कोस मीनार

250px|thumb|kos minar kos minar hamari puratatvik dharoharoan mean se ek haian. ye ve pratik chinh haian, jo s dak ke kinare stanbhanuma kh de hote haian. yah minarean do sabhyataoan aur shasanoan ke pratik svaroop haian-

1. afagan shasak sherashah soori ke shasan prabandh se sambandhit
2. mugal shasakoan ke shasan prabandh se sambandhit

chitr:Seealso.gifkos minar ka ullekh in lekhoan mean bhi hai: sikandara agara, graind trank rod evan sherashah soori

'kos' shabd ka arth

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

'kos' shabd doori napane ka ek paimana hai. 'kos' ka shabdik arth hai - 'doori ki ek map jo lagabhag do mil arthath sava tin ki.mi. ke barabar hoti hai.' prachin samay mean kilomitar se nahian, kos se marg ki doori mapi jati thi. ek kos mean lagabhag tin kilomitar hote haian. gay ke ranbhane ki avaz samany sthiti mean jitani door se suni ja sake 'krosh' vahi doori hai.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

sahity mean kos shabd

• hindi sahity mean bhi kos shabd ka ullekh milata hai. jaise-

[[chitr:Shershah-Suri.jpg|thumb|200px|sherashah]]

kos kos par pani badale,
paanch kos par bani.

• lokokti mean bhi isaka prayog milata hai -
  

kosoan door rahana arthath bahut door rahana, samip na rahana.

nirman kary

sherashah soori aur mugal shasakoan ne apane shasanakal mean tin prakar ke nirman karaye, jinaka ullekh milata hai-

1. saray - vah sthan, jahaan par yatri asthayi roop se avas karean
2. bavadiy़aan - pani ke talab ya kuean
3. minarean - kos minar

is prakar ke tinoan hi nirman 'rashtriy rajamarg 1' arthath ji ti rod ya sherashah soori marg par dekhane ko milate haian. bavadiy़aan aur saray, ye do prakar ke nirman ya to samapt ho gaye haian ya jirnavastha mean haian. aj kal keval 'kos minar' hi dekhane mean ati haian. kos minaroan ka nirman sherashah soori ne praranbh karavaya tha aur isaka vistar mugal shasakoan ne kiya. [[chitr:Kosminar-GT-road-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kos minar, graand trank rod, dilli]]

sthapaty

kos minar ji ti rod nan. ek par bane ve stanbh haian jo niche zamin se 9 phut ooanche ashtakoniy kornish (Cornish) aur 17 phut golaee lie hue hai. kos minar ki kul ooanchaee 26 phut aur oopar ki or golee kam hote hue 10 phut ki golaee mean kornish (Cornish) ke sath golakar lie band ho jati hai. niche se chau di, chaukor aur mazaboot adhar vali kos minar choone aur surakhi mean banayi gayi chhoti eeantoan se bani huee haian. kos minaroan ki ooanchaee lagabhag 5 mitar hoti hai. kos minaroan ka golakar 27 phut ke lagabhag hota hai. in minaroan par charoan or tho di tho di doori par chaukor ale (khane) bane hue haian. in aloan ki sankhya 24 hai jo tin payadanoan par haian. har payadan par ath chaukor ale haian. yah chaukor ale kos minaroan ki marammat karane ke lie chho de jate the jisase minaroan mean bar-bar chhed karane se bachaya ja sake. marammat aur rakhrakhav ke samay minaroan par niche se oopar tak chaukor aloan mean lak di ki peti lagakar balliyoan ko kh da kar, apas mean rassi se baandhakar, machan banakar minaroan ki marammat ya potaee ka kary poorn kiya jata hai.

mugaloan dvara nirman

kos minaroan ke ashtakar bhag ke niche 2 x 2 phut ke chaukor aur 2 ianch gahare 8 chaukhane nirmit haian, jinamean ratri ke samay prakash vyavastha ke lie mashal jala kar rakhi jati thi. mugal shasakoan ne lagabhag ek hazar kos minaroan ka nirman karavaya tha. akabaranama mean bhi kos minaroan ka ullekh hai. kos minarean mukhyat: bangal ke gaanv sonar se praranbh hokar agara, mathura, dilli, hariyana, panjab ke kshetroan se hote hue pakistan ke peshavar shahar tak bane hue haian. in kos minaroan se yatriyoan ko rasta pahachanane v doori napane mean madad milati thi. in kos minaroan par prashasan ki or se ek ashvarohi sandeshavahak aur shahi sainikoan ki niyukti hoti thi jo shahi sandesh aur patr ko ek sthan se doosare sthan tak pahuanchane ka kary karate the.

bharat mean patr bhejane ki vyavastha isi samay se praranbh huee thi. kos minaroan mean ek b da naga da bhi rakha jata tha jo pratyek ghante ki samapti par bajaya jata tha. kos minaroan ke pas sthit saray par yatri vishram kar apani thakan door kiya karate the. [[chitr:Kosminar-near-Tarn-Taran-Punjab.jpg|thumb|200px|kosaminar, taranataran (panjab)]]

mugal shasak

mugal shasakoan ne ye kos minar pashchim mean agara se ajamer vaya jayapur, uttar mean agara se lahaur vaya dilli v dakshin mean agara se maandoo vaya shivapuri ke rastoan mean banavaee thi. in minaroan ka prayog mil ke patthar ke roop kiya jata tha. inhe dekhakar rajasi parivar ke log yah tay karate the ki unaki manzil abhi aur kitani door hai. batate haian ki minaroan ke pas hamesha se ek kuaan ya bav di hoti thi, jahaan par kuchh der baithakar aram kiya ja sake aur pani pikar pyas bujhaee ja sake. har minar ke pas hare bhare pe d bhi zaroor hote the, jisase chhaya mean baithakar rahagir aram kar sakean. in minaroan par shasan ki or se adami niyukt hote the. ye din mean logoan ki seva karate the aur rat mean minar ke oopar roshani karate the, jisase rat mean bhatake rahagir ko rasta mil jae. eet v choone gare se bani ye kos minar har tin kilomitar ya ek kos par banaee gee thi. aj inaka astitv khatare mean hai.

bharatiy puratv sarvekshan vibhag

bharatiy puratv sarvekshan vibhag ke anusar hariyana mean 49 kos minarean haian jinamean se pharidabad mean 17, sonipat mean 7, panipat mean 5, karanal mean 10, kurukshetr mean 9 haian. ye kos minar mukhyat: dilli, sonipat, panipat, kurukshetr, aanbala, ludhiyana, jalandhar, amritasar se peshavar (pakistan) tak v dilli - agara rajamarg par sthapit haian.

rashtriy smarak

kuchh varsh pahale hi dilli uchch nyayalay ke ek adesh se prashasan ne in kos minaroan ke pas se atikraman ko hataya hai. yadyapi bharatiy puratattv vibhag ne in kos minaroan ko rashtriy smarak ghoshit kiya hai tatha adhiniyam 1958 (24) ke anusar inhean hani pahuanchana dandaniy aparadh hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• soori vansh aur mugalakal ki dharohar