उस्ता कला

usta kala
usta kala, bikaner|200px|center
vivaran	ooant ki khal par ki jane vali svarn minakari aur munavvat ke kary ko usta kala kaha jata hai.
kala ka vikas	is advitiy usta kala ka vikas 1986 mean padmashri se sammanit bikaner ke siddhahast kalakar sv. hisamuddin usta ne kiya tha. unako 1967 mean rashtriy puraskar se bhi vibhooshit kiya gaya tha.
itihas	kaha jata hai ki bikaner ke chhathe raja rayasianh tatha karn sianh kuchh usta chitrakaroan ko mugal darabar se bikaner lae the. unhean vahaan rajakiy chitrakar ka ohada diya tha. unamean usta aliraja, usta hamid raja tatha rookanudin pramukh the.
any janakari	bikaner ke usta mauhalle mean aj bhi anek kalakar usta kala ka kary kar rahe haian. usta kala ko kee aantarrashtriy v rashtriy kala pradarshaniyoan mean pradarshit kiya ja chuka hai. dilli ke pragati maidan tatha any b de shaharoan mean ayojit hone vale hastashilp meloan mean bhi kee usta kalakar shamil hote haian tatha apani kala ke jauhar ka pradarshan karate haian.

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usta kala rajasthan ke aitihasik nagar bikaner mean ooant ki khal par ki jane vali svarn minakari aur munavvat ke kary ko kaha jata hai. usta kalakaroan dvara banaee gee kalakritiyaan desh videsh mean atyant prasiddh hai. isamean ooant ki khal se bani kuppiyoan par durlabh svarn minakari ka kalatmak kary kiya jata hai jo atyant akarshak evan manamohak hota haian. shishiyoan, kuppiyoan, aeenoan, dibboan, mitti ki surahi adi par yah kala ukeri jati hai. ooant ki khal par sunahari minakari ki is advitiy usta kala ka vikas padmashri se 1986 mean sammanit bikaner ke siddhahast kalakar sv. hisamuddin usta ne kiya tha. unako 1967 mean rashtriy puraskar se bhi vibhooshit kiya gaya tha. bikaner ke usta mauhalle mean aj bhi anek kalakar usta kala ka kary kar rahe haian. usta kala ko kee aantarrashtriy v rashtriy kala pradarshaniyoan mean pradarshit kiya ja chuka hai. dilli ke pragati maidan tatha any b de shaharoan mean ayojit hone vale hastashilp meloan mean bhi kee usta kalakar shamil hote haian tatha apani kala ke jauhar ka pradarshan karate haian. desh ke vibhinn bhagoan ke shoroom mean bhi usta kalakritiyaan sajjit dekhi ja sakati hai. is kala mean sarahaniy kary ke lie hisamuddin usta ke shishy mohammad haniph usta ko rashtriy puraskar tatha mohammad asagar usta aur ajamal husain usta ko rajy stariy puraskar se navaja ja chuka hai. padmashri hisamuddin usta ke pautr mohammad jamil usta abhinav prayog kar is kala ke prachar-prasar ke lie kary kar rahean haian. jamil usta do bar 'rajasthan lalit kala akadami jayapur' ke sadasy rah chuke haian tatha is kala mean ne ayam khojane mean jute haian. bikaner ka "kemal haid treniang seantar" usta kala ka prashikshan sansthan hai.

