श्राद्ध की कोटियाँ
| 30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran |
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shraddh ki kotiyaan
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| anuyayi | sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi |
| uddeshy | shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian.. |
| prarambh | vaidik-pauranik |
| tithi | bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak |
| anushthan | shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake jo 'pind' banate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai, ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata |
| any janakari | brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai. |
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shraddh (ya sabhi krity) tin kotiyoan mean vibhajit kiye gaye haian; nity, naimittik evan kamy.
- vah shraddh nity kahalata hai, jisake lie aisi vyavastha di huee ho ki vah kisi nishchit avasar par kiya jae (yatha–ahvik, amavasya ke din vala ya ashtaka ke din vala).
- jo aise avasar par kiya jae jo ki anishchit sa ho, yatha–putrotpatti adi par, use naimittik kaha jata hai.
- jo kisi vishisht phal ke lie kiya jae use kamy kahate haian; yatha–svarg, santati adi ki prapti ke lie. krittika ya rohini par kiya gaya shraddh.
panchamahayajn krity, jinamean pitriyajn bhi sammilit hai, nity kahe jate haian, arthath unhean bina kisi phal ki asha ke karana chahie, unake n karane se pap lagata hai. nity karmoan ko karane se prapt phal ki jo charcha dharmashastroan mean milati hai, vah keval prashansa matr hi hai. usase keval yahi vyakt hota hai ki karmoan ke sampadan se vyakti pavitr ho jata hai. kintu aisa nahian hai ki ve aparihary nahian hai aur unaka sampadan tabhi hota hai, jab vyakti kisi vishisht phal ki asha rakhata hai (arthath in karmoan ka sampadan kamy athava ichchhajanit nahian hai). apastamb dharmasootr[1] ne shraddh ke lie nishchit kaloan ki vyavastha di hai, yatha–isaka sampadan pratyek mas ke antim paksh mean hona chahie, dopahar ko shreshthata milani chahie aur paksh ke arambhik dinoan ki apeksha antim dinoan ko adhik mahattv dena chahie. gautam[2] evan vasishth[3] ka kathan hai ki shraddh pratyek mas ke krishna paksh mean chaturthi ko chho dakar kisi bhi din kiya ja sakata hai aur gautam[4] ne pun: kaha hai ki yadi vishisht roop mean uchit samagriyoan ya pavitr brahman upalabdh ho ya karta kisi pavitr sthan (yatha–gaya) mean ho to shraddh kisi bhi din kiya ja sakata hai. yahi bat koorm puran[5] ne bhi kahi hai. agni puran[6] ka kathan hai ki gaya mean kisi bhi din shraddh kiya ja sakata hai (n kaladi gaya tirthe dadyath pindashch nityash:). manu[7] ne vyavastha di hai ki mas ke krishna paksh ki chaturdashi ko chho dakar dashami se arambh karake kisi bhi din shraddh kiya ja sakata hai. kintu yadi koee chandr sam tithi (dashami ya dvadashi) aur sam nakshatroan (bharani, rohini adi) mean shraddh karean to usaki ichchhaoan ki poorti hoti hai. kintu jab koee visham tithi (ekadashi, trayodashi adi) mean pitripooja karata hai aur visham nakshatroan (krittika, mrigashira adi) mean aisa karata hai to bhagyashali santati prapt karata hai. [[chitr:Shraddh-4.jpg|thumb|left|shraddh karm mean snan karate brahman]] jis prakar mas ka krishna paksh shukl paksh ki apeksha achchha samajha jata hai, to usi prakar uparahn ko madhyahn se achchha mana jata hai. anushanaparv[8] ne bhi aisa hi kaha hai. yajnavalky[9], markandey puran[10] evan varah puran[11] ne ek sthan par shraddh sampadan ke kaloan ko nimn roop se rakha hai–amavasya, ashtaka din, shubh din (yatha–putrotpatti divas), mas ka krishna paksh, donoan ayan (ve donoan din jab soory uttar ya dakshin ki or jana arambh karata hai), paryapt samabharoan (bhat, dal ya maans adi samagriyoan) ki upalabdhi, kisi yogy brahman ka agaman, vishuvat rekha par soory ka agaman, ek rashi se doosari rashi mean jane vale soory ke din, vyatipat, gajachchhaya namak jyotishasandhiyaan, chandr aur soory grahan tatha jab karmakarta ke man mean tivr ichchha ka uday (shraddh karane ke lie) ho gaya ho–yahi kal shraddh sampadan ke haian.