रमण महर्षि

raman maharshi
raman maharshi|200px|center
poora nam	veankataraman ayyar
janm	30 disambar, 1879
janm bhoomi	tiruchuli gaanv, tamilanadu
mrityu	14 aprail, 1950
mrityu sthan	raman ashram, tamilanadu
abhibhavak	sundaram ayyar
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	adhyatm tatha samaj seva.
bhasha	tamil
prasiddhi	mahan rrishi v samaj sevak.
vishesh yogadan	maharshi ne bharat ke sath-sath pashchim ke kee deshoan mean apana ujala phailakar desh ko gauravanvit kiya tatha manav jati ki bahumooly seva ki.
nagarikata	bharatiy
ashram	raman ashram, tamilanadu
any janakari	raman maharshi ke sanpark mean ane par asim shaanti ka anubhav hota tha. aj bhi log shaanti ki khoj mean tiruvannamalaee sthit raman maharshi ke ashram 'arunachala paha di' aur 'arunachaleshvar mandir' mean jate haian.

raman maharshi (aangrezi: Ramana Maharshi, janm- 30 disambar, 1879, tiruchuli gaanv, tamilanadu; mrityu- 14 aprail, 1950, raman ashram, tamilanadu) bisavian sadi ke mahanh sant the, jinhoanne tamilanadu sthit pavitr arunachala paha di par gahan sadhana ki thi. unhean keval bharat mean hi apitu videsho mean bhi shaant rrishi ke roop mean jana jata hai. unhoanne atm vichar par bahut bal diya tha. raman maharshi ke sanpark mean ane par asim shaanti ka anubhav hota tha. aj bhi log shaanti ki khoj mean tiruvannamalaee sthit raman maharshi ke ashram arunachala paha di aur arunachaleshvar mandir mean jate haian. maharshi ne bharat ke sath-sath pashchim ke kee desho mean apana ujala phailakar desh ko gauravanvit kiya tatha manav jati ki bahumooly seva ki. bharat ke adhyatmik ladale sapootoan mean raman maharshi ka nam agragany hai.

janm

raman maharshi ka janm 30 disambar, san 1879 mean maduree, tamilanadu ke pas 'tiruchuli' namak gaanv mean hua tha. inaka janm 'adr darshan', bhagavan shiv ka prasiddh parv, ke din hua tha. janm ke bad raman ke mata-pita ne unaka nam veankataraman ayyar rakha tha. ye apane pita sundaram ayyar ki char santanoan mean se doosare the. bad ke samay mean veankataraman ayyar 'raman maharshi' ke nam se vishv mean prasiddh hue.

shiksha

jivan ke arambhik varshoan mean veankataraman mean kuchh bhi ullekhaniy nahian tha. ve ek samany balak ke roop mean hi vikasit hue the. unhean tiruchuli ke ek praimari skool mean tatha bad mean dindukkal ke ek skool mean shiksha ke lie bheja gaya. jab ve barah varsh ke the, tabhi inake pita ka dehavasan ho gaya. aisi sthiti mean unhean parivar ke sath apane chacha subb ayyar ke sath madurai mean rahane ki avashyakata p di. madurai mean unhean pahale 'skat midil skool' tatha bad mean 'amerikan mishan haeeskool' mean bheja gaya. yadyapi vah tivr buddhi evan tivr smaran shakti se sampann the, kintu phir bhi apani padhaee ke prati ganbhir nahian the.

balashali sharir

veankataraman svasth evan shaktishali sharir se yukt the. isilie unake sathi unaki takat se darate the. veankataraman bahut gahari niand sote the. inaki niand itani gahari hoti thi ki unake sathiyoan mean se yadi kabhi kisi ko veankataraman se narajagi rahati to ve unase gahari nidravastha mean badala lete the. unhean soya janakar kahian door jakar pitate the to bhi unaki niand nahian jhulati thi.

adhyatmik anubhav

bachapan se hi raman ko lagata tha ki 'arunachala' mean kuchh rahasyamay hai, jisako samajh pana zaroori hai. jab vah 16 sal ke the to unake yahaan ek bujurg milane ke lie aye. raman ke poochhane par bujurg ne bataya ki vo arunachala se aye haian. yah janakar veankataraman unase bahut kuchh poochhane ke lie utsuk ho ge aur arunachala ke bare mean bujurg se kee saval poochhe. ek doosari ghatana ne raman ka dhyan arunachala ki or akarshit kiya aur unaki gahari adhyatmik bhavana ko jagrat kiya. unhoanne 63 shiv santo se sambandhit ek dharmik pustak padhi. yah unaka pahala dharmik sahity tha. isako padhakar vah bahut romaanchit hue. pustak mean die ge pavitr santo ke udaharan unake hriday ko chhoo gaye. isane unake hriday mean tyag aur parameshvar ke prati prem ki bhavana ko jagrat kar diya. raman ko 17 varsh ki avastha mean adhyatmik anubhav hua.

