अर्बुद
arbud sharir ke kisi bhi aang mean utpann huee gaanth hai. isako sadharan bolachal mean tyoomar bhi kaha jata hai. vikritivijnan mean arbud ki paribhasha kathin hai, parantu saral, yadyapi apoorn, paribhasha yah hai ki arbud ek svatantr aur nee utpatti hai athava aprakritik ootakapiand hai jisaki vriddhi prakritik ootakapiandoan ki niyamit vriddhi se bhinn hoti hai. chhahm arbud-kuchh arbud keval dekhane mean arbud ke saman hote haian; ve vastavik arbud nahian hote, udaharanat: chot lagane se sharir ke kis bhag ka sooj ana (usamean shoth utpann hona), tooti haddiyoan ke thik-thik n ju dane par sandhisthal par gaanth ban jana, pho da (sanskrit mean sphotak), nikalana, kau di (inphlemd lianfaitik glaiand) ubh d ana aur kshay, upadansh (sifilis), kushth adi ke karan gaanth banana arbud nahian hai. atishram se maansapeshiyoan ki vaddhi, jaise nartakiyoan mean taang ki piandaliyoan ki vriddhi, garbhadhan mean stanoan aur udar ki vriddhi adi samany sharirik kriyaean haian aur inako rog nahian kaha jata. bahar se sharir ke bhitar vishesh jivanuoan ya kitanuoan ke ghus ane par aur charoan or se sharir ki koshikaoan se unake ghire jane par jalamay puti (sist) ban jana bhi yatharth arbud nahian hai. isi prakar muanhase, aandakosh mean jal utar ane se aandakoshavriddhi adi bhi arbud nahian hai. apasphit shira (use dekhean) aur usi prakar se sharir ke bhitar drav bhare aangoan ki bhittiyoan ka durbalata ke karan phool ana bhi arbud nahian hai. histiriya mean (use dekhean), rogini ki is dharana se ki maian garbhavati hooan, pet phool ana bhi arbud nahian hai.
vastavik arbud - vastavik arbud mean sharir ki koshikaean aniyamit roop se badhane lagati haian. sharir ki rachana (d. 'sharir-rachana-vijnan) koshikamay hai. cham di koshikaoan se bani hai, maans bhi koshikaoan se bana hai, parantu vibhinn prakar ki koshikaoan se; haddiyaan, daant ityadi sabhi aang vishesh prakar ki koshikaoan se bane haian. inhian koshikaoan mean se kisi jati ki koshikaoan ke, ya unase milati-julati parantu vikrit koshikaoan ke anavashyak matra mean badhana aranbh karane se arbud utpann hota hai. is badhane ka karan abhi tak ajnat hai. yoan to svasth sharir mean koshikaoan ki sankhya sada badhati hi rahati hai. parantu pratyek koshika ki ayu simit hoti hai; ayu poori hone par usake badale mean nee koshika a jati hai. nee koshikaoan ke banane ka dhang yah hai ki koee svasth koshika do bhagoan mean vibhakt ho jati hai aur pratyek bhag badhakar poori koshika ke barabar ho jata hai. jab sharir ka tho da sa maans nikal jata hai, jaise kat jane se ya jal jane se, to p dos ki koshikaean badhane lagati haian aur tho de samay mean kshati poorti kar deti haian. kshatipoorti ke bad koshikaoan ki vriddhi apane ap band ho jati hai. ham koshikaoan ki vriddhi ka uddeshy samajh sakate haian, unaka rukana bhi uchit hi hai, yadyapi abhi tak pata nahian lag saka hai ki unaka badhana kis prakar niyantrit hota hai. arbudoan ki utpatti sharir ki koshikaoan ki akaran vriddhi se hoti hai aur vriddhi rukati nahian. navajat koshikaean bahudha kuchh vikrit (sadharan se adhik saral) hoti haian. kuchh vyavasayoan mean lage vyaktiyoan mean arbud adhik utpann hote haian, sanbhavat: us vyavasay mean prayukt rasayanik padarthoan dvara utpann uttejana ke karan. kuchh parivaroan mean arbud adhik dekhe jate haian, sanbhavat: anuvanshik (heriditairi) sharirik lakshanoan ke karan. jivanuoan ko sharir mean pravisht karakar arbud utpann karane ka prayog viphal raha. chot se arbud utpann hone ka pakka praman nahian mil saka hai.
