लॉर्ड नार्थब्रुक
thumb|l aaurd narthabruk l aaurd narthabruk 1872 ee. se 1876 ee. tak bharat ka vaisaray aur gavarnar-janaral raha. vah 'glaidaston' ke vicharoan ka samarthak aur udar dal ka tha. bharat mean usaki niti "karoan mean kami, anavashyak qanoonoan ko n banane tatha krishi yogy bhoomi par bhar kam karane" ki thi.
karoan mean kami
l aaurd narthabruk mukt vyapar ka samarthak tha, parantu ayat hone vali vastuoan par alp karoan se hone vali ay ko tilaanjali nahian de saka. usane tel, chaval, nil aur lakh ko chho dakar niryat hone vali samast vastuoan par se niryat kar hata diya aur ayat karoan mean bhi 7 pratishat se 5 pratishat ki kami kar di. parantu is alp ayat kar ka bhi lankashayar ke sooti udyogapatiyoan ne virodh kiya. parinamasvaroop l aaurd dijareli ki anudar sarakar tatha tatkalin bharat mantri l aaurd sailibari ne udyogapatiyoan ke hitoan ko dhyan mean rakhakar 5 pratishat ke ayat kar ko bhi hata dene par bal diya. is karan bharat mantri (l aaurd sailisabari) aur narthabruk mean matabhed ho gaya. yah matabhed afaganistan ke prati apanayi jane vali niti ke prashn par aur bhi badh gaya.
sherali ka prastav
1873 ee. mean jab roos ne kib par adhikar kar liya, tab afaganistan ke amir sherali ne bharat ki aangrez sarakar se aur bhi nikat ke maitri sambandh ka prastav rakha. bhavishy mean roos ke akraman aur samrajy vistar ko dhyan mean rakhakar yah sandhi prastav svikar kar liya gaya. narthabruk sherali ki is prarthana ko uchit samajhata tha, isalie usane british sarakar se afaganistan ke sath is ashay ka likhit samajhauta kar lene ki amumati chahi. kintu ianglaind ki sarakar ne anumati dena svikar n kiya aur sherali ko keval sadharan sahayata ka vachan dene ko kaha gaya. kintu ianglaind mean dijaraili ki sarakar banate hi british mantrimandal ki nitiyoan mean parivartan a gaya.
sailisabari ka adesh
dijaraili ne afaganistan ke prati 1873 ee. se chali ati huee atyadhik nishkriyata ki niti ko tyagakar agrasar niti ko apanane mean ruchi prakat ki. naye bharat mantri l aaurd sailisabari ne 1874 ee. mean narthabruk ko adesh diya ki ve amir sherali se apane rajyoan mean ek aangrez rejident rakhane ko kahean. kintu narthabruk ne is maang ko anuchit samajha, kyoanki tho de hi din poorv bharat sarakar ne amir ke sandhi prastav ko thukara diya tha. unake vichar se rejident rakhane ka prastav anuchit tha aur usake bhayankar parinam ho sakate the.
tyagapatr
in sab batoan ke chalate l aaurd narthabruk ne aangrez sarakar ke sath pahale se hi matabhed hone ke karan tyagapatr de diya. kahana n hoga ki bharatiy arthavyavastha ki sthirata ki drishti se ukt ayat kar ka prachalit rahana atyavashyak tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
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sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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