sunahari kala v vaibhav ka pratik

kala jagath mean bikaner ki usta kala ne khas mukan banaya hai. rashtriy antarashtriy vyapar meloan, pradarshaniyoan mean is kala se sajjit ooant ki khal ki surahiya, kuppiyaan, tebal laianp, abhooshanoan ne vishesh akarshan paida kiya hai. lakadi ke bane jharokhe, photo phrem, aeene, gajarajar, dholamaroo, ghode, bailagadiyaan, usta kala ki bejod kalakritiyaan sabit huee hai. desh ke pramukh mahanagaroan mean hastakalaoan ke shoroomoan mean bikaner mean bani usta kala ki kritiyaan chav se pansad ki jati hai. [[chitr:Usta art of bikaner-3.jpg|thumb|left|usta kala, bikaner]] aj ise samuchit protsahan tath prachar mile to antarashtriy kala jagath mean isaki bhari maang ho sakati hai. darasal is kala ka vaibhav se gahara rishta hai. madhy eshiya mean bhavy mahaloan, bhavanoan ko vibhinn prakar ke phooanloan pattoan ke chitroan se sajavat ka prachalan raha hai. phooloan-patoan ke is sanyojan mean sunahari manovat tatha prakritik rangoan ke mel ne bhavanoan ki divaroan, chhatoan, stanbhoan, jharokhoan, daravajoan, meharaboan, minaroan ko susajjit kiya. madhyakal mean yahi kala bharat mean mugal darabaroan mean sthapit huee hai. mugal kal ki aitihasik imaratoan mean eerani shaili ka yah chitraankan aj bhi dhudhalake mean lipata hai. mugal darabaroan se yah kala unake rajaoan ke rajyoan mean pahuanchi to vahi sthayi ho gayi. bikaner mean chhathe raja rayasianh ke mugal samrat akabar se pragadh sambandh the. yah sambandh pidhi dar pidhi chalata raha. isi dauran mugaloan ki kala sanskriti bikaner pahuanch gayi. is kala ne usta jati ke kalakaroan ke madhyam se registan ke mahaloan, haveliyoan, mandiroan ko indradhanushi bana diya. usta jati ke kalakareaan ne is kala ko sadiyoan tak sanchit rakha. pidhi dar pidhi kala ki barikiyaan hath badalati rahi. un hathoan ne jis chij par hath lagaya vah kala ki anamol dharohar ban gayi. bikaner ne is kala ne apane bahuayami roop ko ujagar kiya vibhinn prakar ke chitroan ke madhyam se rangoan tatha sunahari manovat se. sonakin, juangali, sunahari, minakari tatala sunahari rangabeji ubhar kar samane ayi. isi kala ke sath rajapoot tatha mugal shaili ke ladhoo tatha bade chitr samane aye. bikaner ke rajaoan, sahookaroan ka paryapt sarankshan aur protsahan usta kala ko milata raha hai aur karavaan age badhata gaya. registan ki adhiyoan aur tapan ke bavajood yah kala apana astitv kayam rakhane mean saphal rahi tatha aur kalakaroan ka yah itihas ban gayi.

bikaner kaisi pahuanchi

kaha jata hai ki bikaner ke chhathe raja rayasianh tatha karn sianh kuchh usta chitrakaroan ko mugal darabar se bikaner lae the. unhean vahaan rajakiy chitrakar ka ohada diya tha. unamean usta aliraja, usta hamid raja tatha rookanudin pramukh the. usta ali raja ne karnasianh ke shasan kal mean bhagavan lakshminarayan ke mandir ko chitraankit kiya tha. isi prakar maharaja anoopasianh ke yug mean rookanudin ne rasik priya ke 187 chitr banae the. isake alava kee usta chitrakaroan ne bikaner ke mahaloan mean vibhinn prakar ke chitroan se chhatoan, meharaboan, gubandoan, stambhoan adi ko bemisal chitroan se sajjit kiya tha. bikaner ke darabar h aaul chandramahal gailari, shish mahal, anoop mahal, gaj mandir, lal nivas, dooangar nivas, soorat vilas, bhaandashah mandir adi ki chitrakala usta kala ke namoone haian. usta ali raja, shah mohammad, ustad eesa, muhammad rookanoodin, ibrahim shahabudin ahamad, abdulla, hashim, kasim hasan raja, bahaudin, hamid, natthooji, kadir baksh, murad baksh, usmaan, rahim, imamudin, sahit is kala ki lambi shrriankhala rahi hai. riyasatoan ke vilinikaran ke bad kala jagath mean bhari uchhal-prithal ne usta chitrakaroan ko bhitar tak hila diya. mahaloan, haveliyoan, mandiroan adi bhavanoan mean hone vala chitraankan kam hone laga or yooropiy shaili ke chitraankan ki maang badhane lagi. pashchaty shaili ke chitraankan ki aandhi mean usta chitrakaroan ne oot ki khal ki kalakritiyoan ko apani maulik kalpana soojhaboojh se naye ayam diye. lakadi hathi daant dhatuoan kaanch, chini mitti se bani vibhinn kalakritiyoan ko moort roop dekar paramparagat kala ko bachane ka prayas kiya gaya.

usta kala ka prachar-prasar

[[chitr:Usta art of bikaner.jpg|thumb|usta kala, bikaner]] vaibhav ki pratik is kala ke age badhane ki vipul sanbhavanaaian haian. riyasat kal mean vishesh utsavoan mean rajaoan dvara usta kalakriti sarvapratham upahar svaroop svikar ki jati thi. sanh 1886 mean landan mean ayojit antarashtriy kala pradarshani tatha peris mean chitrakala pradarshani mean usta kalakaroan ki kritiyaan sarahi gayi. sanh 1883 mean jayapur mean ayojit hastashilp pradarshani mean bhi in kalakritiyoan ki maang badhi. azadi ke bad desh ke vibhinn bhagoan mean ayojit vyapar meloan mean jab ooant ki khal lakadi adi ki kalakritiyaan rakhi gayi to kafi matra mean pansad ki gayi. pragati maidan mean ayojit hastashilp mele mean bhi kee usta kalakar shamil hote hai tatha apani kala ka pradarshan karate hai. rajasthan laghu udyog nigam ke adhin desh ke vibhin bhagoan mean karib 25 shoroom usta kalakritiyoan se sajjit hai jinaka sara kam bikaner ke usta chitrakar hi karate hai. nigam ke rajasthali nam shoroomoan mean lakadi ke jharokhe, photo phrem, oot ki khal ke tebal laipoan, surohiyoan kuppiyoan ki kafi maang hai. isi prakar sangamaramar ki vastuoan par manavet vali kalakritiyaan bhi sarahi jati hai. sosayati dvara mumbee mean tajamahal hotal mean ayojit pradarshani mean biakaner ke mohammad asaphagar usta ki chitr akritiyaan tatha ooant ke khal ki vastuean v lak di ki kalakritiyaan bhari matra mean biki thi. mumbee mean us pradarshani mean apane phan ki ekamatr st aaul lagi thi. usta chitrakala ko aj samuchit sanrakshan aur protsahan ki avashyakata hai. yah nirvivad tathy hai ki vyapar ne kalaoan ko sahara diya haian. aj bikaner ke paryatan ke prachar-prasar mean usta kala ki kritiyoan ko prasarit kiya jae to yahaan ane vala har paryatak bikaner ki dharohar ke roop mean ise kharidana chahega. isi prakar desh ke bazaroan mean yah kalakriti pahuchane ke lie kushal marketig ki avashyakata hai. agar yah kalakritiyaan uchit hathoan mean pahucheangi to isase yahaan ke kalakaroan ko kam milega tatha naye kalakar isase judeange.

