unaka kahana tha ki nirvan prapti ke poorv buddh bodhisatv ke nam se pahichane jate haian. nirvan ke uparant pun: koee is lok mean nahian ata. buddh ne sanbodhi ya jnan to prapt kar liya tha par nirvan ko pana isaliye asvikar kiya ki ve logoan ke kalyan ke lie bar-bar prithvi par avatirn ho sakean. at: nirvan-prapt buddh ki to nahian, par sanbodhi-prapt bodhisattv ki pratima banana avaidh nahian kyoanki ve sakar roop mean manushyoan aur devoan ke dvara dekhe aur pooje jate haian. kadachit isiliye praranbhik buddh moortiyoan par aankit lekhoan mean unhean bodhisattv hi kaha gaya hai. age chalakar mahayanavadiyoan ne ek buddh pratima hi nahian apitu shatadhik devi devataoan ki moortiyoan ke nirman aur poojan ki paddhati ko apanaya.

kushan samrat kanishk ka shasan kal bhi buddh ki pratima nirman ke lie prerak hua. is shasak ne apani dharmik sahishnuta ke pradarshan ke lie apani mudraoan par vibhinn dharm ke devi devataoan ko sthan diya. shaivoan ka shiv, brahman dharm ke chandr, soory, vayu, adi any dev tatha eerani mat ke devaganoan mean etasho, nana adi ko isake sikkoan par aankit kiya ja raha tha. inhian ke sath usane buddh ki moorti se bhi apani kuchh mudraean sushobhit kian.

gaandhar kala ke buddh moortiyoan ki tithi vishayak anishchitata ki or ham pahale sanket kar chuke haian. mathura mean kanishk ke rajyarohan ke doosare varsh se hi buddh pratima ka nirman prarambh hua, jo bad tak chalata raha.

buddh pratima ke nirman ke adhar buddh ki kh di moorti ki kalpana yaksh pratimaoan ke adhar par ki gee. in yaksh pratimaoan ka ullekh ham kar chuke haian, jo is samay ke pahile se hi lokakala mean ban rahi thian baithi huee buddh moorti ka adhar kadachit bharahoot kala mean dikhalaee p dane vali dirghatapasi ki moorti hai. kuchh vidvan isaka adhar un tirthakar pratimaoan ko manate haian jinaka aankan jain ayagapattoan par hua hai.<balloon title="e0 el0 basham, The Wonder That Was India, pri0 267." style="color:blue">*</balloon>

buddh ke baloan ka aankan nidan katha ke adhar par hua. prarambhik avastha mean buddh ka mastak mundit hota hai aur keval ek hi lat oopar dahini or ghoomati huee dikhalaee p dati hai. bad mean to sara mastak hi chhote-chhote ghuangharoan se avrit hone lagata hai. unake mastak ke pichhe dikhalaee p dane vale prabhamandal ka udbhav kadachit un eerani devi-devataoan ki moortiyoan se hua jinhean vahaan 'yajat' ke nam se pahichana jata hai. kushan mudraoan par aankit in devataoan ki moortiyoan mean prabhamandal vidyaman hai. chivar, sanghati adi buddh ke vastroan ki kalpana to pratyaksh jagat se hi li gee hogi. vaise vinay pitak mean bhi isaka vistrit vivaran milata hai.<balloon title="mahavagg, 8 chivarakkhandhakamh." style="color:blue">*</balloon> buddh ke pairoan ke niche dikhalaee p dane vala kamal kadachit saanchi ki kalakritiyoan ki den hai.

prarambhik buddh pratimaoan ki visheshataean

is prakar dharmachary, shasan, kalakar v tatkalin janata ke sahayog se jo prarambhik buddh moortiyaan kushan kal mean banian unamean nimnaankit visheshataean dekhi ja sakati haian—

• 1- mundit mastak, oopar kapard tatha ghumavadar ek lat se shobhit ushnish.
  
• 2- urna ya donoan bhoanhoan ke bich bana hua ek chhotasa vartulakar chihn. mahapurush ke battis lakshanoan mean isaki ginati hai.<balloon title="lalitavistar, 7, pri0 74 oorna..... bhruvormadhye jata himarajataprakasha." style="color:blue">*</balloon> lalitavistar ke varnananusar mar parajay ke samay bodhisattv ki urna se ek jyoti udbhoot huee jisane mar ke prasadoan ko kanpit kar diya.<balloon title="vahi, 21, pri0 218 sarvamaramandalavidhvansanakarian namaikaan rashmimudasrijat." style="color:blue">*</balloon> kushanakalin buddh moortiyoan mean oorna chihn anivary roop se vidyaman rahata hai. ek moorti mean (san0 san.00 e. 27) oorna ke sthan par arthat bhroomadhy mean gaddha bana hai jisamean kadachit prakash ka pratik koee ratn j da gaya ho.
  
• 3- vishal evan chau di chhati tatha ek, bahudha baanya, kandha vastr se dhanka hua.<balloon title="vahi, 3, pri0 11, ekaansamuttarasangankritva." style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  
• 4- dahina hath abhayamudra mean oopar utha hua; baanya hath asanasth moortiyaan mean jaangh par tatha kh di pratimaoan mean vastr ke chhor ko pak d mutthi baandhe hue.
  
• 5- sharir mean chipaka hua tatha bayean kandhe evan nichale bhag par siku danoan se shobhit vastr.
  
• 6- kamar mean gaanth p di huee patti ya kayabandhan.
  
• 7- poori khuli huee aankhean tatha smitayukt mukh.
  
• 8- adhyatmik bhav evan devatv ke pragatikaran ki apeksha sharirik bhav bhangima ke chitran ka adhiky.
  
• 9- donoan pairoan ka saman roop se sidhe tale rahana. kabhi-kabhi unake bichoan kamal kaliyoan ka guchchh<balloon title="mathura sangrahalay sankhya 28.2798, prayag sangrahalay sankhya ke.1." style="color:blue">*</balloon>, kvachit stri moorti<balloon title="bambee sangrahalay ki moorti JBORS., XX, 1902, pri0 269." style="color:blue">*</balloon>, sianh<balloon title="bodhisatv pratima, saranath sangrahalay." style="color:blue">*</balloon> athava maitrey bodhisattv<balloon title="radhakumud mukarji, Notes on Early Indian Art, JUPHS., khand 12, bhag 1, ; lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya o0 71." style="color:blue">*</balloon> ka bana rahana.
  
• 10- hastinakhoan se yukt prabhamandal.
  

gaandhar kala ke sanpark mean ane ke bad katipay moortiyoan ke gadhan mean kuchh parivartan huye jinaka vivechan pahale ho chuka hai.

uttar kushanakal mean asanasth moorti ke gadhane mean shaili adhik sudhari huee hai. chivar tathagat ke donoan kandhoan par p da rahata hai. sath hi donoan pair bhi vastr mean chhipe rahate haian aur vastr ka samane vala chhor chauki par latakata dikhalaee p data hai. jain tirthakaroan ke saman buddh ki charan chauki ke samane vale bhag par dataoan ki moortiyoan ka aankan ab prarambh ho jata haian shanai:-shanai: mundit mastak lupt hokar ghooangharoan ka nirman sadharan paripati ban jati hai. is kal ki buddhi v bodhisattv pratimaoan ke hath keval char mudraoan mean- abhay, bhoomisparsh dhyan tatha dharm-chakr-pravartan mean dikhalaee p date haian. paanchavian mudra varad ka yahaan sarvatha abhav hai.<balloon title="krishnadatt vajapeyi, The Kuishna Art of Mathura, marg, khand 9 sankhya 2, march 1962, prishth 28." style="color:blue">*</balloon>

