मालवा (आज़ादी से पूर्व)

malava ko 1310 ee. mean alauddin ne apane adhikar mean kar liya tha. firozashah tugalaq ke samay mean lagabhag 1390 ee. mean dilavar khaan malava ka soobedar banaya gaya. 1401 ee. mean malava ko svatantr ghoshit kar vah vahaan ka svadhin shasak bana. usane dhar ko apani rajadhani banaya. usane sultan ki upadhi dharan nahian ki. 1405 ee. mean dilavar khaan ki mrityu evan taimoor ke bharat se vapas chale jane par dilavar khaan ka putr alp khaan 'hushangashah' ki upadhi dharan kar 1405 ee. mean malava ka sultan bana.

hushangashah (1408-1468 ee.)

hushangashah ne apani rajadhani ko dhar se maandoo ko sthanantarit ki. dharmanirapeksh niti ka palan karate hue usane prashasan mean anek rajapootoan ko shamil kiya| naradev soni (jain) husangashah ke prashasan mean khazaanchi tha. usake samay mean ‘lalitapur mandir’ ka nirman kiya. hushangashah mahanh vidvanh aur rahasyavadi soofi sant shekh burahanuddin ka shishy tha. 1435 ee. mean alap khaan ki mrityu ke bad uraka putr gajani khaan muhammadashah ki upadhi dharan kar gaddi par baitha. usaki ayogyata ke karan isake vazir mahamood khaan ne use apadasth kar ‘mahamoodashah’ ki upadhi dharan kar aur gaddi par baitha.

mahamood khilaji (1436-1468 ee.)

mahoodashah khilaji ne 1436 ee. mean malava mean khilaji vansh ki nianv dali. mahamoodashah ek parakrami shasak tha, usane meva d ke rana kumbha ke viruddh abhiyan mean saphalata ka dava kiya tatha maandu mean sat manzila vijayastambh ka nirman karavaya. doosari taraf rana kumbha ne apani vijay ka dava karate hue vijay ki smriti mean chittau d mean vijayastambh ka nirman karavaya. mahamoodashah ne maandoo mean sat manjilo vale mahal ka nirman karavaya. nisandeh mahamood khilaji malava ke muslim shasako mean sabase yogy tha. misr ke khalifa ne usaka pad svikar kiya. mahamood khilaji ne sultan aboo seed ke yahaan se aye ek dootamandal ka svagat kiya. farishta usake guno ki prashansa karate hue use nyayi evan prajapriy samrat batata hai. koee bhi aisa varsh nahian bitata tha, jisamean vah yuddh nahian karata raha ho. phalasvaroop usaka khaima usaka ghar ban gaya tatha yuddhakshetr usaka vishram sthal. usane vyapar vanijy ki unnati ke lie jain pooanjipatiyoan ko sanrakshan diya. mandoo mean ek chikitsalay tatha ek avasiy vidyalay banavaya. usane apane rajy ki simaoan ka vistar dakshi d mean satapu da, pashchim mean gujarat ki simaoan, poorab mean buandelakhand aur uttar mean meva d evan booandi tak vistrit kiya. 1469 mean mahamoodashah ki mrityu ho gayi.

gayasuddin (1469-1500 ee.)

1469 ee. mean mahamoodashah ki mrityu ke bad usaka putr gayasuddin gaddi par baitha. 1500 ee. ke lagabhag gayasuddin ko usake putr ne zahar dekar mar diya.

abdul kadir nasiruddinashah (1500-1510 ee.)

gayasuddin ki mrityu ke bad usaka putr abdul kadir nasiruddinashah ki upadhi dharan kar malava ki gaddi par baitha. bukhar ke karan 1512 ee. mean usaki mrityu ho gee. usaki mrityu ke bad is vansh ka antim shasak 'ajam humayooan', mahamoodashah dvitiy ki upadhi grahan kar sianhasan par baitha. usane amiroan ke shadayantr se bachane ke lie chanderi ke rajapooshat sak medani ray ko apana vazir niyukt kiya. gujarat ke bahadurashah ne mahamoodashah dvitiy ko yuddh mean parast kar usaki hatya kar di. isi ke sath 1531 ee. mean malava ka gujarat mean vilay ho gaya. antim roop se malava ko mugaloan ne bajabahadur se jit liya.