[12] markandey[13] ne jo da hai ki tab shraddh karana chahie jab vyakti du:svapn dekhe aur sabhi bure grah usake janm ke nakshatr ko prabhavit kar dean. grahan mean shraddh ka upayukt samay sparshakal hai (arthath jab grahan ka arambh hota hai); yah bat vriddh vasishth ke ek shlok mean ati hai. brahmapuran[14] mean yajnavalky dvara sabhi kaloan evan kuchh aur kaloan ka varnan paya jata hai.[15] vishnu dharmasootr[16] ke mat se amavasya, tin ashtakaean evan tin anvashtakaean, bhadrapad ke krishnapaksh ki trayodashi, jis din chandr magha nakshatr mean hota hai, sharad evan vasant shraddh ke lie nity kaloan ke dyotak haian aur jo bhi vyakti in dinoan mean shraddh nahian karata vah narak mean jata hai. vishnu dharmasootr[17] ka kahana hai ki jab soory ek rashi se doosara rashi mean jata hai to donoan vishuviy din, visheshat: uttarayan evan dakshinayan ke din, vyatipat, karta janm ki rashi, putrotpatti adi ke utsavoan ka kal–adi kamy kal haian aur in avasaroan par kiya gaya shraddh (pitaroan ko) anant anand pradan karata hai. koorm puran[18] ka kathan hai ki kamy shraddh brahmanoan ke samay, soory ke ayanoan ke din evan vyatipat par karane chahie, tab ve (pitaroan ko) aparimit anand dete haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ apastamb dharmasootr 2|7|16|4-7
- ↑ gautam 15|3
- ↑ vasishth 11|16
- ↑ gautam 15|5
- ↑ koorm puran (2|20|23
- ↑ agni puran 115|8
- ↑ manu 3|276-278
- ↑ anushanaparv 87|18
- ↑ yajnavalky 1|217-218
- ↑ markandey puran 28|20
- ↑ varah puran 13|33-35
- ↑ aparark (pri. 426) ne 'vyatipat' ki paribhasha ke lie vriddh manu ko udadhrit kiya hai–'shravanashvighanishthardranagadaivatamastake. yadyama ravivaren vyatipat: s uchyate..' aur dekhie agnipu (209|13). jab amavasya ravivar ko hoti hai aur chandr us din shravan nakshatr mean ya ashvini, dhanishtha, ardra mean ya ashla ke pratham charan mean hota hai to us yog ko vyatipat kahate haian. kuchh log 'mastak' ko 'mrigashironakshatray kahate haian. ban ne apane harshacharit mean 'vyatipat' ka ullekh kiya hai. rashiyoan ki or nirdesh karake bhi vyatipat ki paribhasha ki gayi hai–'panchananasthau gurubhoomiputrau meshe ravi: syadyadi shuklapakshe. pashabhidhana karabhen yukta tithirvyatipat itih yog:..' (shra. k. t., pri. 18-19). jab shukl paksh ki dvadashi ko chandr hast nakshatr mean hota hai, soory mesh mean, brihaspati evan mangal sianh mean hote haian to us yog ko vyatipat kahate haian. gajachchhaya vah yog hai jab chandr magha nakshatr mean evan soory hast mean hota hai aur tithi varsha rritu ki trayodashi hoti hai. vishvaroop (yajnavalky 2|218) ne udadhrit kiya hai–'yadi syachchandrama: pitrye kare chaiv divakar:. varshasu ch trayodashyaan sa chchhaya kuanjarasy tu..' aparark ne kathakashruti ko udadhrit kiya hai–'etaddhi devapitrinaan chayanan yaddhastichchhaya'. mitakshara aur aparark (pri. 427) donoan mean yahi vachan hai. kalpataru (shraddh, pri. 9) evan krityaratnakar (pri. 319) ne brahmapuran ko uddhrit kiya hai–'yogo maghatrayodashyaan kuanjarachchhayasanjnit:. bhavenmaghayaan sansthe ch shashinyarke ke sthite..' saurapuran ne ise is prakar vyakhyapit kiya hai–'shraddhapakshe trayodashyaan maghasvindu: kare ravi:.' skandapuran (6|220|42-44) ne 'hastichchhaya' ki vyakhya kee prakar se ki hai. agnipuran (165|3-4) ne 'hastichchhaya' ka do prakar se samajhaya hai. kuchh log gajachchhaya ka shabdik arth lete haian aur kahate haian ki kisi hathi ki chhaya mean shraddh sampadan hona chahie. van parv (200|121) ka kahana hai ki shraddh, jisamean hathi ke kan pankha jhalane ka kam karate haian, sahasroan kalp tak santushti deta hai. aparark (pri. 427) ne mahabharat se uddharan dekar kaha hai ki varsha rritu mean gaj ki chhaya mean aur gaj ke kanoan dvara pankha jhalate samay shraddh kiya jata hai, isamean jo maans arpit kiya jata hai vah lohit rang ke bakare ka hota hai.
- ↑ markandey 28|22|23
- ↑ brahmapuran 220|51-54
- ↑ aur dekhie skand 7|1|30-32, vishnupuran (3|14|4-6), padm srishti 9|128-129
- ↑ vishnu dharmasootr 76|1-2
- ↑ vishnu dharmasootr 77|1-7
- ↑ koorm puran uttarardh 16|6-8
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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