ताओ-ते-चिंग

tao-te-chiang (aangrezi: Tao Te Ching) prasiddh chini darshanik lao tsoo (laotse) dvara rachit ek dharm granth hai, jo tao dharm ka mukhy granth mana jata hai.

• tao-te-chiang tin shabdoan ko lekar bana hai- 'tao' ('marg') aur 'de' ('gun' ya 'shakti') - jinake aant mean 'jiang' ('puratan' ya 'shastriy') lagaya jata hai. paranparik manyata ke anusar lao tsoo ne is granth ko chhathi sadi eesa poorv mean likha tha.
• paranparik manyata ke anusar lao tsoo chin ke jhooo rajavansh kal mean sarakari abhilekhi the aur unhoanne is granth ko chhathi sadi eesa poorv mean likha tha, halaanki isaki rachana ki asaliyat par vivad jari hai. isaki sabase prachin paandulipiyaan chauthi shatabdi eesa poorv se mili haian.
• tao-te-chiang ka sabase pahala vaky hai- 'jis marg ke bare mean bat ki ja sake vah sanatan marg nahian hai'. poore granth mean bar-bar is 'marg' shabd ka prayog hota hai aur samikshakoan mean isako lekar apasi bahas hazaroan saloan se chalati aee hai. is prashn ke uttar mean ki yah kis marg ki bat kar raha hai- dharmik, darshanik, naitik ya rajanaitik- samikshak ailan chain ne kaha hai ki 'aisi shreniyaan taovadi nazarie mean ek hi haian aur inaka khandikaran keval pashchimi vicharadharaoan mean hi hota hai'.
• tao-dharmiyoan ke anusar tao mean jis marg ki batean hoti haian, vah saty, dharm aur poore brahmand ke astitv ka srot hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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