पनचक्की
thumb|panachakki|300px panachakki (aangrezi: Water Wheel) ek yaantrik yukti hai jo bahate hue ya girate hue jal ki oorja se ghoomakar kisi doosari yukti ko chalati hai jisase upayogi kam hota hai. madhyayug mean panachakkiyaan vibhinn deshoan mean karakhanoan mean bahut se kam karatian thian. in panachakkiyoan ka sarvadhik upayog anaj pisakar ata banane mean hota tha. 'panachakki' parvatiy kshetr mean ata pisane ka ek upakaran hai jisaka upayog atyant prachin kal se hai. pani se chalane ke karan ise "ghat' ya "gharat' kahate haian. panachakkiyaan pray: sadanira nadiyoan ke tat par banaee jati haian. gool dvara nadi se pani lekar use lak di ke panale mean pravahit kiya jata hai jisase pani mean tej pravah utpann ho jata hai. is pravah ke niche pankhedar chakr (phitau da) rakhakar usake oopar chakki ke do pat rakhe jate haian. nichala chakka bhari evan sthir hota hai. pankhe ke chakr ka bich ka oopar utha nukila bhag (bi) oopari chakke ke khaanche mean nihit lohe ki khapachchi (kvelar) mean phansaya jata hai. pani ke veg se jyoan hi pankhedar chakr ghoomane lagata hai, chakki ka oopari chakka ghoomane lagata hai.
panachakki ka nirman
panachakki pray: do manjili hoti hai. kahi pankhedar chakr ke ghoomane ki jagah ko chho dakar ek manjili chakki bhi dekhane mean ati hai. bhoomigat ya nichali manjil mean panachakki ke phitau da, talapati (tavapati), tal (tav), kaanta (kan), bi, aukyoo d, talapati ko dabane ke lie bhar ya patthar tatha panela (panyav) hote haian. oopari manjil mean nichala chakka (tavauti pati), oopari chakka (matharauti pati), kvelar, ch di, adhar ki lak di, panyai tatha ki chhat ki rassiyoan se lataka "dyook' hota hai. panachakki nirman ke lie sarvapratham nadi ke kinare kisi upayukt sthan tak gool dvara pani pahuanchaya jata hai. us pani ko phir ooanchaee se lagabhag 45° ke kon par sthapit lak di ke niladar panale mean pravahit kiya jata hai, isase pani mean tivr veg utpann ho jata hai. panale ke mooanh par baans ki jali lagi rahati hai, usase pani mean bahakar ane vali ghas-pat ya lak di vahian atak jati hai. gool ko sthaniy boli mean "ban' bhi kaha jata hai. panale ko patthar ki divar par tikaya jata hai. gool ke pani ko to dane ke lie panale ke pas hi patthar ya lak di ki ek takhti bhi hoti hai, jise "muanar' kahate haian. ise pani ki viparit disha mean lagakar jab chahe panale mean pravahit kar diya jata hai ya panale mean pani ka pravah rokakar gool to d di jati hai. "panala' pray: aisi lak di ka banaya jata hai, jo pani mean shighr s de-gale nahian. sthaniy upalabdhata ke adhar par panale ki lak di chi d, jamun, sal, baans, san d, baians, jaithal adi kisi ki bhi ho sakati hai. panale ki nali is tarah kati jati hai ki bahar ki or niche ka sira sankara tatha bhitari or gol gaharaee lie hue ho. panale ka gool par sthit sira chau da aur niche ka sira sankara hota hai. samanyat: panale ki lanbaee 15 se 16 phit ho sakati hai aur golaee lagabhag 2 phit tak hoti hai, parantu nam ghat-badh bhi sakati hai. panale gaanv ke log samoohik rup se jangal se panachakki ke sthal tak late haian.
panachakki ka phitau d
phitau da lak di ka aisa thos tuk da hota hai, jo bich mean ubhara rahata hai aur donoan siroan par kam chau d hota hai. isaka nichala sira apekshakrit adhik nukila hota hai, jis par lohe ki kil lagi hoti hai. yah kil adhar patare ke madhy mean rakhe lohe ke gutake ya chakamak patthar ke bane tal par tika rahata hai. in donoan ko samaveth rup se tal kaanta kaha jata hai. talakaante ko kahi "mainapati' bhi kaha jata hai. phitau da pray: san d, sal, jamun, saj ki lak di ka bana hota hai. adhar patara pray: sal ya san d ki lak di ka hota hai. "talakaante' ki kahian mainapati bhi kahate haian. phitau de ke golaee vale madhy bhag mean khaanchoan mean lak di ke paanch, sat, nau ya gyarah pankhe lage rahate haian. inaki lanbaee sava phit tatha chau daee 3/4 phit tak hoti hai. pankhoan ki lanbaee-chau daee oopari chakke ke vajan aur phitau de ke akar-prakar par nirbhar karati hai. pankhoan ko "phirang' kaha jata hai. pankhoan mean pray: chi d ya sal ki chh d phansaee jati hai, jo nichale chakke ke chhed se hoti huee oopari chakke ke khaanche mean phir lohe ki khapachchi (kvelar) mean phansaee jati hai, nichale chakke mean sthiti chhed mean lak di ke gutake ko achchhi tarah kil diya jata hai, jisase maduva adi mahin anaj chhidroan se chhir n sake. lohe ki is chh d ko "bi' kaha jata hai. adhar ke patare ko pattharoan se achchhi tarah se daba diya jata hai, jisase vah hile nahian. adhar patare ke ek sire ko divar se daba kar doosare sire par saj ya sal ki majaboot lak di phansa kar do manjilean tak pahuanchaee jati hai, jahaan us par ek hattha lagaya jata hai. ise "aukyoo d' kahate haian.