bikaneri chaandi naqqashi

thumb|450px|bikaneri chaandi naqqashi bikaner ki vishv prasiddh usta kala ne ooant ki khal par svarnayukt minakari ko bulandi par pahuanchaya hai. kala ke isi saphar mean chaandi par kalatmak naqqashi ka bejo d kam karake devadatt ne chaandi par naqqashi ke kshetr mean naye ayam jo de haian. bikaner ke devadatt jaangi d yooan to chaandi ke kam ke ek karigar hai lekin unhoanne chaandi par naqqashi ke shilp mean nootan prayog karake apani ek alag pahachan banaee hai. bikaner shaili par naqqashi ke naye-naye prayog karane vale devadatt mugal shaili, rajapoot shaili, arabiyan shaili mean siddhahast haian lekin unhoanne bikaner ke mahal, haveliyoan, mandiroan mean prayukt patthar, lak di, pital ki shilpakari ka sookshm adhyayan kar bikaner shaili ko gaharaee se samajha aur phir apani jamin se ju di paramparagat bikaner shaili mean chaandi par naqqashi kar chaandi ke kalatmak shilp ko n keval jivantata di balki is vilupt pray: ho chuki shilpakari ko naye ayam aur ooanchaee bhi di hai.
chaandi kala ko vidhivat sikhane tatha parangat hone ke prashn par devadatt kahate haian ki- ’maianne vidhivath is kala ka prashikshan das sal ki avastha mean apane pita se lena shuroo kiya. us samay keval chhote-chhote saman masalan chaandi ki chhoti dibbiyaan, itradan, kajaladani banana sikha. purani kalakritiyoan ki marammat ka bhi kam kiya. is dauran bikaneri shaili ki shilpakari par vishesh kam kiya. karan bikaneri shaili ki shilpakari shane: shane: kho rahi thi. vilupt pray: hoti bikaneri shaili ko maianne apani maulik shilpakari se chaandi shilp mean naye ayam dene ki koshish ki hai. kam to mugal shaili, rajapoot shaili aur arabiyan shaili par bhi kiya hai lekin bikaneri shaili se mera gahara atmiy lagav hai aur yahi karan hai ki aj chaandi ke shilp mean ki gee bikaneri shaili ki naqqashi hi meri alag pahachan ban gee hai. chaandi par naqqashi ka kam desh bhar mean hota hai lekin is shaili ke kam ke lie door-door se log (grahak) ate haian. chaandi ki kalakritiyoan mean shuddh 999 chaandi ka istemal karane vale devadatt apani banaee kalakritiyoan ke bare mean poochhane par batate haian ki—’mandiroan ke chaandi ke kalatmak dvar, gubanj, stanbh, jha d-phanoos, chaandi ke hukke, surahiyaan, hathi, gho de, mor, machhali, rath, sher, phooladan, chhadiy़aan, pharnichar dhal, talavar shahi jootiyoan ke atirikt devataoan ki pratimaean tatha mandiroan ke chhatr adi ka kam barabar chalata rahata hai. sabhi kam mean jo naqqashi ki jati hai, vahian jatil tatha anootha kam hota hai. chaandi ki surahi mean aankit chitr, phool-pakshi sabhi sajivata ka ehasas karate haian. chaandi ka naqqashidar vriksh aur usamean aankit dev pratimaean, chaandi ki ek ianch ki kalatmak jooti, photo phrem, talavar ki mooth, guladaste, hukke, shrriangaradani, dhola-maroo ki kalakritiyaan sabhi ko pasand ati haian. chaandi ki chauki ke oopar bane stanbh gubanj aur us par kalash yah aitam bhi kafi chalata hai.’
chaandi par kalatmak naqqashi ki nirman prakriya ke bare mean devadatt se poochhane par vah kahate haian ki- ’kalatmak naqqashi ka kam itana sahaj nahian hai, jitana ki log samajhate haian. naqqashi ke kam se pahale akriti ka mool dhaancha taiyar karana hota hai. chaandi ke chhote aitam to lanbi prakriya se nahian gujarate haian kyoanki chhoti akriti ke karan vah taiyar jaldi ho jate haian lekin b de aitam ko banane se pahale usaki poori napataul tatha rooparekha kagaj par banani p dati hai. phir akriti ke anusar saanche taiyar karana b da kam hota hai. isamean hi jyada samay tatha shram lagata hai. saanche bhi kee bhagoan mean banane p date haian. kisi bhi akriti ko keval ek saanche se banana sanbhav nahian hota hai at: kee saanchoan ko jo dane ke bad mool akriti ka svaroop taiyar ho pata hai.

akhandata ka sandesh

ooant ki khal par svarn naqqashi vali usta kala mean pahali bar bharatiy ekata ka chitran kiya gaya hai. is chitran ke madhyam se kalakar ne yah sandesh diya hai ki duniya mean bharat hi ek aisa desh hai, jo duniya ka hriday hai. yahaan ki ekata aur akhandata ki misal duniya mean aur kahian najar nahian aegi. usta kala ki is kriti mean duniya ka hriday bharat ko bataya gaya hai. ‘bharat ke hriday’ namak is kriti mean ooant ke cham de se vishv ka pratik bana gol pedastal banaya hai. isake bich mean bharat ka manachitr banaya gaya hai jisamean ashok stanbh, rashtriy pashu bagh, rashtriy pakshi mor, rashtriy phool kamal aur rashtriy vriksh ashok banae ge haian. ‘bharat ke hriday’ banane vale kalakar ayoob ali usta ne bataya ki is kriti mean hindoo-muslim-sikh aur eesaee charoan dharmoan ke pratikoan ko unake rangoan se hisab se bataya gaya hai. isake alava prishth bhoomi mean tiranga aur ashok chakr ka bhi prayog kiya gaya hai. kriti ko banane vale ayoob ne bataya ki desh ke char dharm isake stanbh hai. jo yahaan ki saanskritik aur samajik virasat ko ekaroopata pradan karate haian. yahaan ke praantoan ka rahan-sahan, khan-pan aur riti-rivaj v veshabhoosha ekata ka sandesh dete haian. vishv ko isi ekata ki zaroorat hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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