जूट
thumb|250px|sookhati huee joot joot shabd sanskrit ke jata ya joot se nikala samajha jata hai. yoorop mean 18vian shatabdi mean pahale pahal is shabd ka prayog milata hai, yadyapi vahaan is dravy ka ayat 18vian shatabdi ke poorv se 'pat' ke nam se hota a raha tha.
joot ke reshe
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joot ke reshe do prakar ke joot ke paudhoan se prapt hote haian. ye paudhe tiliesiee kul ke kaurakoras kaipsulairis aur kaurakoras olitoriyas haian aur reshe ke liye donoan hi ugae jate haian. pahale prakar ki fasal kul varshik kheti ke 3/4 bhag mean aur doosare prakar ki fasal kul kheti ke shesh 1/4 bhag mean hoti hai. inake bij se fasal ugaee jati hai. bij ke liye paudhoan ko poora pakane diya jata hai, par reshe ke liye pakane ke pahale hi kat liya jata hai. yah pradhanata bharat aur pakistan mean upajae jate haian.
kaurakoras kaipsulairis
kaipsulairis kathor hota hai aur isaki kheti ooanchi tatha nichi donoan prakar ki bhoomiyoan mean hoti hai. kaipsulairis ki pattiyaan gol, bij aandakar gahare bhoore rang ke aur reshe safed par kuchh kamajor hote haian. kaipsulairis ki kismean phandook, ghaleshvari, phooleshvari, desihat, banbee di 154 aur ar 85 haian.
kaurakoras olitoriyas
olitoriyas ki kheti keval ooanchi bhoomi mean hoti hai. olitoriyas ki pattiyaan vartul, soochyakar aur bij kale rang ke hote haian aur reshe suandar sudridh par kuchh phike rang ke hote haian. olitoriyas ki kismean desi, tosah, arathoo aur chinasura grin haian.
kheti
bharat ke bangal, bihar, u disa, asam aur uttar pradesh ke kuchh taraee bhagoan mean lagabhag 16 lakh ek d bhoomi mean joot ki kheti hoti hai. isase lagabhag 38 lakh gaanth (ek gaanth ka bhabritenar 400 pauand) joot paida hota hai. utpadan ka lagabhag 67 pratishat bharat mean hi khapata hai. 7 pratishat kisanoan ke pas rah jata hai aur shesh briten, jarmani, fraans, itali, aur sanyukt rajy amarika ko niryat hota hai. amarika, misr, brazil, aphrika adi any deshoan mean isake upajane ki cheshtaean ki geean, lekin bharat ke joot ke sammukh ve abhi tak tik nahian sake. thumb|left|joot ke pe d
jalavayu
joot ki kheti garam aur nam jalavayu mean hoti hai. isaki kheti tap 250-350 seantigred aur apekshik ardrata 90 pratishat honi chahie. halaki baluee, delta ki domat mitti mean kheti achchhi hoti hai. is drishti se bangal ki jalavayu isake liye sabase adhik upayukt hai. khet ki jutaee achchhi honi chahie. bhoomi mean prati ek d 50 se 100 man gobar ki khad ya kanpost aur 400 pauand lak di ya ghas pat ki rakh dali jati hai. purani mitti mean 30-60 pauand naitrojan diya ja sakata hai. kuchh naitrojan bone ke pahale aur shesh bijaankuran ke ek saptah bad dena chahie. potash aur choone se bhi labh hota hai. nichi bhoomi mean faravari mean aur ooanchi bhoomi mean march se julaee tak boaee hoti hai. sadharanataya chhitak boaee hoti hai. ab dril ka bhi upayog hone laga hai. prati ek d 6 se lekar 10 pauand tak bij lagata hai.
kataee
paudhe ke tin se lekar nau ianch tak b de hone par pahale go daee ki jati hai. bad mean do ya tin niraee aur ki jati hai. joon se lekar aktoobar tak fasalean kati jati haian. phool jhar jane tatha phali nikal ane par hi fasal katani chahie. anyatha der karane se pachheti kataee se reshe mazaboot, par bhadde aur mote ho jate haian aur unamean chamak nahian hoti. bahut ageti kataee se paidavar kam aur reshe kamazor hote haian.
bhoomi ki satah se paudhe kat lie jate haian. kahian paudhe amool ukha d lie jate haian. aisi kati fasal ko do tin din sookhi zamin mean chho d dete haian, jisase pattiyaan sookh ya s d kar gir p dati haian. tab danthaloan ko garoan mean baandhakar pattoan, ghasapatoan, mitti adi se dhankakar chho d dete haian. phir garoan se kachara hatakar unaki shakhadar chotiyoan ko katakar nikal lete haian. ab paudhe galae jate haian. galane ke kam do din se lekar ek mas tak ka samay lag sakata hai. yah bahut kuchh vayumandal ke tap aur pani ki prakriti par nirbhar karata hai. galane ka kam kaisa chal raha hai, isaki praranbh mean prati din jaanch karate rahate haian. jab dekhate hai ki danthal se reshe b di saralata se nikale ja sakate haian tab danthal ko pani se nikal kar reshe alag karate aur dhokar sukhate haian. thumb|250px|joot ko dhote kisan resha nikalane vala pani mean kh da rahakar, danthal ka ek mootha lekar j d ke nikat vale chhor ko chhani ya muangari se mar mar kar samast danthal chhil leta hai. resha ya danthal tootana nahian chahie. ab vah use sir ke charoan or ghumakar pani ki satah par pat rakhakar, reshe ko apani or khianchakar, apadravyoan ko dhokar aur kale dhabboan ko chun kar nikal deta hai. ab usaka pani nicho d kar dhoop mean sookhane ke liye use hava mean taang deta hai. reshoan ki pooliyaan baandhakar joot pres mean bheji jati haian, jahaan unhean alag-alag vilagakar dravachalit dab mean dabakar gaanth banate haian. danthaloan mean 4.5 se 7.5 pratishat resha rahata hai.
akar
ye sadharanataya chhah se lekar das phut tak lanbe hote haian, par vishesh avasthaoan mean 14 se lekar 15 phut tak lanbe pae ge haian. turant ka nikala resha adhik mazaboot, adhik chamakadar, adhik komal aur adhik safed hota hai. in gunoan ko khula rakhane se inaka hras hota hai. joot ke reshe ka viranjan kuchh sima tak ho sakata hai, par viranjan se bilkul safed resha nahian prapt hota. resha ardratagrahi hota hai. 6 se lekar 23 pratishat tak nami reshe mean rah sakati hai.
joot ki paidavar, fasal ki kism, bhoomi ki urvarata, aantaralan, katane ka samay adi, anek batoan par nirbhar karate haian. kaipsulairis ki paidavar prati ek d 10-15 man aur olitoriyas ki 15-20 man prati ek d hoti hai. achchhi jotaee se prati ek d 30 man tak paidavar ho sakati hai.
joot ka upayog
joot ke reshe se bore, hesiyan tatha paiankiang ke kap de banate haian. kalin, dariyaan, parade, gharoan ki sajavat ke saman, astar aur rassiyaan bhi banati haian. danthal jalane ke kam ata hai aur usase barood ke koyale bhi banae ja sakate haian. danthal ka koyala barood ke liye achchha hota hai. danthal se lugadi bhi prapt hoti hai, jo kagaz banane ke kam a sakati hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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