ek din raman ekaant mean apane chacha ke ghar ki pahali manjil par baithe the. hamesha ki tarah vean poornatah svasth the. achanak se unhean mrityu ke bhay ka anubhav hua. unhoanne mahasoos kiya ki ve marane ke lie ja rahe haian. aisa kyoan ho raha tha, vah nahian janate the. lekin ane vali mrityu se ve baukhalae nahian. unhoanne shaantipoorvak socha ki kya karana chahie. unhoanne apane ap se kaha- "ab mrityu a gayi hai!" isaka kya matalab hai? vah kya hai jo mar raha hai? yah sharir mar jata hai. vah tatkal let ge. apane hath pairoan ko sakht kar liya aur saans ko rokakar hothoan ko band kar liya. is samay unaka jaivik sharir ek shav ke saman tha. ab kya hoga? yah sharir ab mar chuka hai. yah ab jala diya jayega aur rakh mean badal jayega. lekin sharir ki mrityu ke sath kya maian bhi mar gaya hooan? kya maian sharir hooan? yah sharir to shaant aur nishkriy hai. lekin maian to apani poorn shakti aur yahaan tak ki avaj ko bhi mahasoos kar pa raha hooan. maian is sharir se pare ek atma hooan. sharir mar jata hai, par atma ko mrityu nahian chhoo pati. maian amar atma hooan. bad mean raman ne is anubhav ko apane bhaktoan ko sunaya aur bataya ki yah anubhav tark ki prakriya se pare hai. unhoanne sidhe sach ko jana aur mrityu ka dar sada ke lie gayab ho gaya. is prakar yuva veankataraman ne bina kisi sadhana ke apane ap ko adhyatmikata ke shikhar par paya. ahankar svayan jagarookata ki badh mean kahian kho gaya. achanak ek l daka jo ki veankataraman ke nam se jana jata tha, ek sadhu aur sant mean badal gaya. ab vah ek poorn atm-jnan ke sath vikasit jnani bhi tha.

jivan parivartan v grih tyag

yuva rrishi ka jivan achanak badal gaya. jo vastuean pahale moolyavan thian, unhoanne apana mooly kho diya. adhyayan, mitr, rishtedar, parivar adi ka unake jivan mean koee mahatv nahian rah gaya. vah poori tarah apane parivesh ke prati udasin ho gaye. vinay, gair pratirodhakata aur any gun unake shrangar ban gaye. akele baithate aur svany ko dhyan mean lin rakhate. vah roj 'minakshi mandir' jate aur har bar bhagavan aur santo ki moortiyoan ke samane kh de hokar ek umang ka anubhav karate. unaki aankhoan se lagatar aansoo bahate rahate. ek nee drishti lagatar unake sath thi. 17 varsh ki alpayu mean hi raman ka vyavahar ek yogi ke saman tha. unake adhyatmik anubhav ke 6 saptah bad hi ek ghatana ne unako ghar-bar chho dane ke lie prerit kar diya. raman ke aangrezi ke shikshak ne unaki padhaee ki or udasinata ko dekhate hue unhean ek adhyay ko tin bar likhane ke lie saja ke roop mean diya. unhoanne do bar to likha, lekin tisari bar isaki nirarthakata ko janakar likhana chho d diya. kagaz, kitab ek taraf rakh die aur aankh band karake gahare dhyan mean chale gaye. isake bad unhoanne ghar chho dane ka phaisala kar liya. unhean pata tha ki unhean kahaan jana hai. unhoanne pavitr arunachala parvat ki yatra praranbh kar di. unhoanne ghar valoan ke lie ek chitthi likhi, jisamean likha tha- "maian bhagavan ki khoj mean unake adeshanusar ja raha hooan...".

