नुक़्ता

nuqta devanagari lipi mean kisi vyanjan akshar ke niche lagae jane vale biandu ko kahate haian. isase us akshar ka uchcharan parivartit hokar kisi any vyanjan ka ho jata hai. jaise 'j' ke niche nukta lagane se 'z' ban jata hai.

nuqte ka mahattv

sirf nuqte ke karan alag alag arth vale kuchh shabd^[1]
nuqta ke sath shabd	arth	bina nuqta ke shabd	arth
qamar	chandrama	kamar	pet aur pith ke niche sharir
qul	fatiha, kam tamam hona	kul	vansh
qad	dil, sharir ki lanbaee	kad	koshish, hath
qitab	kurte adi ka gala, girebaan	kitab	pustak
qarar	chain, dhiraj	karar	kagar
qaul	pratijna	kaur	shakt, vamamargi
qalin	galija	kalin	kal sanbandhi
qatara	booand	katara	phaank
khasara	hisab ka kachcha chittha, patavari ka kagaz	khasara	ek tarah ki bimari
khuda	bhagavan	khuda	khuda hua
khar	gadaha	khar	trin
khana	daraj, jagah	khana	bhojan
khar	kaanta, jalan	khar	kat karane vali chiz
galla	anaj	galla	bhe doan, bakariyoan, gayoan ka jhuand
garaz	prayojan	garaj	ooanchi avaz
gol	jhuand	gol	vrittakar
gul	shor	gul	phool
gaur	dhyan	gaur	shubhr, gora
gaz	nap (solah girah ya tin phit ka)	gaur	hathi
gash	shoshan, jo man mean ho usake khilaf	gaph	suandar, hasin
guandah	guanda, lophar	guand	dabij, daladar, gaf
raz	rahasy, bhed	raj	shasan
zila	janapad	zila	chamak - damak
zara	tho da, kam	jara	vriddhavastha, budhapa
zamana	samay, muddat	jamana	jamane ki kriya, ugana
zina	sidhi	jina	ziandagi gujarana
zang	moracha (lohe mean ugane vala)	jang	l daee
zangi	habshi	jangi	yuddh sanbandhi
zirah	kavy	jirah	zakhm
zari	sone ka mulamma chadhean huee chaandi ke tar	jari	bahadur
zarab	safed shahar, shvet madhu	jarab	khujali
zalal	badal ki chhaya, chhayadar	jalal	pratap, raubadar
zalil	tuchchh, nich	jalil	b da, bujurg
zar	sthan, kisi chiz ki bahutayat	jar	p dosi
zari	rona - pitana	jari	sanchalit, bahata hua
zinaan	vyabhichar	jinaan	jannat ka bahuvachan, jannatean
zauq	chakhane ki shakti, lutph	jauq	fauj, sena, bhi d
zan	patni	jan	log
tez	tivr, phurtila	tej	abha, dipti, kaanti
taq	ala, takha	tak	takane ki kriya, aangoor ki bel
taz	hamala, daud, mashooka	taj	rajamukut
darz	darar, jhirri	darj	likhit
dafa	door karana	dapha	bar, qanoon ki dhara
falak	akash	phalak	tir ki gaansi
nuqta	biandu	nukta	sookshm, bariq, aib
mazid	atirikt, zyada, falatoo	majid	pavitr aur poojyaman
bebaq	rrinamukt	bebak	nirlajj, behaya, muanhaphat, nidar
haz	saubhagy, nasib, anand	haj	dharmik yatra, maqqa ki yatra
haq	saty, adhikar, kartavy	hak	door karana, khurachana
hazm	pacha hua	hajm	motaee, sthoolata
haiza	dast aur kai ki bimari	haija	yuddh
hazir	upasthit	hajir	hijarat karane vala, makka mean jakar nivas karane vala
chaq	tarotaza, tanadurust	chak	chira hua, phata hua
urooz	zahir hona	urooj	chadhana, unnati, choti
aqsar	bahut chhota	aksar	pray:
azam	bahut b da, mahanh	ajam	gooanga, mook, jo bol na sake
arz	chau daee, zamin, nivedan	arj	samman, pratishtha, pad
aql	buddhi	akl	khana, bhojan
azab	vah purush jo stri n rakhata ho	ajab	vichitr
saza	dand	saja	kalarav, tukaant vaky
siqqa	vishvasapatr	sikka	thappa, dhala hua dhatu ka tuk da, hukoomat
vazahat	byaurevar varnan karana, vistar	vajahat	khoobasoorati, rob, izzat
vaza	rachana, sajadhaj, bachcha paida karana	vaja	pi da, dard, tis
muqarrar	nishchit, iqarar kiya hua	mukarrar	phir se, doosari bar
muqaddar	taqadir , bhagy	mukaddar	maila, du:khi
maqool	uchit, buddhisammat	makool	khaya hua
mashq	adhyas	mashk	pani bharane ki cham de ki khol
bag	upavan	bag	bagador

nuqte ka prayog

nuqta sanskrit ya hindi ke mool shabdoan mean nahian lagata kyoanki sanskrit ya hindi mean vaisi dhvaniyaan haian hi nahian. kripaya isamean hindi ke " d" aur "dh" ko mat gin lijiega. ye donoan svatantr akshar haian aur inake niche lagane vali bindi ke bina inaka astitv sambhav nahian.

isalie pahala sootr yah hai ki sabase pahale yah nishchit karean ki shabd mool roop se hindi ka hai kya? agar uttar haan hai, to nuqta lagana hi nahian hai. apako kee jagah "saphal" ke "ph" ke niche nuqta laga hua dikh jaega jo sarasar galat hai. saphal ka matalab hai s+phal yani phal sahit.
dhyan dean ki keval unhian aangrezi shabdoan mean nuqta lagane ki sambhavana ho sakati hai, jinamean F, PH ya Z ate hoan. F aur PH ke lie ph ke niche aur Z ke lie j ke niche nuqta laga dijie. dhyan rakhean ki aangrezi mean "ph" ka uchcharan hai hi nahian, isalie vahaan jab bhi ayega "f" hi ayega. jin aangrezi shabdoan mean Z ho, vahaan "j" ke niche nuqta laga kar "z" likhean.
urdoo mean nuqta vale uchcharan sirf ye paanch haian- q, kh, g, z, aur f. isalie apako keval in paanchoan par dhyan kendrit karana hai aur kaॅpi mean in paanch aksharoan se bane urdoo shabdoan ko taulana hai ki yahaan nuqta lagega ya nahian.
islami deshoan ke jin namoan mean aangrezi ka Q akshar ata ho, vahaan Q ke sthan par nuqte vala "q" lagayean. jaise-
- QAZI qazi
- QAIDA qayada
- QAISER qaisar
- TARIQ tariq
- SAQLAIN saqalain
- QUTUB qutub
- IRAQ iraq

lekin isake ekadh apavad bhi haian, jaise pakistan ka QUETTA shahar, jisaka uchcharan hai kveta aur isamean "k" ke niche nuqta nahian lagata.

doosara uchcharan hai "kh". aangrezi mean prayah is uchcharan ko KH se vyakt karate haian. jaise-
- KHAN khan
- AKHTAR akhtar
- BAKHT bakht
- KHUSHBU khushaboo
- KHADIM khadim

KHAR isaka apavad hai. pakistani videsh mantri hina rabbani ka saranem hai khar, jise aangrezi mean KHAR hi likha jayega. lekin urdoo mean ek aur shabd hai khar, ise bhi aangrezi mean KHAR hi likheange. isi tarah, ek nam hai nikahat. aangrezi mean ise NIKHAT hi likheange, isalie ise "nikhat" ya "nikhat" n likhean.

tisara uchcharan hai "g" ka, jise aangrezi mean GH se vyakt karate haian. jaise-
- GHULAM gulam
- GHAZANFAR gazanafar
- GHAUS gaus
- GHALIB galib
- GHAZALA gazala
- GHAZAL gazal
- SAGHIR/ SAGHEER sagir
- ASGHAR asagar

dhyan rakhean ki GH ke lie "g" keval namoan ke lie hi likha jayega.

chautha uchcharan hai "z" ka, jisake lie aangrezi ke Z akshar ka prayog hota hai. jaise-
- ZAIN zain
- ZOHRA zohara
- ZULFIQAR zulfiqar
- HAZRAT hazarat
- AZHAR azahar
- MUZAFFAR muzaffar.
paanchavaan aur antim uchcharan hai "f" ka. dhyan rakhean ki urdoo namoan mean keval F hi "f" ka uchcharan deta hai. PH se urdoo mean "ph" ka uchcharan hi hoga aur nuqta nahian lagega. isalie
- AFROZ afaroz
- FIRDAUS firadaus
- FASIH/FASEEH fasih
- FAISAL faisal
- FAIZAL faizal
- TUFAIL tufail likha jayega.^[2]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika-tippani aur sandarbh

↑ pustak- hiandi ki vartani | lekhak- sant samir | prishth sankhya- 168
↑ naqvi, qamar vahid. kahaan lagega nuqta? (hiandi) fॅsabuk d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 7 julaee, 2014.

bahari k diyaan

bibisi patrakarita pathashala

sanbandhit lekh

shabd sandarbh kosh

kashtakar • aantararashtriy • aantarrashtriy • kalpasiddhi • gatha • upakhyan • akhyan • shatabdi • suee • nyagrodh • mahapran vyanjan • antahsth vyanjan • oshthy vyanjan • danty vyanjan • moordhany vyanjan • talavy vyanjan • kanthy vyanjan • avyay • vats • kumar • kimpurush • saty • vah • sanvarttak (hal) • sthavar • jara • mohanastr • aishik shastr • rat • sanatan • anant • adbhut • varah • dand • vimukh • kukur • vrishadhvaj (bahuvikalpi) • yayavar • satr • kulapati • charu • shoorp • yoothanath • dvarapal • kalabattoo • dhatta • k davak • klib • bhriang • patohoo • attagattar • attagam • achal pravritti • abohan • aant-ayamh • barabar • kshetr • hirany • haraniparyant • halli • hallikar • halik • haiman shasy • shrani • svaviryopajivin • sunu • soona • sthan • sthan many • sthal • sthal vritti • strot • chaturth panchabhagikam • gunapatr • khettasamik • balidan • kripyagrih • kumaragadiyanak • kulyavap • karmantik • sima • ekapurushikam • utpadyamanavishti • avat • asihar • ali • aghat • adhavay • adanak • skandhavar • sity • siddh • seva • setubandh • senabhakt • sarvamany • sarv-abhyaantar-siddhi • sannidhata • sangrahat • sankraant • sankar kul • sankar gram • sadhy • ayanaangal • attapatibhag • asvayankrit krishi • ardhasitika • akshayanivi • akshapataladhyaksh • akshapatal • akrit • akrisht • akaradayin • akarad • agrahar • agraharik • adevamatrik • adhyiy-manussanam • niyog • samaharta • sali • sakarukar • sadbhag • sachitt • sabha-madhyam • shulk • shaulkik • shasan • roodhamarodhi • ropan • rajju • rajakiy kshetr • yogakshem • yav • mey • masu • moolavap • mandapika • mahatran • bhootavatapratyay • bhoomichchhidranyay • bhoomask • bhukti • bhujyaman • bhogayak • bhogapati • bhogagam • bhog • bhikshu hal • bhikhkhuhalaparihar • bhandagarik • brahmadey • bittuvatt • bhadrabhog • bhagadudh • bhaikshak • bijagan • baraj • phenaghat • pustapal • poorvavap • pur • pratikar • pradesh • pathak • patit • pindak • pautavamh • pattala • parshv • parru • patak • pallika • pariharik • parihar • padonalaksh • panyasanstha • paribhog • panchakul • nyay karnik • nivartan • vyamishr-bhoomi • brihi • vivita • vittolakar • vishamatta • vilop • vatthupati • vatak • vaset-kutambik • varta • varshikashasy • varatra • varaj • viparyast • viparyay • vapi • vapatiriktamh • vap gatya • laangul • roopajiva • roopadarshak • shastriy kala • shastr • astr • shastr • shastriy • thana • sootr • svabhav • savyasachi • puny tithi • jayanti • sair • rangashala • tarani • tarani • jatak • ghoshanapatr • godhooli • mahamaya • vitan • meharab • sharkara • gaz • yatana shivir • samanvayavad • goshthi • kachahari • anamika (uangali) • madhyama • tarjani • aangootha • nuqta • kootasth • smart • kandara • khana • khanabadosh • koshn • upabhog • upabhokta • utpadan • utpadak • akhetak • naugamy • avasthit aur upasthit • abhijn aur anabhijn • afavah aur kianvadanti • adhikaansh aur adhikatar • aantarrashtriy aur aantararashtriy • anuvad • adhyas • sahodara • sahodar • dashalakshan dharm • sanyam • janashruti • paras • rajamahal • sudarshan • anushthan • kathauti • kathauta • baragir • baragi • bijana • juga d • kharal • nal • kashkol • sadaqa • chhinnak • arani • ap: • valay • tarang • avashesh • sakhi • abhang • abir • shrriang • raka • lokakatha • akha da • aangahin • bavali • khandahar • safar • sarika • aantardhan • daity • vidhi • yam (sanyam) • nivesh • nam • puchhattar • bakhar • tattho-thanbho • bela • goru • asarait • muda • alagyojha • dvij • ambu • pravrajya • eehit • eehamrig • eeha • eehag • eesari • eesar • eesan • ees • eeshm • eeshu • eeshika • eesha • eeshana • eeshad • eeshath‌sprisht • eeshat • eeshvaropasana • eeshvariy • eeshvari • eeshvaradhin • eeshvaravadi • eeshvar-vad • eeshvar-pranidhan • eeshitv • eeshita • eesha • eeshata • eeli • eeli • eel • eershyalu • eershya • eershyak • eershy • eershu • eershit • eershalu • eersha • eershana • eerit • eeran • eeramad • eerakha • eer • eemanadari • eemanadar • eeman-kalyan • eeman • eepsu • eepsit • eepsa • eeda • triganbhir • trigandhak • trigang • trikhi • trikha • trikh • trikshur • trikshar • trikon-miti • trikon-bhavan • trikon-phal • tri-koorchak • trikoota • trikoot gadh • trikuti • trikuta • trikut • trikaladarshi • trikaladarshita • trikal-darshak • trikalajnata • trikalajn • trikal • trikarshik • trikay • trika • trikaandiy • eedrish • eedi • eetar • eedh • trikaand • eedy • trik-shool • eedit • trikal • eedan • eethi • trikarma • trikarman • trikatray • eethana • trikatuk • trikatu • trikat • eejad • trikakum • eeja • trikakud • eechha • tri-kant • jnanad • jnanachakshu • jnanagochar • jnanagamy • jnan krit • jnatrivy • jnati putr • jnati • jnata • jnatavy • jnat yauvana • jnat-nandan • jnat • jnapti • jnapit • jnapan • jnapt • jnapan • eechhan • eekharaj • trishaansh • tri • eekh • eekshit • trianshatpatr • eeksha • eekshika • trishat • eekshan • trishah • eekshanik • eekshak • eekaraant • trahi • iandr savarni • iandr sabha • iandr varuni • iandr vadhoo • iandr vansha • iandr yav • iandr mandal • iandr nil • indr dhvaj • iandradhanushi • iandr jau • iandrajali • iandr jav • iandrachap • iandr gop • eekar • iandr giri • iandr krisht • eedh • iandrak • eeanta • iandriyavad • eeancha-tani • iandiralay • iandira-raman • iandira • eeanchana • iantaha • iantazar • eestar • iantazam • iantaqal • eesh manohari • iantaqam • iantakohara • eesh-gau d • iantaee • iangur • eesh-giri • iangudi • eeth • dravy • kafan • adrisht • sadi • granth • kalaantar • drishy • tatavarti • gantavy • supachy • paridrishy • udagam • talluq dar • benami sauda • apavah • prayopavesh • anushruti • aang • shabd sandarbh soochi • alankaran • bhuv • kianvadanti • madhu • vaikunth (bahuvikalpi) • agni • jin (bahuvikalpi) • asandi • mithak • atma • bhakt • pradarsh • pradar • astik • toran • kanik • kanika • eshana • ela • upahasit • unmatt • unmukh • udrek • udot • aja • upashaman • upasham • eeti • apoh • anooru • anuyog • anuyojy • nepathy • nrimedh • nirdisht • nivritt • nivritti • nirvap • nirvat • nishkantak • viplav • nishk • viplavi • viplav • chinty • ajiv • ajivak • parapatr • nikshepak • nikshep • dhrishtata • dhrisht • dhav • akhilesh • vitarkan • vitark • latta • vitat • kurang • kuanjar • kalush • dhatri vidya • dhatriphal • dhatri navami • dhatri • karni • kapisha • kanakhi • karsh • dript • ark • shamy • sushravy • dhriti • sushrava • ayut • shishi • dhrit • sushthu • sushrav • apatr • sanvrit • ranjan • ranjak • yoothika • yoop • yuti • yashti • luanchan • lasy • sasy • samarchan • sahik • sukrit • lalam • bianb • banak • bhasvar • bhavy • pranav • achchhadit • achchhadak • achchhann • janmaandh • vivart • vivarn • hapana • hap • vachy • vak • lav • rochana • rochan • rechan • rechak • ruchira • ruchir • mukari (paheli) • audichy • aurvashey • shala • aurv • sharika • shari • shakun • amlan • phurahari • charvi • agah • chakanachoor • shanku • shaman • sharabh • shardool • chokha • chitra • okha • okh • aindr • phunagi • agamy • vahika • vahik • kshataj • kshat • ksharan • kshar • ghalana • ghal • bilalana • bandhak • jhilamila • jhilam • kshitij • yatharthavad • ookha • yatharth • ookh • oogat • khanak • khan • kanak • laghavi • laghavik • laghavakari • laghav • kshiprahast • chhak • havi • havy • kanishthika • sugat • janaant • tush • hriti • hritadhikar • drishti • drishtarth • drishtaant • drishtavad • pratyakshavad • pratyagatma • kshiprakari • kshipr • hrit • pratyakshar • hrichchhool • kheh • pratyaksh • drishtavat • moolabhoot • drishtaphal • vayavi • vayaviy • kanishtha • vayav • kanishth • maulik • drisht dosh • drishtakoot • moolik • drisht • vishti • nidagh • harmy • achyut • punit • tattv • mukari • anand • yantr • pad • aandhata • sadhu • yash • sant • diksha • vidhu • muramardan • purushottam • bhav • pitambar • har • madhav • chaturbhuj • ugr • upendr • sthanu • kratudhvansin • bharg • nilalohit • trilochan • viroopaksh • vamadev (shiv) • shitakinth (shiv) • shitakinth • garu dadhvaj • girish • govind • suparn • shrikanth • kapardin • pinaki • mrityuanjay • mrid • girish • nagantak • bhootesh • shankar • sharv • narayan • maheshvar (shiv) • vainatey • shoolin • pashupati • tarkshy • eesh • muni • vikat • munindr • vighnanashak • sumukh • lokajit • garutmath • marajit • bhagavat • tathagat • dharmaraj • sarvajn • vinayak • agadh • ary • arh • alp • ikshu • ichchha • asrav • asy • ahary • akrand • akarsh • asooyak • akshar • oj • prakarsh • panth • prakrit • ekarth • unnamr • ujjrimbhan • eeshan • unnat • ujjrimbh • jayy • jay • nairujy • jalp • mand • tej • namaskar • namrata • namr • prabhav • arjav • pratap • akropolis • aantashchetana • aant:karan • agora • atinootan yug • anagami • anal • anagradant • ativriddhi • adhihrishata (ailarji) • anubandh • anubhav • anubhavavad • anyathanupapatti • anyathasiddhi • apil • abhiprerak • albam • arajakata • amin • ayam • ianjil • iantar liangua • koshadhyaksh • dainik • masik

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ustak- hiandi ki vartani | lekhak- sant samir | prishth sankhya- 168

[2] qvi, qamar vahid. kahaan lagega nuqta? (hiandi) fॅsabuk d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 7 julaee, 2014.

[1]

[2]