sthapaty kala mean yogadan

malava par muslim shasakoan ke adhikar ke bad ek mahattvapoorn sthapaty shaili ka janm hua, jo dilli vastukala se prerit thi. yahaan par nirmit imaratoan mean dilli ke karigaroan ka upayog kiya gaya tha. malava vastukala shaili mean unaki dhaladar divarean, nukile meharab, meharaboan mean liantar v to doan ka prayog (tugalaq parampara), gumbad v piramid ke akar ki chhat (lodi shaili se prabhavit), ooanchi chaukiyoan par nirmit imaratean evan unake pravesh dvar tak pahuanchane ke lie banaee gee sidhiyoan ki saj-sajja mean vibhinn prakar ke rang prayog ki bahulata adi isaki visheshata hai. rang-birange patthar, sangamaramar evan tailoan ke prayog se yahaan ki imaratean adhik akarshak ban gee haian. malava shaili ke antargat nirmit adhikaansh imaratoan ka kendr bindu maandoo evan dhar hai. marshal ke anusar, ‘maandoo ki imaratean vastav mean janadar evan uddeshyapoorn haian aur jin imaratoan se unhoanne prerana grahan ki hai, unhian ki tarah rachanatmak pratibha se paripoorn haian. unaki apani maulikata ke karan unaki rachana aur sajavat ki apani visheshata, unake vibhinn aango ka sundar anupat athava any barik kam haian, jinaka niroopan karana lat masjid, dilavar khaan masjid evan malik mugis masjid adi kuchh aise nirman kary haian. jinaka nirman nasht kiye gaye hindoo mandiro ke avasheshoan se kiya gaya hai aur jisamean hindoo prabhav spasht roop se dikhaee p data hai. kamal maula masjid ka nirman dhar mean 1405 ee. mean kiya gaya. dilavar khaan masjid ka nirman maandoo mean 1405 ee. mean kiya gaya. malik mugis ki masjid ka nirman maandoo mean 1442 ee. mean kiya gaya. 150 phut lambi evan 132 phut chau di yah masjid ek ooanche chabootare par banaee gee hai. is masjid ke vishay mean parsi braun ka kahana hai ki, ‘yah pramukh masjid is yug ki bhavy evan apane akar ki addabhut rachana hai.’

• maandoo ka qila- hushangashah dvara nirmit maandoo ke qile ki sarvadhik akarshak imarat jami masjid evan asharafi mahal hai. jami masjid ka nirman kary 1454 ee. mean hushangashah dvara praranbh kiya gaya, kintu isako poora karane ka shrey mahamood khilaji ko hai. asharafi mahal ka nirman 1439-1469 ee. ke madhy mahamood khilaji ke dvara kiya gaya. qilean mean pravesh ke lie gaya dvar meharabadar hai, jinamean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn dilli daravaza hai. vargakar akar mean bani masjid ki ek bhuja 288 phut ki hai. masjid ke samane nirmit asharafi mahal ka nirman 1439-1469 ee. ke madhy mahamood khilaji ne karaya tha. asharafi mahal mean nirmit kee imaratoan mean hushangashah dvara nirmit ek madarasa bhi hai.
• baj bahadur evan roopamati ka mahal- is imarat ka nirman sultan nasiruddin shah dvara 1508-1509 ee. mean karavaya gaya. yah mahal paha di ke oopar nirmit hai. isamean kalatmakata ka abhav hai, doosari or roopamati ka mahal paha di ke dakshini kinare par sthit hai. is mahal ki chhat par baansuridar gumbadoan se yukt khule mandapoan ka nirman rani roopamati ke nirikshan mean hua tha.
• hushangabad ka maqabara- jami masjid ke pichhe bane hushangashah ke maqabare ka nirman kary 1440 ee. mean mahamood pratham ne poorn karaya. maqabare ke meharabadar pravesh marg ke dono taraf chhoti-chhoti jalidar pardevali khi dakiyaan bani haian. maqabare ke oopar bhadda evan nirjiv gumbad bana hai.
• hiandola mahal- ‘darabar hal’ ke nam se bhi jana jane vala yah mahal 1425 ee. mean ‘hushangashah’ dvara banavaya gaya. parsi braun ne hiandola mahal ki prashansa mean kaha hai ki, ‘bharat ki kuchh imaratean is ashcharyajanak imarat se adhik sundar v rachana mean adhik thos lagati haian. imarat ka akar aangrezi ke akshar 'aee' ke saman hai, jisamean niche ke bhag mean mukhy hal hai evan do manjile kamaroan ki katar usaki oopar ki katane vali rekha hai.’ apane barik evan svachchh nirman ke karan yah mahal atyadhik akarshak lagata hai.
• jahaz mahal- gayasuddin khilaji ke samay mean nirmit yah mahal maandoo mean sthit hai. yah mahal kapoor talab evan muanje talab ke madhy mean sthit hai. talab ke jal mean yah mahal jahaz ki tarah dikhaee deta hai. yah jahaz mahal apani meharabi divaroan, chhaye hue mandapoan evan sundar talaboan ke karan maandoo ki sundar imaratoan mean sthan rakhata hai. d aau.. radha kumud mukharji ne jahaz mahal evan hiandola mahal ki prashansa mean likha hai ki, ‘maandoo ke hiandola mahal, jahaz mahal madhyayugin bharatiy vastukala ke sarvashreshth udaharan haian. inamean islami prabhavajany sanrachanatmak adhar ki bhavyata ati vishalata tatha hindoo alankaran ki sundarata, parishkriti v sukshmata ka vivekapoorn samanvay hai.’
• kushk mahal- mahamood khilaji pratham dvara 1445 ee. mean nirmit yah mahal chanderi ke fatehabad namak sthan par sthit hai. yah mahal sat manjiloan ka hai. isake atirikt chanderi mean bhi jami masjid namak masjid ka nirman kiya gaya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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