tiruvannamalaee agaman

maduree se tiruvannamalaee lagabhag 400 kilomitar door hai. raman ne yah yatra mukhyata rel aur baki paidal chalakar poorn ki. raste mean anek kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p da. kee bar bhookha hi sona p data. paidal chalane aur bhojan n milane se moorchhit ho jate the. unhean is avastha mean dekhakar log unaki sahayata karate aur khana dete. lekin ye sab kathinaiyaan raman ka manobal kam n kar sakian aur aantatah vean tiruvannamalaee pahuanch ge. vahaan pahuanchakar vean jaldi se pavitr arunachaleshvar mandir pahuanche. is samay mandir bilkul khali tha. vahaan par mandir ke pujari bhi nahian the. raman sidhe mandir ke garbhagrih mean chale gaye. jaise hi vean arunachaleshvar ke samane kh de hue, unhean akathaniy anand ka anubhav hua. ve yatra mean hue sabhi katu-anubhav bhool ge. vah mandir se bahar aye aur shahar ki galiyoan mean ghoome. unhoanne aupacharik taur par sannyas nahian liya. jab kisi ne unase poochha ki kya vah apana muandan karana chahate haian to unhoanne apani sahamati de di. muandan karane ke bad ve mandir vapas a gaye. pavitr arunachaleshvar mandir hi tiruvannalaee mean unaka pahala ghar tha.

patal liangam

kuchh saptah tak ve mandir ke hajar khamboan vale h aaul mean rahe. lekin vahaan par kuchh shaitan l dake patthar pheankakar unake dhyan mean vighn dalate. tab unhoanne apane ap ko ek bhoomigat sthan par sthantarit kar liya, jise ajakal patal liangam ke nam se jana jata hai. yahaan unhoanne kee din samadhi aur dhyan mean bitaye. samadhi ke samay ve gahari dhyan avastha mean chale jate, jisase unako ki de aur chitiyaan ke katane ka bhi anubhav n hota. aant mean unako bhaktoan dvara 'patal liangam' se bahar nikala gaya. isake bad unhoanne kee sthan badale. ve kabhi kisi se bat nahian karate the. aisa nahian tha ki unhoanne maun ka vrat liya tha, balki unaki bat karane ki ichchha hi nahian hoti thi. raman maharshi ki tapasya aur samadhi dekhakar unaka yash sab taraf phailane laga. kuchh samay uparaant raman ke parivar valoan ko pata lag gaya ki vean arunachala mean haian. unaki maan ne raman ko ghar le jane ki bahut koshish ki, lekin ve shaant rahe aur maan ko koee javab nahian diya. maan ke kee dinoan tak prayas karane ke bad raman ne ek prishth par likhakar kaha- "sabhi manushyoan ke kary unake prarabdh karm se nirdharit hote haian. jo nahian hona hai, vah nahian hoga, bhale hi ap use karane ke lie athak parishram kar lean. jo hona hai, vah hokar rahega, bhale hi ap use rokane ki koshish karate rahean. yah nishchit hai. buddhimatta isi mean hai ki shaant rahean." maharshi ka dridh nishchay dekhakar unaki maan nirash aur bhari man se vapas laut ayi.

shikshaean

kuchh samay ke pashchath maharshi arunachala parvat par 'virupaksh' namak gufa mean rahane lage. yahaan par bhi bhaktoan ne unase adhyatmik prashn karana jari rakha. kuchh prashnoan ka javab ve isharoan se aur baki ka javab likhakar dete the. yahian par 1902 mean 'shiv prakasam pillai' namak vyakti raman ke pas 14 prashn slet par likhakar laye. inhian 14 prashnoan ke uttar raman ki pahali shikshaean hai. inamean atm nirikshan ki vidhi hai, jo ki tamil mean nan yar aur aangrezi mean hoo ऍm aee ke nam se prakashit ki gayi. us samay ke prasiddh sanskrit vidvanh ganapati achary 1907 mean raman se milane ge aur unase apane adhyatmik sandeh par bat ki. ganapati achary ne bataya ki jo kuchh bhi adhyatmikata ke bare mean padha ja sakata hai, maianne padha hai, yahaan tak ki vedant shastroan ki bhi mujhe poorn samajh hai. jap bhi maian apane hriday se karata hooan. lekin phir bhi 'tapas' kya hai, ab tak samajh nahian paya hooan? yahi janane ke lie apaki sharan maian aya hooan. raman 15 minat tak unaki aankhoan mean shaant hokar dekhate rahe aur phir bole- "agar koee yah dekh pae ki 'maian' ke bhav ka udbhav kahaan se hota hai to usaka man usi sthan par avashoshit ho jayega, aur yahi tapas hai. agar koee dekh pae ki mantr bolate samay mantr ki dhvani kahaan se paida hoti hai, to usaka man usi sthan par avashoshit ho jayega, aur yahi tapas hai." yah rahasyodghatan janakar vidvanh shastri ne unake samane atm-samarpan kar diya aur unhean bhagavan v maharshi ke nam se sanbodhit kiya. shastri ne bad mean raman-gita likhi, jisamean maharshi ki shikshaoan ke bare mean bataya gaya hai. raman maharshi ke shishyoan ne unake lie ek ashram aur mandir ka nirman kiya, jahaan par desh aur videsh se bhakt akar rahate the.

