घिरनी
ghirani (aangrezi: Pulleys) ek gol ranbh hai, jisase mashin ki shakti ko ek sthan se doosare sthan tak le jaya jata hai. yadi kisi kharad ko ianjan se chalana hai, to ianjan ki ghirani aur kharad ki ghirani par patta chadhakar ianjan ki shakti se kharad ko chalate haian. ghirani ke vyas se hi mashinoan ki gati ko kam ya jyada kiya ja sakata hai. mashinoan ki shakti ko bina kisi hani ke to daantoan vale chakroan se hi ek sthan se doosare sthan par le jaya ja sakata hai, parantu jahaan in sthanoan mean doori adhik ho vahaan in chakroan ka upayog nahian ho sakata. inhian sthanoan par ghiraniyoan ka upayog hota hai. in par cham de ke pattoan ya rassoan ko chadhakar ek ghirani se doosari ghirani ko shakti di jati hai. yadi ianjan se kisi doosari mashin ko chalaya ja raha hai, to ianjan ki ghirani chalane vali ghirani kahalaegi aur mashin ki ghirani chalane vali ghirani hogi.
nirman
ghiraniyaan pray: dhalavaan lohe ki hoti haian, jinamean bich ka bhag ghirani ke hal se bajuoan dvara ju da hota hai. ye bajoo sankhya mean char se lekar chh: tak hote haian. ghirani ke bich vale bhag ke chhed mean dhuri ko dalakar kas diya jata hai. ghirani ke har bhag ki nap aisi rakhi jati hai ki vah us par p dane vale har bal ko sahan kar sake. ghirani ke hal ki chau daee patte ki chau daee se kuchh hi jyada rakhi jati hai. isake hal par do prakar ke bal hoange, ek to patte ke khianchav ke karan aur doosara isake ghoomane ke karan. yah dekha gaya hai ki ek varg ianch parichchhed ke hal ki ghirani ki gati 100 phut prati sekand se adhik honi chahie. isaliye dhalavaan lohe ki ghirani ko is gati se adhik tej nahian chalaya jata. jahaan adhik gati ki avashyakata hoti hai vahaan kachche aur dhalavaan lohe ko milakar ghirani banaee jati hai. isaka dhyan rahe ki adhik gati se chalane vali ghiraniyoan ko dhala nahian jata, balki isake vibhinn bhagoan ko alag banakar pechoan dvara jo da jata hai. is prakar ki ghirani ka bhar bhi pray: adhik nahian hota aur n usake tootane ka itana dar rahata hai. ghirani banane mean isaka bhi dhyan rakha jata hai ki usaka akarshan keandr thik bich mean ho. yadi aisa n hua to dhuri ke ghoomate hi usamean tharatharahat paida hogi aur dhuri ko tolan kharab ho jayaga. isaliye ghirani ko dhuri par chadhakar isaka tolan jaanch liya jata hai. isako jaanchane ke liye dhuri ko donoan kinaroan se adharoan par rakh diya jata hai. yadi dhuri har sthan par ruki rahe aur ghoome nahian, to isaka tolan thik hoga, aur agar yah kisi or ghoom jay to isase pata chalega ki ghirani ek or se bhari hai. ghirani jis or bhari hoti hai usake doosari or utana hi vajan baandhakar isaka tolan thik kar liya jata hai. bhinn bhinn prakar ki ghiraniyoan ka vivaran niche diya ja raha hai-
pad ghirani
yah ghirani alag alag vyas ki do ya usase jyada ghiraniyoan ko milakar banaee jati hai. pad ghirani ko ek hi bhag mean dhala jata hai. inaka upayog usi sthan par hota hai jahaan chalane aur chalane vali donoan ghiraniyaan hoan aur chalane vali mashin ki gati ko badalane ki bhi avashyakata ho. in ghiraniyoan ko is prakar lagaya jata hai ki ek ghirani ki chhoti ghirani doosare ki b di ghirani ke samane ho. isase patte ko ek pad se doosare pad par badalane se patte ki lanbaee mean koee aantar nahian ata, isaliye patte ko ghirani par chadhane se pahale usaki lanbaee donoan ghiraniyoan ke vyasoan ka lekar nikal li jati hai. ghirani par jo patta chadhaya jata hai, usase chalane vali mashin ki disha bhi badali jati hai. isase liye yadi patte ke donoan bajoo samaantar haian, to chalane vali ghirani ke ghoomane ki disha vahi hogi jo chalane vali ghirani ki hai. agar is disha ko badalana hai, to patte ke bajuoan ko ek doosare par chadhakar ghirani par chadhaya jata hai.
savar ghirani
yah ghirani pray: chhote akar ki hoti hai aur patte ka tanav thik banae rakhane ke kam ati hai. isaki dhuri par ek skand lagakar patte par chho d diya jata hai aur skand ke bal ke karan yah ghirani patte ka dabae rakhati hai. chalate chalate yadi patte ka tanav kam ho jae, to skand ke dabav ke karan savar ghirani patte par aur dab jati hai, jisase tanav mean kami nahian ho pati. isaliye savar ghirani lagabhag har patte par lagaee jati hai.
kasi huee aur dhili ghirani
ye donoan ghiraniyaan pas pas chalane vali dhuriyaan par lagaee jati haian aur in donoan ka vyas barabar hota hai. inamean pahali ghirani dhuri par kasi huee hoti hai aur mashinoan ke chalane ke kam ati hai. doosari dhili ghirani n to dhuri ke ghoomane se ghoomati hai aur n isake ghoomane se dhuri ghoomati hai. dhili ghirani lagane ka matalab keval yah hota hai ki jab chalane vali ghirani se patte ko dhili ghirani par laya jata hai to dhuri to ghoomati rahati hai, magar kasi huee chalane vali mashin ruk jati hai. isaliye jo mashin is dhuri se chalaee ja rahi ho, vah bina dhuri ke roke hue roki ja sakati hai. jab is mashin ko phir chalana ho to patte ko sthir ghirani par le aya jata hai.
V akar ki ghirani
in ghiraniyoan ka akar V ki shakl ka hota hai aur ye vahaan kam ati haian jahaan rassoan ko shakti le jane ke kam mean laya jata hai. kuchh sthanoan par shakti itani jyada hoti hai ki use cham de ke pattoan se nahian le jaya ja sakata. isaliye kee kee rassoan ko milakar is prakar ki ghiraniyoan par chadha diya jata hai. ye rasse soot ke bhi hote haian aur lohe ke taroan ke bhi. doosara labh in rassoan se yah hota hai ki chalate samay ye ghiraniyoan par utana nahi phisalate jitana cham de ka patta phisalata hai. isase shakti ki hani nahian hoti.
marg ghirani
yadi chalane aur chalane vali dhuriyaan samaantar nahian hai, to patta ghiraniyoan par se phisal jaega. isako rokane ke liye marg ghirani ka upayog hota hai. is ghirani ko is prakar lagaya jata hai ki chalane vali ghirani aur marg ghirani ki dhuriyaan ek samatal mean hoan aur marg ghirani tatha chalane vali ghirani ki dhuri ek samatal mean ho. isase ghiraniyoan par chadha hua patta nahian utarega.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh