एरंड कुल

erand kul (yaphrooorbiesi) dvibijapatrak paudhoan ka ek b da kul hai. isamean pray: 220 prajati (jenera) aur lagabhag 4,000 jatiyaan (spishiz) haian, jo adhikaansh ushn pradeshoan mean hoti haian, kiantu samanyat: uttari dhruv mean pradesh ko chho d sansar ke sabhi sthanoan mean paee jati haian. is kul me j di, booti tatha jha diyoan se lekar b de vriksh tak sabhi pae jate haian. erand kul ke kuchh paudhe, visheshat: dugdhi (yoofarabiya) ki kuchh upajatiyaan, shushkodbhid hoti haian. inamean pattiyaan nahian hoti aur jab pushparahit hoti hai to dekhane mean nagaphan (kaiktas) ki tarah pratit hoti haian, parantu donoan mean yah aantar hota hai ki dugdhi mean saphed doodh (laiteks) hota hai, kaiktas mean nahian.

is kul ke phool ekaliangi hote haian tatha donoan ligoan ke phool, ya to ek hi pe d par athava alag alag pe doan par, nana prakar ke pushpakramoan mean lagate haian. pahali shakhaean adhikatar ekavardhyakshiy tatha badavali bahuvardhyakshiy hoti hai. pushpakram bhi adhikatar ekaliangi phooloan ke hote haian. nar pushpakram mean bahut se phool hote haian, parantu nari pushpakram mean ek hi phool hota hai. yoopharabiya ke pushpakram ko katoriya (saethiyamh‌) kahate haian. yah dekhane mean dviliangi pushp maloom hota hai, parantu vastav mean yah ek bahuvardhyakshiy pushpakram hai jisaka avasan pushp maloom hota hai, parantu vastav mean yah ek bahuvardhyakshiy pushpakram hai jisaka avasan pushp nagn mada phool hota hai. isake niche char paanch nipatr (braikt) hote haian, jo dekhane mean bahy dal ki bhaanti pratit hote haian. pratyek nipatr ke kaksh mean nar phooloan ki varchhik bahuvardhyaksh shakha hoti hai aur pratyek nar phool mean keval ek hi puankesar hota hai. nalaparipushp (aianthestima e.jus.) ke nar phool mean ek hi puankesar hota hai aur yah paridalapuanj (kailiks) yukt hota hai. yooforabiya ke nar pushp mean ek nagn puankesar hota hai tatha usake vriant par jo d hota hai.

erand

erand vriksh ki pattiyoan sahit ek dal. isake phal ke bijoan se tel nikala jata hai.

erand kul mean arthik mahatv ke paudhoan ke varg nimnalikhit haian: chukradaru (biskofiya), putranjiv, samudgadaru (baksas), kaanpily (melotas), toyapippali (sepiyam), jayapal (kroton), vanairand (jaitarofa), rabar ka vriksh (heviya), malayakshot (elyuraitis) aur erand (risinas) ityadi. para rabar (heviya braziliyesians) aur siyara rabar (manihot gleziyobaee) rabar ke utpadan ke lie, samany erand (risinas kamyunis) erand tel (rean di ke tel) ke lie, giri malayakshot (elyuraitis monatana), e. foradai tatha samany toyapippali (sepiyam sebipharam) kramanusar chini tuangatel tatha lalamool tel (stilliangiya aauyal) ke utpadan ke lie mahatvapoorn srot mane jate haian.

bharat mean pae janevale is kul ke arthik mahatv ke paudhe nimnalikhit haian : laghu dugdhi (yooforbiya thaimifoliya) maidanoan aur chhoti paha diyoan mean sarvatr; thor (pitanivesht dugdhi, yoo. royaliyana) uttari bharat mean 1,800 mitar ki ooanchaee tak ; chhatarival (sooryadugdhi, yoo. hiliyoskopiya) panjab mean ; shamashad-pap di (samany samudgadaru, baksas saimaparavairaians) samashitoshn uttar-pashchimi bharat mean; khaja (samany soovirak, braideliya retusa) sarvatr; asana (giri suvirak, bra. monatana) uttar, poorvi aur madhy bharat mean; garari (samany nandi, klaisataianthas k aaulinas) pashchimi aur madhy bharat mean; panjoli (kaanbojini amalak, faileanthas retikyooletas) uttari bhagoan ke atirikt sarvatr; amalaki (samany amalak, pha. embalika) sarvatr; patala (patali, paanduphal, flueggiya virosa) sarvatr; putranjiv (putranjiv rauksabaragaee) sarvatr; jangali erand (jetrofa glaiandayoolaphhऱeira) dakshin mean jamalagota (je. karakas) sarvatr; kain (samany chukadaru, biskophiya javanika) uttari aur madhy bharat mean; bhootan-kusha (bhootaankush, jayapal, kroton aubloangifoliyas) uttari bharat aur madhy bharat mean; jayaphal (samany jayapal, kro.tigaliyam) bangal aur asam mean; tumari (samany piandar, treviya nyoodiflora) ooshn pradesho mean ; kamala (samany kaanpily, melotas philipinaiansis) sarvatr; erand (risinas kamyunis) sarvatr; danti (beliyosparamam monatanam) bihar, asam aur madhyabharat mean ; taracharbi (samany toyapippali, sepiyam sebifaram) uttari bharat mean; tatha tepioka (mandashiph, mainihaut eskyulaianta) keral mean.

snigdh dudidhi (yooforbia spleandeans) ki dal, patte, kaante tatha phool.

isamean suandar lal phool lagate haian. sajavat ke lie yah paudha gamaloan mean lagaya jata hai.

deharadoon sthit van anusandhanashala aur rashtriy rasayanashala, poona, ke anusandhanakartaoan ne kamala pe d ke bijoan mean se vishisht riti se tel nikalakar tatha rangalep udyog mean usaki arthik upayogita siddh karake usaka bhavishy ujval kar diya hai (sadgopal, iz tuang aauyal so nesesari?, peant iandiya, banbee, varsh 2, san. 5 agast, 1952, pri. 9-14, 44-45). isi prakar sadgopal aur narang ne taracharbi aur shamashad-pap di ke bijateloan ka bhi arthik mahatv rangalep udyog mean darshaya hai (iandiyan stilliangiya aauyal aiand tailo, jarnal aauv di amarikan aauyal kemists sosayati, varsh 35, pharavari, 1958, pri. 68-71; e nyoo daanig aauyal phhऱ aaum d sids aauv baksas saimaparavairaians, linn., sop parfyooms aiand k aausmetiks, bhag 31, aank 9, sitanbar 1958, 856-59). lak di aur patthar ke koyaloan ke choore aur chhote tuk doan ko pun: jamakar jalane layak eedhan ki tikiya banane mean bhi kamala ke bijoan ki upadeyata mahatvapoorn hai (sadgopal aur dobhal, kamala sids f aaur brikettiang aauv charakol, koladasts aiand vestash‌ , peant iandiya, varsh 7, aan. 3, poo. 29-31). atev spasht hai ki erand kul ke paudhe bharat ki arthik unnati mean sahayak ho sakeange.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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