maan ki mukti

kuchh samay bad raman ki mata bhi ashram mean akar rahane lagian. yahaan par unhoanne rasoee ka karyabhar sanbhala aur adhyatmik jivan ka gahan prashikshan prapt kiya. unaki maan ki tabiyat kharab rahane lagi. raman ab apana samay maan ki seva-susushra mean bitane lage. ek din subah ke samay ve apani maan ke pas baithe aur apana dahina hath maan ki chhati ke dahine hisse par aur baanya hath sir par rakha aur maan ko mukti di. maan ki samadhi ke shirsh par ek shivaliang ki sthapana ki gayi. ashram mean door-door se log ane lage the aur ashram ka vistar kafi badh gaya tha. ne vibhag ju dane lage, jaise- vedoan ke adhyayan ke lie skool, gaushala, prakashan kary ityadi. ek mata ka mandir bhi banaya gaya, jahaan niyamit pooja hoti thi. raman jyadatar h aaul mean hi baithate aur dekhate rahate ki unake charoan taraf kya ho raha hai. vah kafi sakriy rahate aur pattoan se plet banate, akhabar padhate aur patroan ke dvara poochhe gaye prashnoan ke uttar likhate rahate. maharshi ke pas bahar jakar upadesh dene ke lie bahut nimantran aye, lakin vean kabhi tiruvannamalaee se bahar nahian gaye. bad ke varshoan mean vean adhikatar bhaktoan ke samane maun baithe rahate the. kabhi kisi ne saval poochha to javab de diya. unake samane baithane vale logoan ko vishesh anubhav hota tha. kuchh ne anubhav kiya ki jaise samay ruk gaya hai. kuchh ne ek asim shaanti, jisaka varnan nahian kiya ja sakata, ka anubhav unaki muskurati shaant aankhoan mean dekhate hue kiya.

prerak prasang

• raman maharshi bahut kushal dhanurdhar bhi the. ek subah unhoanne apane ek shishy ko apani dhanurvidya dekhane ke lie bulaya. shishy yah sab pahale hi kee bar dekh chuka tha, par vah guru ki ajna ki avahelana nahian kar sakata tha. ve samip hi jangal mean ek vishal vriksh ke pas ge. raman maharshi ke pas ek phool tha, jise unhoanne pe d ki ek shakha par rakh diya. phir unhoanne apane baste se apana nayab dhanush, ban aur ek kadhaee kiya hua suandar roomal nikala. vah phool se sau kadam door akar kh de ho ge aur unhoanne shishy se kaha ki vah roomal se unaki aankhean dhankakar bhali-bhaanti band kar de. shishy ne aisa hi kiya. raman maharshi ne shishy se poochha- "tumane mujhe dhanurvidya ki mahanh kala ka abhyas karate kitane bar dekha hai?" "maian to yah sab roz hi dekhata hooan." shishy ne kaha. phir shishy ne raman maharshi se kaha- "ap to tin sau kadam door se hi phool par nishana laga sakate haian." roomal se apani aankhean dhanke hue maharshi raman ne apane pairoan ko dharati par jamaya. unhoanne poori shakti se dhanush ki pratyancha ko khiancha aur tir chho d diya. hava ko chirata hua tir phool se bahut door, yahaan tak ki pe d se bhi nahian takaraya aur lakshy se bahut door ja gira. "tir lakshy par lag gaya n?" apani aankhean kholate hue maharshi raman ne poochha. shishy ne uttar diya- "nahian, vah to lakshy ke pas bhi nahian laga. mujhe laga ki ap isake dvara sankalp ki shakti ya apani parashaktiyoan ka pradarshan karane vale the." maharshi ne kaha- "maianne tumhean sankalp shakti ka sabase mahatvapoorn path hi to padhaya hai. tum jis bhi vastu ki ichchha karo, apana poora dhyan usi par lagao. koee bhi us lakshy ko nahian vedh sakata, jo dikhaee hi n deta ho."

• ashram mean janavar aur pakshi bhi nirbhay hokar rahate the. raman maharshi in pakshiyoan aur janavaroan ko manushyoan ki tarah sanbodhit karate the. maharshi aur ye pashu-pakshi ek doosare se bahut ghul mil ge the. yoorop ke ek lekhak pal brantan ne maharshi ki khyati ke bare mean suna to ve utsukatavash maharshi se milane ke lie ashram pahuanche. vahaan unake sath jo ghatana ghati, usane unaki aankhean khol di. ve rat ko ek machan par sone ki taiyari kar rahe the. tabhi unhoanne dekha ki machan par ek jaharila saanp chadh raha hai. unhean laga ki aj unaki mrityu nishchit hai. tabhi raman maharshi ka ek sevak vahaan aya auऱ saanp se adami ki tarah bola- "thaharo beta". saanp ek ajnakari balak ki tarah jahaan ka tahaan ruk gaya aur phir paha doan ki taraf gaya aur gayab ho gaya. yah adbhut ghatana thi. pal brantan ke lie yah chakit karane vali ghatana thi. unhoanne ashram ke sevak se poochha- "akhir tumane yah chamatkar kaise kiya?" sevak ne kaha- "yah maianne nahian, raman maharshi ne chamatkar kiya. unaka kahana hai ki jiv- jantu kisi se bhi agar ham gahare pyar se boleange to vah zaroor sunega."

svasthy pareshani

raman maharshi ki 1947 mean tabiyat kharab hone lagi aur aur kuchh samay uparaant unake baean hath ki kohani mean ek gaanth ho gayi. ashram ke chikitsakoan ne ise katakar bahar nikala, lekin ek mahine mean yah phir se ho gayi. kyoanki maharshi arunachalam se bahar nahian jate the, isalie chennee se shaly chikitsakoan ka ek dal ashram aya. jab shaly kriya praranbh karane ka samay aya, tab chikitsakoan ne maharshi raman ko moorchchhavastha mean le jana chaha, jise karane se unhoanne mana kar diya. shaly chikitsak shaly kriya karane mean jut ge, kintu unake samane ek samasya kh di ho gee. jab gaanth mean sthit mrit koshikaoan ko katate haian to dard nahian hota, lekin jab jivit koshikaoan ko katate haian to dard hota hai. dard hone par moorchchhavastha mean sharir mean halachal hoti hai, jisase chikitsakoan ko jnat ho jata hai ki vahaan jivit koshika hai. kintu maharshi raman ke muanh se sisakari bhi nahian nikal rahi thi. at: daktaroan ki pareshani yah thi ki pata kaise lage ki kaun-si koshikaean mrit haian aur kaun si jivit? chikitsakoan ne apani pareshani maharshi raman ke samane rakhi to unhoanne kaha- "jis sharir par tum shaly kriya kar rahe ho, vah maian nahian hooan. maianne apane apako sharir se alag kar rakha hai aur vedana to sharir ko hoti hai." shaly kriya ke bad bhi vah gaanth thik nahian ho payi.

dehavasan

isake bad shaly chikitsakoan ne maharshi ka hath alag karane ka sujhav diya, jise unhoanne mana kar diya. unhoanne kaha ki chianta ki koee bat nahian hai, sharir nashvar hai aur isaka ek prakartik aant hai. ise pangu bana dena sahi nahian. maharshi ki aankhoan mean hamesha ki tarah chamak thi aur vah apane dard ke prati udasin the. unhoanne apane bhaktoan se milana jari rakha. jo bhakt unake duahkh se du:khi the, unase unhoanne kaha ki- "maian yah sharir nahian hooan". 14 aprail, 1950 ki sham ke samay maharshi ne sabhi bhaktoan ko darshan die. ashram mean sabhi janate the ki aant samay nikat hai. sabane arunachala shiv bhajan gaya. maharshi ne apane sevak se kaha ki- "unhean baitha de". unhoanne tho de samay ke lie apani chamakadar aur anugrahit aankhe kholi. unake chehare par muskan thi aur unaki aankhoan ke bahari kono se anand ke aansoo nikale. ek gahari saans ke sath ve shaant ho gaye. usi kshan ek dhoomaketu akash mean dikhaee diya, jo ki dhire-dhire pavitr parvat arunachala ke shikhar par pahuanch kar usake pichhe gayab ho gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• raman maharshi ke darshan
• maharshi raman v karl gustav juang

sanbandhit lekh

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