vastavik arbudoan mean koshikavriddhi bahudha tabhi rukati hai jab rogi ki mrityu ho jati hai. nee koshikaoan ke banane ka pata sadharanat: sharir ke kisi aang ke phool ane se chalata hai. parantu adhik gaharaee mean bane arbudoan ka pata sharir ke oopari bhag ko tatolane se nahian chal pata. kabhi-kabhi aisa bhi hota hai ki arbud mean bani nee koshikaean sharir ki sadharan koshikaoan ko marati chalati haian. aisi avastha mean bhi sharir ka koee aang nahian phoolata. sadharan koshikaoan ke adhik sankhya mean marane ke karan phoolane ke badale aang pichak bhi ja sakata hai. aisa stanoan aur aantroan ke karkat (kaiansar) rog se ho sakata hai. sharir ki nalikaoan mean, jaise aant di, pittanalika tatha mootranalika mean, arbud ke karan rukavat utpann ho sakati hai. vahaan ghav ho jane se raktavaman aur raktamishrit mootr a sakata hai. arbud pak sakata hai aur tab pib (mavad) sharir ke bahar mootr adi ke sath nikal sakati hai. khop di, chhati adi haddiyoan se ghire sthanoan mean bhitar arbud banane se sharir ke aang (jaise mastishk, hriday adi) bhitar hi bhitar dabane lagate haian aur tab navin upadrav utpann hote haian. haddi ke bhitar arbud utpann hone se haddi durbal hokar toot sakati hai. anyatr bane arbud se drishtihinata ityadi utpann ho sakati hai.
mridu aur ghatak arbud - arbud mean kabhi pi da hoti hai, kabhi nahian. jab arbudoan se sharir ke any aang dabane lagate haian tab avashy pi da hoti hai. jaisa aant mean bataya gaya hai, arbudoan ke vargikaran mean kuchh kathinaee p dati hai. purane log mote hisab se arbudoan ko do jatiyoan mean vibhakt karate the, ek ghatak (mailignaiant) aur doosara mridu (binain). ghatak ve hote haian jo uchit chikitsa n karane par rogi ki jan le lete haian. mridu arbudoan se sadharanat: jan nahian jati, parantu yadi ve kisi bedhab sthan par hue to sharir ke kisi any aang ko dabakar jan le sakate haian. ghatak arbudoan mean aranbh se yah pravritti rahati hai ki ve sharir ki any koshikaoan par akraman karake unhean nasht karate rahate haian. unamean ek vishesh lakshan yah bhi hai ki ve apane udgam sthan se hatakar sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean vicharan karate rahate haian aur anek sthanoan mean unaki basti badhane lagati hai. yadi sharir ke sab aangoan se ghatak arbud ki koshikaean nikal n di jaean to ek sthan ko svachchh karane par doosare sthan se rog ka aranbh ho jata hai. mridu arburd apane udgam sthan par hi tike rahate haian. unhean katakar poornataya nikal dene par rog se chhutakara mila jata hai. mridu arbud kabhi-kabhi ghatak arbud mean badal jata hai, parantu is parivartan ka karan abhi tak jnat nahian ho saka hai.
mridu arbud - vasa (charabi) ki koshikaoan ki vriddhi se bane arbud ko lipoma kahate haian. in koshikaoan aur svasth sharir ki vasakoshikaoan mean koee bhi aantar sookshmadarshi mean nahian dikhaee p data. arbud ki vasa ek patali paradarshi jhilli ke bhitar rahati hai. ye arbud sadharanat: vahian banate haian jahaan svasth sharir mean vasa rahati hai1 adhikatar ve tvacha ke niche banate haian aur matar se lekar phutabal tak ke barabar ho sakate haian. raktavahiniyoan aur lasikavahiniyoan ke arbud sadharanat: mridu hote haian, parantu kabhi-kabhi vahini ke phat jane se itana raktasrav ho sakata hai ki rogi mar jae. hath ki haddi mean utpann arbud tatha niche ke aanguli ka mridu arbud dikhaya gaya hai.
naram haddiyoan (upasthi, kartilej) ke arbud kabhi-kabhi nariyal ke barabar tak ho sakate haian. haddiyoan ke arbud ya to bhitari goode ke badhane se ya bahari k di khol ke badhane se utpann hote haian. striyoan mean garbhashay ka arbud bahut b de akar tak pahuanch sakata hai aur isamean mridu se ghatak mean badalane ki pravritti rahati hai. bahudha samooche garbhashay ko hi nikalane par rog se chhutakara milata hai. aanguliyoan mean bahut chhota arbud ho sakata hai, jo chhoone se dukhata hai. jal bhari putika (sist) bhi kisi aanguli mean nikal sakati hai. daant ki koshikaean kabhi-kabhi janm ke samay jab de ke kisi asadharan sthan mean p d jati haian aur unake badhane se bhi arbud ho sakata hai. tab jab de mean shoth aur b di pi da hoti hai. stan arbud ka naram arbud phutabal ke barabar tak ho jata hai. vahaan ka k da arbud narangi se b da nahian hota.
ghatak arbud - jis prakar mridu tatha ghatak arbud ki kosharachana mean prithakata hoti hai, pray: usi prakar in koshoan ke jivanakram mean bhi prithak gun milate haian. pray: mridu arbudakosh mean udgamakosh ki bhaanti kriya karane ki pravritti ka adhik aansh paya jata hai. udaharanat:, chullikagranthi ke arbud rog mean in koshoan dvara chullikaras ka kuchh aansh banata hai tatha yakrit arbusad mean pitt banane ki kriya ka kuchh aansh milata hai. isake viparit, ghatak arbud ka karkat mean kosharachana ki vibhinnata ke sath hi kriya mean bhi vibhinnata hoti hai, jisase kosh ka poorv jivan kram nahian athava alp matra mean rah jata hai.