aukyoo d ka arth
aukyoo d ka arth hai - uthane ki kal. aukyoo d ko uthane ke lie lak di ki patti prayog mean laee jati hai, jo sire ki or patali tatha pichhe ki or moti hoti hai. is par bhi hattha bana rahata hai. aukyoo d uthane se gharat ka oopari chakka nichale chakke se tho da uth jata hai, jisase ata mota pisata hai. aukyoo d ko bitha diya jae, to ata mahin pisane lagata hai. aukyoo d ki sahayata se ata mota ya mahin kiya jata hai.
tavauti pati evan matharauti pati
dumanjile mean "bi' ko bich mean rakh kar nichala chakka sthapit kiya jata hai. nichale chakke (tavauti pati) ko sthir kar diya jata hai. phir nichale chakke ke oopar oopari chakka rakha jata hai. isi oopari chakke ke khaanche mean phansi lohe ki khapachchi ko phitau d se oopar nikali lohe ki chh d ki nok par tikaya jata hai. oopari chakke ko "matharauti pati' kaha jata hai. ye chakke pithauragadh janapad ke baurani namak sthan ke sarvottam mane jate haian, jo ghisate kam haian aur tikaoo bhi hote haian. inhean nirmit karane mean baurani ke karigar siddhahast mane jate haian. chakki ko bhi gaanv vale samoohik rup se panachakki sthal tak late haian. oopari chakke par alankaran bhi rahata hai. baurani ke chakke upalabdh n hone par sthaniy tikaoo v kathor pattharoan ke bhi kee log chakke banate haian.
mani aur doka
oopari chakke se lagabhag do-dhaee ianch chhat mean bandhi bhaang (cannabis Sativa), ramabaans (Agave americana ) ya babil (Eulalipsis binata ) ki rassiyoan ki sahayata se kianragal (Chimnobambusa faicata and C. jaunsarenisis ) ka "doka' banaya jata hai. yah kisi pe d ke tane ka shankvakar khokhal ka bhi ho sakata hai, jo ulta lataka rahata hai, ab yah takhtoan se b aauks ke akar ka bhi banane laga hai. is doke ke nichale sankare sire par ek "panyai' ya "mani' lagi rahati hai. yah age ki or nalinuma mukh vali hoti hai. mani doke mean dale ge anaj ko ekaek niche girane se rokati hai. is mani ke mukh de ki or se pichhe ki or nali lagabhag 25 aansh se 30 aansh ka kon banati huee kati jati hai. yah mani ya panyai gethi (Boehmeria regulosa ) jamun, baanj adi ki bani hoti hai. mani ki nali se anaj ki dhar ko niyantrit karane ke lie kabhi gile ate ka bhi lep usake muanh par laga diya jata hai. is mani ya panyai ke pichhe ki or chhed karake usamean katooanj (Castanopsis tribuloides ) baanj ya phanyat (Quercxus glauce ) ki tirachhi lak di phansa di jati hai. yah lak di mani aur doke ka santulan banae rakhati hai. avashyakata p dane par is tirachhe dande par rassi baandh kar muanh ko oopari chakke mean bane chhed ke thik oopar rakha jata hai. jisase anaj ke dane chakke ke pat ke bhitar hi p de, bahar n bikharean. doke aur mani ki rassiyoan par gaanthe lagi rahati haian. inamean lak di phansakar avashyakatanurup doke v mani ko age-pichhe kar sthir kar diya jata hai. is tirachhe dande par ek ya ekadhik pakshi ke akar ke lak di ke tuk de is prakar lagae jate haian ki unaka nichala sira chakke ke oopari pat ko nirantar chhoota rahe. inhean "ch di' kaha jata hai, kyoanki ye chakke ke oopari pat par sada chadhi rahati hai. ye ch diyaan chakke ke ghoomate hi mani aur doke ko hilati hai, anaj ke dane mani ki dhar se chakki mean girane lagate haian aur chakki ann ke danoan ko ate mean parinat kar deti hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ mahar, pankaj sianh. panachakki (gharat / ghat) (hiandi) mera paha d kamyuniti aauf uttarakhand lavars. abhigaman tithi: 14 aprॅl, 2013.
sanbandhit lekh
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