brahman dharm ki dev pratimaoan ka nirman

kushanakala ke pujariyoan ne jain tatha bauddh dharmoan ke saman hi brahman dharm ki bhi seva ki. vaishnav, shakt v saur sanpraday brahman dharm ke pramukh aang haian. shaivoan ko usi ke antargat mana jata hai. guptakal tak pahuanchate pahuanchate isamean ganesh upasakoan ka bhi ganapaty ke nam se samavesh hua. is prakar vishnu, durga, shiv, soory v ganapati ki upasana panchadevopasana ke nam se prasiddh huee. lalitavistar evan any granthoan mean, jo kushanakal mean vidyaman the, brahman dharm ke tatkalin devi-devataoan ki moortiyoan ki ek talika milati hai jasamean shiv, skand, soory, chandr, brahm, narayan, vaishravan, kuber, shak v lokapal ki pratimaoan ko pramukhata se ginaya gaya hai . inamean lagabhag sabhi ki moortiyaan kushanakal mean upalabdh haian. kushanakal mean ganapati ki upasana moorti-roop mean kadachit adhik prachalit nahian thi, par isake sthan par kartikey, v kuber khoob pooje jate the. brahma ki keval ini-gini moortiyaan mili haian. in sabhi devamoortiyoan ki apani visheshataean haian inamean se adhikatar pratimaean donoan or (in round) ukeri gee haian. pichhe ki or ya to moorti ka prishth bhag aankit hai athava vriksh bana hua hai jis par gilahari, tota adi baithe hue dikhalaye gaye haian.

vishnu moorti

vaishnav sanpraday ki panchavir pratimaoan ka ullekh pahile hi ho chuka hai. durbhagy se ye pratimaean khandit avastha mean mili haian. at: unake vishay mean kuchh adhik nahian kaha ja sakata. par is kal ki bani chaturbhuj vishnu ki akhandit pratimaean bhi prapt huee haian jo apani adholikhit visheshataoan ke karan mahattvapoorn haian:

• 1- hathoan ke daul ki drishti se ye moortiyaan samakalin yaksh aur bodhisatv pratimaoan se milati julati hai. inake hath char haian, par tin mean gada, chakr v chhota-sa jalapatr ya shankh haian aur chautha abhay mudra mean kandhe tak utha hua hai.
• 2- vishnu chaturbhuj to haian par unaka prabhamandal, hriday ka kaustubh , gale ki vanamala adi ka abhi koee udbhav nahian hua hai.
• 3- gada ka akar mudgar jaisa hai tatha use pak dane ki paddhati bhi avikasit shaili ki or sanket karati hai.
• 4- buddh aur bodhisattvoan ki samakalin pratimaoan mean dikhalaee l dane vala oorna chihn yahaan bhi vidyaman hai.
• 5- vishnu ke avataroan se sambandhit moortiyaan is kal mean bahut kam banian. hamare sangrah mean is prakar ki keval do moortiyaan haian jinaka vivechan age yatha sthan kiya javega.
• 6- garu daroodh vishnu ki pratima ka nirman bhi is kal se prarambh ho gaya tha.<balloon title="san0 san0 56.4200." style="color:blue">*</balloon>
• 7- ashtabhuj vishnu ki moortiyaan bhi shanai:shanai: prachar mean a rahi thian.<balloon title="san0 san0 50.3550; lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya 49.217." style="color:blue">*</balloon>

shivamoorti

poojan ke lie shiv ki purushakar pratima tatha liang donoan prachalit the. shivaliang ka poojan videshi log bhi karate the aur aj ke saman kabhi-kabhi pipal ke pe doan ke niche in liangoan ki sthapana ki jati thi. is kal ki kalakritiyoan mean ye drishy vidyaman haian.<balloon title="san0 san0 36.2661, lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya bi 141." style="color:blue">*</balloon> sadharan liangoan ke atirikt ekamukhi liang bhi banaye aur pooje jate the.

shivaliang ke saman shiv ki purushakar pratimaean bhi lokapriy ho rahi thian. kushan samrat vim ke samay se antim shasak vasudev tak kitane hi kushan sikke shiv ki pratima se aankit hote rahe. pashan kalakritiyoan mean nimnaankit visheshataoan ke sath shivamoorti ke darshan hote haian.

• 1- ekamukhi shivaliang mean keval mukhamandal aur jatabhar dikhalaee p data hai. shiv ka tisara netr lalat par dikhalaya jata hai par is kal mean vah sada a da bana rahata hai kh da nahian.
• 2- kushanakal tak shiv ke mukhy chihn bail, jatabhar, tin netr v trishool yahi drishtigochar hote haian. saanp, chandrama, vyaghrambar, damaroo, ganga adi batoan ka yahaan abhav hai.
• 3- akele shiv ke atirikt unaka shakti ke sath ardhanarishvar ke roop mean bhi poojan hota tha (san0 san0 15.874). is prakar ki moortiyaan mathura mean milati haian, jinamean shiv ko oordhv-medhr sthiti mean vishesh roop se dikhalaya gaya hai. yah unaki amogh utpadan shakti evan chir-sthayitv ka dyotak hai.
• 4- shiv aur parvati ki svatantr pratimaean bhi mathura kala mean prapy hai.

shakti pratimaean

devi ki moortiyoan mean lakshmi, mahishamardini durga v matrikaoan ki mukhyat: ganana ki ja sakati he. unake atirikt hariti v vasudhara ki pratimaean bhi milati haian. lakshmi aur gajalakshmi ki pratima to bharahoot aur saanchi se hi chali a rahi thi<balloon title="venimadhav barooa, Barhut, adi; jan marshal, The Monuments of Sanchi, phalak 11,13,25 adi." style="color:blue">*</balloon> aur brahman dharm ke saman bauddhoan ke yahaan bhi samadrit ho chuki thi. mathura ne tho de parivartanoan ke sath use apanaya. yahaan hamean lakshmi ke tin roop milate haian;

• 1- ek sath mean kamal dharan karane vali asanasth lakshmi. yah bahudha dvibhuj hoti hai.
• 2- usi prakar ki kh di pratima.
• 3- gaj lakshmi, ek hath mean kamal liye kh di.
• 4- poorn kuanbh se udbhoot hone vali shriparnilata ya kamal lata ke bich kh di matritv ka sanket karane vali shridevi.

durga ke roopoan mean yahaan keval chaturbhuj durga ka roop milata hai. usake oopari hathoan mean talavar aur dhal hai, nichale dahine hath mean trishool hai aur nichale baanyean hath se vah mahish ko daba rahi hai. asur bhi pashu roop mean hi hai, manav-pashu ke roop mean nahian. durga ke ath hath, das hath aur atharah hath vale roop bad mean bane, kushan kal mean ve nahian dikhalaee p date.

matrikaoan ka kushanakal mean paryapt bolabala raha. kushan kalin jo matrikapatt hamean mila hai, us par aankit deviyaan manav mukhoan se nahian apitu pashupakshiyoan ke mukhoan se yukt haian aur pratyek ki god mean ek shishu hai. unaki sankhya bhi anivaryat: sat nahian hai.

any deviyoan mean devi hariti ka sthan mukhy hai. inaki kushanakalin pratimae achchhi matra mean upalabdh huee haian jinamean ye bachchoan se ghiri huee akeli athava kuber ke sath dikhalaee p dati haian. vasudhara sanpannata aur aishvary ki devi mani jati hai. poornaghat v matsy-yugm isake mukhy chihn haian. mathura mean is devi ka poojan bhi paryapt lokapriy tha. pashan ke sath-sath mitti ki bani huee isaki anek moortiyaan yahaan se mili haian.

soory pratimaean

soory ka poojan do prakar se kiya jata he. ek to mandalakar bimb ka poojan aur doosare manavaroopini soory-pratima ka poojan. soory ki bharatiy paddhati ki narakar pratima, jise kushanakal ke poorv ki mana jata hai, buddh-gaya se mili hai. vah ratharoodh hai parantu yah roop bharat mean visheshakar kushanakal mean lokapriy n ho saka. isaka kadachit yah bhi karan tha ki manavakar soory ki upasana hamare yahaan mukhyat: eeran se aee. ye videshi log, jinhean bharatiy sahity mean mag nam se pukara gaya, apane sath sooryopasana ki paddhati le aye. inhian ke vesh ke saman inake devataoan ki vesh-bhoosha hona svabhavik tha. isaliye kushanakal ki sooryamoortiyaan lamba kot, chust pajama aur ooanche boot pahale hue dikhalaee p dati haian. is vesh ko bharat mean udichy vesh ke nam se pukara gaya. kushanakalin mathuri kala mean ratharoodh evan asanaroodh soory ki lamba kot, boot, gol topi tatha ine-gine alankar dharan ki huee pratimaean mili haian. ek moorti mean unake chhote pankh bhi dikhalaye gaye haian (san0 san0 di0 46); doosari mean unake asan par thik vaisi hi agni ki vedi bani hai jaisi katipay eerani sikkoan par payi jati hai.

any pratimaean

oopar ginaee huee moortiyoan ke atirikt kartikey, kuber, indr v agni ki moortiyaan bhi kushanakal mean banian. any devataoan ke saman in devataoan ke dhyan kushanakal mean b de hi sidhe sade the. kartikey ka mukhy chihn tha shakti ya bhala. ek mukh dvibhujashaktidhar kumar kartikey ki sundar pratima is sangrahalay mean hai jo shak sanvat 11 arthat ee॰ sanh 89 mean bani thi (san0 san0 42.2949). kuber ki moortiyoan ka mathura mean vaipuly hai. mote pet vale sthoolakay dhan ke devata kuber dekhate hi banate haian. kabhi ve palathi mar kar sukh se smit karate hue baithe dikhalaee p date haian, kabhi madira ka chashak hath mean liye rahate haian aur kabhi lakshmi evan hariti ke sath ek hi shilapatt par shobhit rahate haian. agni ki mukhy pahichan unaki tuandil tanu, yajnopavit, jatabhar v pichhe dikhalaee p dane vali jvalaean haian (san0 san0 40.2880, 40.2883). inake vishesh ayudh, vahan mesh adi batean kushanakalin moortiyoan mean nahian dikhalaee p dati.

in pramukh devi-devataoan ke atirikt mathuri kala mean nag, v nag-striyoan ki pratimaean bhi achchhi matra mean milati haian kushanakal mean yahaan par dadhikarn nag ka mandir vidyaman thaan is nag ki lekhaankit pratima yahaan se mili hai. nag pratimaoan mean any nagoan ke atirikt balaram ki moortiyoan ko bhi ginana hoga. puranoan ke anusar balaram sheshavatar the. unaki hal aur moosal ko dharan karane vali ek shuangakalin moorti yahaan se mili hai. yah is samay lakhanoo ke sangrahalay mean hai. kushanakalin balaram ki moortiyoan mean ve hath mean mady ka pyala liye dikhalaee p date haian, gale mean vanamala p di rahati hai, pichhe sarp ki phana bani rahati hai. is par kabhi-kabhi svastik, matsyayugm, poornaghat adi ashtamaangalik chihn bhi bane hote haian.<balloon title="nilakanth purushottam joshi, mathura kala mean maangalik chihnoan ka prayog aj, varanasi, 16 pharavari, 1964 ." style="color:blue">*</balloon> sadharanataya yahaan nag ki pratimaean manooshyakar hi hoti haian, keval mastak ke oopar sarpaphana bani rahati hai. hath mean bahudha chhota sa jal kuanbh rahata hai. nag-striyoan ki moortiyoan bhi lagabhag aisi hi hoti haian. ek vishesh moorti aisi bhi mili hai jisamean ek nagarani ke kandhoan se paanch any nag shaktiyaan udbhoot hoti huee dikhalaee gee haian. is prakar dharm nirapeksh bhav se nastik evan astik donoan prakar ke sanpradayoan ki seva karate hue kala ke ek ooanche adarsh ki sthapana karana mathuri kala ka sabase mahatvapoorn yogadan hai.