ghatak varg ke kosh mean udgam ya mool kosh ki rachana ki tulana mean anek rachanatmak vibhinnataean milati haian, jaise keandrak ka akar, nap, vishesh rasayanik rangoan ka akarshan, kosh ke rasayanik tatha bhautik gunoan mean udgamakosh se bhijhata, prasar, pivyasootr tatha praranjyatarku ki vibhinnata, sootrivibhajan mean vichitrata, asootribhajan, koshavibhajan tatha vibhedan mean asanniyamit gunoan adi visheshataean prakat hoti haian, jinase unake ghatak varg ki pahachan ho jati hai (dr. 'karkat').
aghatak arbud mean arboodakosh keval udgam ooti ke usi aang mean simit rahate haian jahaan unaki utpatti hoti hai tatha inamean aantassancharan shakti nahian hoti. ghatak aburd ki mukhy visheshataean mean vriddhi ki drutagati, aroopakita (viparyayan, ainaplezia), aantassacharan shakti (vipraveshan, infiltreshan), door ke aangoan mean shiraoan tatha lasikatantroan dvara vistarit hone ki shakti (sthanaantarana, metastaisis), shalyakriya se katakar nikalane ke bad sthaniy punarutpatti (pratyavartan, rikareans), vran, aansulit, asanniyamit koshikabhajan tatha vriddhi mukhy haian.
utpatti - arbud ki utpatti ke karan ke vishay mean kee mat haian. isaka kshetr bahut vistrit hai. ayu, yoni, jati, aang, samajik riti rasm, jalavayu tatha bhaugolik paristhitiyaan, anuvanshikata, chot, vyavasayik visheshata, katipay rasayanik vastuean, parajivi, sankraman, vairas, haramon asantulan ityadi ka arbud utpatti se sanbandh hai. (dr. karkat). ghatak arbud ke kosh p dosi aangoan mean aantassancharan gun mean pravesh kar jate haian tatha door-door ke anek aangoan mean shiraoan tatha lasika tantroan se vistarit hokar vahaan bhi vikasit hone lagate haian, jisake karan rog ke aranbh mean to lakshan udgam aang tak hi simit harate haian, parantu shighr hi sharir ke jin-jin aangoan mean unaka aantassancharan tatha vistaran hua hai un sabhi aangoan ki prakritik kriyaoan ki rukavat dvara utpann rog ke lakshan mileange tatha nity badhate jaeange. sath hi durbalata, (chi dachi dapan, anidra, masik chanchalata, pi da, raktakshinata, dhire-dhire sharir ka bhar girana) adi din prati din badhate jaeange.
nidan - chatur chikitsak bahy lakshanoan se arbudoan ka pata laga leta hai, parantu sachche roganidan ke lie sadharan pariksha ke atirikt adhunik vishesh parikshanavidhiyaan jaise mal-mootr-pariksha, eks-re-pariksha, ootak pariksha, raktapariksha, samasthanik (aisotop) rogapariksha adi kee prakar ki ritiyaan haian. chikitsa ke lie shaly, saks-re tatha samasthanik chikitsavidhiyaan ab upalabdh haian. rog ke aranbh mean hi parivarik chikitsak tatha visheshajn chikitsak ki ray shighr leni chahie.[1]
vargikaran - arbudoan ke vargikaran ki pathak ritiyaan haian. vargikaran ke namakaran ki pratha bhi samay-samay par badalati rahati hai. viliyam b aauyad ne arbudoan ka vargikaran is prakar kiya hai :-
arbud ki jati rog ka nam
1. sanyoji-ootak-arbud (kanektivatyoomars)
k- mudu (ijhoseant) phaibroma lipoma miksama kauandroma austioma
kh- ghatak (mailignaiant) sarkoma kaurdoma
2. peshi ootak arbud (masal tishoo tyoomar) laiomioma rahaivdomioma
3. vahinyarbud (aianjioma) himaiangioma lianphaiangioma
4. aantashchhadiy arbud (eandothelioma)
5. himopoetik-ootak-arbud (tyoomars aauv himopoetik tishoo):
k- mridu lasikarbud (binain lianfoma) lianphosarkoma
kh- ghatak lasikarbud (mailignaiant lianfoma) h aaudakians disij lyukimia maltipul mieloma
6. masa (pigmeanted tyoomars) nevasamelanoma
7. tantu-ootak-arbud (narvatishoo arbud) glaioma niuri blastoma retino blastoma gaianglio niuroma
8. dharichchhad arbud (epithilias tyoomars)
k- mridu (innoseant) paipiloma aidinoma
kh- ghatak (mailignaiant) karasinoma
9. vishesh prakar ke dharichchhad arbud (speshalaph aaurms aauv epithiliyam tyoomars) haipanaphreoma korio epithilioma aidamaiantinoma.
10. teratoma[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh