अल्फियेरी वित्तोरियो

alphiyeri vittoriyo kauant (1749-1803)-itali ka prasiddh du:khaant natakakar, jisaka janm pidamoant praant ke asti nagar mean hua tha. use 14 varsh ki avastha mean hi pita aur chacha ki anant sanpatti virasat mean mili. sat varsh tak vah paryatak ke roop mean yoorop ke vividh deshoan mean bhraman karata raha jisaka vritaant usane apani atmakatha mean aankit kiya. yadyapi usaka bhraman usaki vilasita se vikrit tha, usane use prabhavit bhi prabhoot kiya aur ianglaiand ki rajanitik svatantrata tatha phraans ke sahity ka labh usane bharapoor uthaya. ve hi donoan usake jivan ke adarsh ban ge. volteyar, rooso aur moantesk ka adhyayan usane gahara kiya, phalat: rajanatik atyachar ka vah shatru ban gaya.

alphiyeri ke natakoan mean pradhan 'saul' hai. svabhavik hi apani adarsh chetana ke anusar apana ek du:khaant natak 'mariya stuarada', likhakar usane apani priy chaheti kauantes ko samarpit kiya jisake sath rahakar usane apana shesh jivan bita diya. usake pichhale natakoan mean pradhan 'mirra' tha jise anek samalochakoan ne 'saul' se bhi suandar mana hai.

alphiyeri amariki aur phaansisi donoan rajyakraantiyoan ka samakalin tha aur donoan par usane suandar kavitaean likhian. phraansisi rajyakraanti ke samay vah peris mean hi tha. vahaan ke raktapat se ghab dakar vah kauantes ke sath apani sanpatti chho d phraans se bhag nikala. use aankhoan dekhi marakat se jo ghrina huee to usane usake viruddh 'misogalo' nam ke apane gadyasangrah mean kuchh b de sashakt nibandh prakashit kie aur is prakar usane n keval rajaoan aur mahantoan ke viruddh, balki rajyakraanti ke atyachar ke viruddh bhi apani avaj uthaee.

in nibandhoan ke atirikt usaka yash usaki kavitaoan, pradhanat: usake 19 natakoan par avalanbit hai. 19vian sadi ke aranbh mean usaki rachanaoan ke sangrah 22 khandoan mean phloreans mean prakashit hue. usi nagar mean usaka dehaant bhi hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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madhyamik

poornata

shodh