कंधार
[[chitr:Kandahar.jpg|thumb|250px|kandhar, afaganistan]] kandhar prachin nagar 'gandhar' ka hi roopatanran hai. [1] yah afaganistan ka doosara sabase b da nagar hai. samarik drishti se kandhar kafi mahattvapoorn hai, kyoanki bharat se afaganistan jane vali relave lain yahian par samapt hoti hai. yah nagar mahattvapoorn mandi bhi hai. poorv se pashchim ko sthal marg se hone vala adhikaansh vyapar yahian se hota hai. kandhar mean sotoan ke pani se sianchaee ki anokhi vyavastha hai. jagah-jagah kuean khodakar unako surang se mila diya gaya hai.
sthiti
kandhar kabul se lagabhag 280 mil dakshin-pashchim aur 3,462 phut ki ooanchaee par sthit hai. yah nagar taranak evan argdab nadiyoan ke upajaoo maidan ke madhy mean sthit hai, jahaan naharoan dvara sianchaee hoti hai; parantu isake uttar ka bhag uja d hai. samip ke ne dhang se sianchit maidanoan mean phal, gehooan, jau, dalean, majith, hiang, tanbakoo adi ugaee jati haian. kandhar se ne chaman tak relamarg hai aur vahaan tak pakistan se rel jati hai. prachin kandhar nagar tin mil mean basa hua hai, jisake charoan taraph 24 phut chau di, 10 phut gahari khaee evan 27 phut ooanchi divar hai. is shahar ke chhah daravaze haian, jinamean se do poorab, do pashchim, ek uttar tatha ek dakshin mean hai. mukhy s dakean 40 phut se adhik chau di haian. kandhar char spasht bhagoan mean vibhakt hai, jinamean alag-alag jati (kabile) ke log rahate haian. inamean char- 'durrani', 'ghilazaee', 'parsivan' aur 'kakar' prasiddh haian.[2]
itihas
kandhar ka itihas uthal-puthal se bhara hua hai. paanchavian shatabdi ee. poo. mean yah faras ke samrajy ka bhag tha. lagabhag 326 ee. poo. mean makadooniya ke raja sikandar ne bharat par akraman karate samay ise jita aur usake marane par yah usake senapati selyookas ke adhikar mean aya. kuchh varsh ke bad selyookas ne ise chandragupt maury ko sauanp diya. yah ashok ke samrajy ka ek bhag tha. samrat ashok ka ek shilalekh hal hi mean is nagar ke nikat se mila hai. maury vansh ke patan par yah baiktriya, parthiya, kushan tatha shak rajaoan ke aantargat raha. dashavi shatabdi mean yah afaganoan ke qabze mean a gaya aur muslim rajy ban gaya. gyarahavian shatabdi mean sultan mahamood, terahavian shatabdi mean changez khaan tatha chaudahavian shatabdi mean taimoor ne is par apana adhikar jamaya.
mugaloan ka adhikar
1507 ee. mean kandhar ko mugal vansh ke sansthapak babar ne jit liya aur 1625 ee. tak yah dilli ke mugal badashahoan ke qabze mean raha. 1625 ee. mean hi faras ke shah abbas ne is par dakhal kar liya. shahajahaan aur aurangazeb dvara is par dubara adhikar karane ke kee prayas kiye ge, kiantu sare prayas viphal hue. kandhar tho de samay (1708-37 ee.) ko chho dakar nadirashah ki mrityu ke samay tak faras ke qabze mean raha. 1747 ee. mean ahamadashah abdali ne afaganistan ke sath is par bhi adhikar kar liya tha, kintu usake pautr jamanashah ki mrityu ke bad kuchh samay ke lie kandhar kabul se alag ho gaya.
british niyantran
1839 ee. mean british bharatiy sarakar ne afaganistan ke amir shahashuja ki or se yuddh karate hue is par niyantran sthapit kar liya aur 1842 ee. tak apane qabze mean rakha. british sena ne 1879 ee. mean is par phir se dakhal kar liya, kintu 1881 ee. mean khali kar dena p da. tab se kandhar afaganistan ka hi ek bhag hai.
varsha ki sthiti
kandhar mean varsha keval ja de mean bahut kam matra mean hoti hai. garmi adhik p dati hai. yah sthan phaloan ke lie prasiddh hai. afaganistan ka yah ek pradhan vyaparik keandr hai. yahaan se bharat ko phal niryat hote haian. yahaan ke dhani vyapari hindoo haian. nagar mean lagabhag 200 masjidean haian. darshaniy sthaloan mean 'ahamadashah ka maqabara' aur ek masjid, jisamean muhammad sahab ka kurta rakha hai, pramukh haian.
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