भारत के पार्थियन राज्य

thumb|bharat ke parthiyan rajy ka manachitr bharat mean jis prakar baiktriya ke yavanoan ne akraman kar apane anek rajy is desh mean sthapit kie the, vaise hi parthiya ke parthiyan logoan ne bhi bharat ke uttar-pashchimi kone mean apane shasan ko qayam kiya. selyookas dvara sthapit siriyan samrajy ke viruddh vidroh kar parthiya ne kis prakar svatantrata prapt ki thi, isaka ullekh pichhale adhyay mean kiya ja chuka hai. parthiya ke shaktishali raja mithidatas dvitiy ki shakti se parabhoot hokar hi shak log bharat mean pravesh karane ke lie vivash hue the. mithidatas dvitiy ke shasanakal mean parthiya ki shakti bahut adhik badhi huee thi, aur shak akramanoan ko usake viruddh saphalata nahian prapt ho saki thi.

parthiyan vansh ke shasak

aisa pratit hota hai, ki mithidatas dvitiy ke kisi uttaradhikari raja ke samay mean parthiyanoan ne bharat par akraman kiya, aur arkoshiya (kandhar) v sistan ke pradeshoan ko jit liya. bharat ke uttar-pashchimi kone mean parthiyan logoan ka jo shasan is vijay dvara sthapit hua, isaka mool parthiyan rajy ke sath sambandh nahian rah saka, aur vahaan par ek svatantr parthiyan vansh shasan karane laga. is svatantr parthiyan vansh ka pratham raja vononas (vanan) tha. usake sikkoan par jo lekh hai, ve grik bhasha mean haian. kandhar mean kuchh aise sikke bhi prapt hue haian, jinamean ek or to vononas (vanan) ka nam grik bhasha mean diya gaya hai, aur doosari or bharatiy prakrit bhasha mean 'maharajabhratas dhramias shpalahoras' likha hai. isase yah anuman kiya jata hai ki vanan sampoorn parthiyan samrajy ka svami tha, aur usaka bhaee shpalahor kandhar v usake samipavarti bharatiy pradeshoan par shasan karane ke lie niyukt tha. bharat ke parthiyan rajy ka shasak yah shpalahor pahali sadi ee. poo. ke madhy bhag mean hua tha.

shlapagadam

[[chitr:Maues.jpg|thumb|moas sikka 90-60 ee. ]] shpalahor ke bad bharat ke parthiyan rajy ka svami usaka putr shlapagadam bana, usake sikkoan par 'shpalahoraputras dhramias shpalagadamas' likha hai. parthiyan rajaoan ne apane nam ke sath 'dhramik' ya 'dhramia' visheshan lagaya hai. isase soochit hota hai, ki ye bhi bharatiy dharm ke prabhav mean a ge the. bharat ke parthiyan raja keval kandhar aur sistan ke pradeshoan se hi santusht nahian rahe. inhoanne qabul par akraman karake use bhi jit liya, aur vahaan ke yavan rajy ka ant kiya. isake bad ve pushkaravati (pashchimi gandhar) ki or badhe, aur use bhi apane adhin kar liya.

ay (ejas)

parthiyan logoan ki shakti ko is prakar vistrit karane vale raja ka nam ay (ejas) tha. jo sambhavatah shpalagadam ke bad parthiyan rajy ka svami bana tha. isake sikkoan par 'maharaj rajaraj mahanh ay' lekh aankit hai. isase yah soochit hota hai ki vah bahut hi shaktishali tha aur rajadhiraj kahata tha. anek aitihasikoan ke mat mean yah ay parthiyan n hokar shak tha, aur shak maharaj mog ya moa ka uttaradhikari tha. parthiyan aur shak rajaoan ke vishay mean jo kuchh bhi jnan hamean haian, usaka adhar keval unake sikke hi haian. isi karan is vishay mean matabhed ki guannjaish rahana svabhavik hai.

gondofairas

[[chitr:Gondophares-Coin.jpg|thumb|gondofairas ka sikka ]]

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ay ke bad parthiyan rajy ka svami goandofaras (gudafar) hua. usaki rajadhani pashchimi gandhar mean thi, aur vah bahut shaktishali tha. usaka nam eesaee dharm ki prachin anushruti mean bhi paya jata hai. usake anusar eesair mishanari sent tamas ne gudafar ke rajy mean eesaee dharm ka prachar kiya tha. sant tamas eesaee dharm ka ek aisa pracharak tha, jisane bharat mean pahale apane dharm ka prachar kiya.

parthiyan samrajy ka aant

gudafar ke bad bharat ke parthiyan rajy ki shakti kshin hone lag gee. isaka mukhy karan yah tha, ki is samay yuishi jati ne bharat par akraman shuroo kar die the. yuishi jati ka ullekh ham pahale hi kar chuke haian. hoonoan ke akraman ke karan yuishi log apane mool abhijan ko chho dakar shakoan par akraman karane ke lie vivash hue the, aur shak logoan ne age badhakar baiktriya ko jit liya tha. shakoan ki any shakha inhian yuishi logoan se dhakeli jakar parthiya ke samip se hoti huee bharat mean pravisht huee thi. par shak log baiktriya mean der tak nahian tik sake. yuishiyoan ne vahaan par bhi un par akraman kiya, aur baiktriya ko jitakar ve bharat ki taraf badh ae. parthiyan logoan ke bharatiy rajy ka ant karana in yuishi akrantaoan ka hi kary tha.

bharatiy itihas mean parthiyan logoan ko pahlav kaha gaya hai. puranoan mean shakoan aur pahlavoan ka nam prayah sath-sath ata hai. isaka karan yahi hai, ki shak log parthiya hokar hi bharat mean pravisht hue, aur yah sambhav hai ki unaki sena mean parthiyan sainik bhi achchhi b di sankhya mean hoan. sambhavatah parthiyan log bhi vishal shak-jati ki hi ek shakha the, jo apane jati-bhaiyoan se pahale eeran mean pravisht ho ge the.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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