त्वरण

(अंग्रेज़ी:Acceleration) यह आवश्यक नहीं है कि जो वस्तु गतिमान है, उसका वेग सदैव एकसमान ही रहे। यह भी हो सकता है कि उसका वेग भिन्न–भिन्न समयों पर भिन्न–भिन्न रहे। यदि समय के साथ वस्तु का वेग बढ़ता या घटता है तो ऐसी स्थिति को त्वरित गति कहते हैं तथा यह बताने के लिए कि वेग में किस दर से परिवर्तन होता है, हम एक नई राशि 'त्वरण' का प्रयोग करते हैं। अतः किसी गतिमान वस्तु के वेग में प्रति एकांक समयान्तराल में होने वाले परिवर्तन को उस वस्तु का त्वरण कहते हैं। अर्थात् वे वेग परिवर्तन की दर को त्वरण कहते हैं। यदि वेग बढ़ता है तो त्वरण धनात्मक माना जाता है, और यदि वेग घटता है तो वेग ऋणात्मक माना जाता है। यदि किसी वस्तु के वेग में बराबर समयान्तरालों में बराबर परिवर्तन हो रहा है तो उसका त्वरण 'एक समान' कहलाता है।

त्वरण = वेग में परिवर्तनFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {{\big /}}} समयान्तराल

त्वरण एक सदिश राशि है। यदि किसी वस्तु का वेग Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} ₁ समय पर Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} ₁ है, तथा Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} ₂ समय पर Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} ₂ है तो,

त्वरण = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\frac {u2-u1}{t2-t1}}

यदि समय के साथ वस्तु का वेग घटता है, तो त्वरण ऋणात्मक होता है। जिसे मन्दन कहते हैं। इस प्रकार मन्दन वेग घटने की दर होता है।

M.K.S. पद्धति में इसका मात्रक मीटरFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {{\big /}}} सेकेण्ड² होता है।

नियत त्वरण वाली गति के समीकरण

यदि कोई वस्तु एक नियत त्वरण से एक ऋजुरेखा में चल रही हो तो उसके वेग, विस्थापन, समय तथा त्वरण के पारस्परिक सम्बन्धों को समीकरणों के द्वारा व्यक्त किया जा सकता है। ये समीकरण 'गति के समीरकरण' कहलाते हैं।

माना की कोई वस्तु Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} से चलना प्रारम्भ करती है तथा उस पर एक नियत त्वरण Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} आरोपित है।

यदि Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} सेकेण्ड में वस्तु Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {s}} दूरी तय कर लेती है तथा उसका वेग Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} हो जाता है। तब Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {s}} और Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} के सम्बन्धों को निम्न समीकरणों से व्यक्त किया जा सकता है—

1. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}}{t}
2. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {s}} = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): s=ut+{\frac {1}{2}}at^{2}
3. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} ² = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} ² Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} _as

वस्तु द्वारा Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {t}} वें सेकेण्ड में चली हुई दूरी

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {S}} ₁ = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): u+{\frac {1}{2}}a(2t-1) होती है।

उपरोक्त समीकरण तभी लागू होती है, जब त्वरण नियत हो तथा गति सरल रेखा में हो।

गुरुत्वीय गति के समीकरण

पृथ्वी प्रत्येक वस्तु को अपने केन्द्र की ओर खींचती है। इस खिंचाव के कारण पृथ्वी की ओर स्वतंत्रतापूर्वक गिरती हुई वस्तुओं में एक नियत त्वरण आरोपित हो जाता है, जिसे गुरुत्वीय त्वरण कहते हैं। गुरुत्वीय त्वरण को Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {g}} से प्रदर्शित करते हैं। इसका मान लगभग 9.8 मीटर/सेकेण्ड² होता है। पृथ्वी की ओर गिरती हुई अथवा पृथ्वी के ऊपर की ओर जाती हुई वस्तु की गति को गुरुत्वीय गति कहते हैं। पृथ्वी की ओर गिरती हुई वस्तुओं के लिए गति के निम्न समीकरण हैं-

1. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {gt}}
2. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {h}} = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): ut+{\frac {1}{2}}gt^{2}
3. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {v}} ² = Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {u}} ² Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} _gh

यदि कोई वस्तु पृथ्वी से ऊपर की ओर फेंकी जाए तो उक्त समीकरणों में Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {g}} के स्थान पर Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): - Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {g}} रख देते हैं।

समरूप वृत्तीय गति- जब कोई कण किसी वृत्ताकार मार्ग में समरूप चाल से चलता है, तो उसकी गति 'समरूप वृत्तीय गति' कहलाती है।

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