नेवासा
nevasa ek purasthal hai, jo maharashtr ke ahamadanagar zile mean zila mukhyalay se uttar-poorv ki or godavari nadi ki sahayak nadi pravara ke donoan tatoan par sthit hai. is sthal ko khojane ka shrey em.en. deshapande ko jata hai. nevasa prachin 'shrinivas kshetr' hai, jo ki shrinivas ka hi apabhransh hai. 1954-1955 mean poona vishvavidyalay ki or se kiye ge utkhanan mean yahaan tin sahasr varsh prachin sabhyata ke avashesh prapt hue haian. rom aur bharat ke vyaparik sanbandhoan ke bare mean utkhanan dvara prapt samagri se kafi janakari huee hai. sant jnaneshvar ne gita par apani prasiddh tika 'jnaneshvari' ka shri ganesh nevasa mean hi kiya tha. unhoanne jin shilaoan par jnaneshvari ko aankit karavaya tha, ve aj bhi yahaan haian.[1]
utkhanan
nevasa mean purapashan kal prastar upakaran prapt hue haian. is sthal par pune ke dakkhan k aaulej ki or se 1954-56 mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. isake pashchath 1959-1961 mean punah is sthal par ech.di. saankaliya evan jed. di. aansari ne utkhanan aur aanveshan kary karavaya. nevasa ke utkhanan mean prapt puravasheshoan ke vishleshan se yahaan vibhinn staroan mean chhah alag-alag kal ki sanskritiyoan ke darshan hote haian
- nimn purapashan kal (1,50,000 ee.poo.)
- madhy purapashan kal (25,000 ee.poo.)
- tamr pashanik kal (1500 se 1000 ee.poo.)
- prarambhik aitihasik kal (150 ee.poo. se 50 ee.poo.)
- aitihasik kal (50 ee.poo. se 200 ee.)
- uttar madhy kal (1400 ee.poo. se 1700 ee.poo.)
pravara ke tat par nevasa ke as-pas sarvekshan se nimn purapashan kalin prastar upakaran mile haian, jinamean hast kulha di klivar, skrepar tatha kor phalak pramukh haian. narmada ke atirikt nevasa hi prayadvipiy bharat mean aisa sthal hai, jahaan se purapashan kal ke upakaranoan ke sath hi hathi, gho de evan any pashuoan ke jivashm mile haian. 1966-1969 mean chiraki-nevasa mean utkhanan ke dauran 2,407 prastar upakaran mile haian. in upakaranoan mean kuchh arddh-nirmit haian aur kuchh nirmiyaman avastha mean haian. pravara ke bayean tat par nevasa ke utkhanan se madhy purapashan kal ke phalak pradhan upakaran prapt hue haian. inamean mukhyatah phalak par bane skrepar haian. inake alava chhidrak, vedhak aur byoorin prapt hue haian.
avashesh
nevasa ke any star se tisari sanskriti tamrapashanik sanskriti ke avashesh prapt hue haian. is kal mean manav ne yahaan par sthayi basti bana li thi. is kal ke nivasiyoan ke avas baans-balli v ghas-phoos ke the. inamean mitti ke choolhe tatha patthar ke sil-batte mile haian, jinaka prayog khadyanoan ko pisane mean kiya jata hoga. ye log krishi evan pashupalan se parichit the. tamr upakaranoan mean yahaan se kulha diyaan, chaqoo, choo diyaan manake aur aanjan shalakaean mili haian. is sthal se jorve taip ke mridapatr prapt hue haian. is prakar ke patr gulabi rang ke chak par bane hote haian, jin par toantiyaan adi hath se lagayi jati thian. in par jyamitiy evan pashu akritiyoan ka aankan milata hai. in patroan mean toantidar bartan, katore, gahare katore, tasale, matake aur gh de adi ullekhaniy haian. mitti ke andakar dipak bhi mile haian. stri-purushoan ke abhooshanoan mean taanbe, aget, jaispar, karneliyan, chalsedani aur mitti ke manakoan ke har mile haian. inhean mritakoan ke sath bhi daphanaya jata tha. mritakoan ko uttar mean sir karake daphanane ka sanket milata hai. bachchoan ko do kalashoan mean daphanane ka rivaj tha.
tamr pashanik kal ke bad nevasa mean ek lamba aantaral a jata hai. shayad yah basti uj d gayi thi. ath sau varshoan ke aantaral ke bad phir yahaan se praranbhik aitihasik daur ke avashesh prapt hote haian. is star se lauh upakaran prapt hote haian. makan patthar ki nianv par mitti ki eeantoan se bane hue milate haian. patroan mean krishna-lohit tatha rakt-lopit parampara ke patr milate haian. inamean uttari kali-chamakili patr parampara bhi chalan mean thi. is saanskritik star se satavahan rajaoan ke sikke bhi prapt hue haian.
any tathy
matridevi ki moortiyaan v 'olin' (chini mitti) ka bana ek bachche ka sir prapt hua hai. maniky ke manake visheshatah ullekhaniy haian. yahaan se hastanirmit mitti ka bana hua ek chaity bhi prapt hua hai. paravarti aitihasik kal mean makan poorvavarti kal ke saman hi haian. krishna-lohit v rakt-lepit patroan ke sath hi roman aretain parampara ke patroan ke bhi darshan is charan mean hote haian. is star se bahusankhyak moortiyaan, shankh ki choo diyaan, patthar ka 'jaanta' (ata chakki) adi mile haian. is star se ek dafanaya hua kankal bhi prapt hua hai. nevasa mean ek bar phir tisari shatabdi se lekar chaudahavian shatabdi tak manav avas mean aantaral a jata hai. uttar madhyakal mean nevasa ek bar punah abad hua. yahaan solahavian-satrahavian shatabdi ke ek rajamahal ke avashesh prapt hue haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ aitihasik sthanavali| vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar, prishth sankhya - 507, 508
sanbandhit lekh